Permanent Genetic Resources Added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2009-30 September 2009 PDF Download
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Author: Doukary Abdoullaye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Doukary Abdoullaye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Dongdong Xu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889716937
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Author: Malin La Farge Pinsky
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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A central goal of ecology is to understand the forces driving the distribution and abundance of organisms. However, understanding the population dynamics of high-dispersal species, their conservation, and the connections between population dynamics and evolution remains difficult. It is in this context that marine organisms provide a particularly intriguing and challenging study system. Their population dynamics are often highly stochastic, most species have a great ability to disperse, and as the last group of wild species exploited commercially, their ecology and evolution can be strongly influenced by human behavior. By using population genetics, modeling, and meta-analysis, this thesis investigates the spatial ecology of reef fish and the causes and evolutionary consequences of global fisheries collapse. One of the first challenges in understanding spatial population dynamics is obtaining accurate measurements of dispersal abilities. This has been especially difficult for marine species with pelagic larvae. In Chapter 1, I apply a new approach to measuring single-generation dispersal kernels in Clark's anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii) in the central Philippines. After developing two methods for measuring the strength of local genetic drift, my results suggest that larval dispersal kernels in A. clarkii had a spread near 11 km (4-27 km). This study shows that ecologically relevant larval dispersal can be estimated with widely available genetic methods when effective density is measured carefully through cohort sampling and ecological censuses. In Chapter 2, I use dispersal kernels to develop a model for population openness. Openness refers to the degree to which populations are replenished by immigrants or by local production, a factor that has strong implications for population dynamics, species interactions, and response to exploitation. It is also a population trait that has been increasingly measured empirically, though we have until now lacked theory for predicting population openness. I show that considering habitat isolation elegantly explains the existence of surprisingly closed populations in high dispersal species, and that relatively closed populations are expected when patch spacing is more than twice the standard deviation of a species' dispersal kernel. In addition, empirical scales of habitat patchiness on coral reefs are sufficient to create both largely open and largely closed populations. We predict that habitat patchiness has strong control over population replenishment pathways for a wide range of marine and terrestrial species with a highly dispersive life stage. While the first tow chapters have strong implications for the design of regional marine protected areas, I turn to global conservation questions in Chapters 3 and 4. I first ask which marine fishes are most vulnerable to human impacts. Surveys of terrestrial species have suggested that large-bodied species and top predators are the most at risk, but there has been no global test of this hypothesis in the sea. Contrary to expectations, two datasets compiled from around the world suggest that up to twice as many fisheries for small, low trophic level species have collapsed as compared to those for large predators. I then show that collapsed and overfished species have lower genetic diversity than their close relatives. While the ecological and ecosystem impacts of harvesting wild populations have long been recognized, it has been controversial how widespread evolutionary impacts are. Using a meta-analytical approach across 37 taxonomically paired comparisons, I find on average 19% fewer alleles per locus in overfished species, but little difference in heterozygosity. I confirm with simulations that these results are consistent with a recent population bottleneck. These results suggest that the genetic impacts of overharvest are widespread, even among abundant species. A loss of allelic richness has implications for the long-term evolutionary potential of species.
Author: Mario J. Pastorino
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030564622
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Global climate change requires the development of programs that consider the active restoration of degraded forests and the use of native trees in afforestation to preserve the natural environment. International commitments like the UN REDD program, the Montréal Process and the Convention on Biological Diversity call for the breeding of species rarely contemplated by large industrial companies. Low-intensity breeding is the most rational strategy for those species: simple but robust, and not dependent on continuously increasing funding, and therefore effective even with a relatively small budget. It commonly focuses on high genetic diversity rather than improving economic traits and adaptability rather than productivity. Controlled crosses with full pedigrees typical of high-intensity breeding are replaced by open pollination. This book presents state-of-the-art breeding strategies from the last two decades for several forest tree species of prime importance in the natural forests of Argentina. They are distributed in the three main forestry ecoregions of the country: the subtropical dry forest (Chaco), the subtropical rain forests (Yungas and Alto Paraná rainforests) and the temperate forests of Patagonia. The book also discusses the genetic patterns of the selected species defined using genetic markers together with the analysis of the variation in quantitative traits. Further, it examines the crucial features of their reproductive biology, such as the mating system and gene flow and describes the current breeding programs. Lastly, it presents the latest developments in genetic resources and their emerging applications, concluding with some reflections and perspectives related to the conditioning imposed by climate change.
Author: Paul-andré Calatayud
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889634809
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Author: Alain Roques
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401793409
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Because of its peculiar biology, its negative impacts on forestry, and its urticating larvae affecting human and animal health, pine processionary moth has largely been studied in many European countries during the last century. However, knowledge remained scattered and no synthesis has ever been published. Since the IPCC retained the moth as one of the two insect indicators of climate change because of its expansion with warming up, filling this gap became increasingly important. Led by INRA, this book associates 101 authors from 22 countries of Europe, Minor Asia and North Africa, combining all the concerned research fields (entomology, ecology, genetics, mathematical modelling, medical and veterinary science, pest management) in a multidisciplinary approach to understand and model the processes underlying past, present and future moth expansion and to propose adapted management methods. Besides, the major biological patterns of the related processionary species are also detailed.
Author: David Hemming
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780643004
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Plant Sciences Reviews 2012 provides scientists and students with analysis on key topics in current research, including plant diseases, genetics, climate impacts, biofuels and postharvest. Experts such as Frances Seymour, Roger Jones, Paul Christou and Errol Hewitt provide incisive reviews of their fields. Originally published online in CAB Reviews, this volume makes available in printed form the reviews in plant science published during 2012.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251084025
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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The publication was prepared based on information provided by 86 countries, outcomes from regional and subregional consultations and commissioned thematic studies. It includes: •an overview of definitions and concepts related to Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) and a review of their value; •a description of the main drivers of changes; •the presentation of key emerging technologies; •an analysis of the current status of FGR conservation, use and related developments; •recommendations addressing the challenges and needs. By the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251065349
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Plant genetic resources provide a basis for food security, livelihood support and economic development as a major component of biodiversity. The Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture demonstrates the central role plant genetic diversity continues to play in shaping agriculture growth in the face of climate change and other environmental challenges. It is based on information gathered from Country Reports, regional syntheses, thematic studie s and scientific literature, documenting the major achievements made in this sector during the past decade and identifying the critical gaps and needs that should urgently be addressed. The Report provides the decision-makers with a technical basis for updating the Global Plan of Action on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. It also aims to attract the attention of the global community to set priorities for the effective management of plant genet ic resources for the future. Purchase a print copy.
Author: Spiridon E. Kintzios
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203304551
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
Sage, the genus Salvia is one of the most famous and used herbs in the world. This volume, containing twenty chapters written by the leading experts in the field, presents a comprehensive coverage on all aspects of Salvia. Topics covered include the presentation of the (approximately 400) most known Salvia species; the distribution of the genus; it
