Performance of Maize (Zea Mays L.) at Varying Plant Populations as Influenced by Genotype and Field Environments PDF Download
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Author: Marianito R. Villanueva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Author: Marianito R. Villanueva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Author: Najeed Ahmed Khan Nangraj
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659427657
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
This book contain about maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar yield influence by various plant population. Comparing varying levels of plant population density to growth and yield is one measure used to gauge the value of maize cultivars. High plant population always increases competition for growth resources viz. light, moisture and nutrients and thus low grain yield was observed. Each maize cultivar reached a point of maximum yield and harvest index at 70000 plants ha-1; further increase in plant population had non-significant increase in yield. Among the tested maize cultivars, Afgoy had better performance for growth and yield
Author: Bridget McFarland (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Plant breeders selectively breed plants to maximize productivity within the context of the target environment(s). These environments can be viewed as entire fields or regions with common features, such as weather or soil characteristics, or specific growing conditions unique to a single plant within a field. The objectives of this dissertation are: (1) assess the effects of selection and environment cues on plant performance and stability using maize hybrids derived from a common genetic background and (2) evaluate the effect of planting density on yield component traits in maize. Both of these studies utilize resources and datasets that are part of the Genomes To Fields (G2F) Initiative. Chapter One provides background on the history of maize and its importance, plant development and various abiotic influences on grain yield, and an overview of genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E) and stability. Chapter Two examines how breeding for productivity has influenced trait stability and which environmental variables are most influential in hybrid performance. Across a range of environments, we observed increased stability and improved performance in lines that had undergone multiple cycles of selection relative to unselected lines across most productivity traits (such as, stand count, flowering time, and grain yield), except stalk lodging. The environmental variables that were most influential on plant performance were those related to soil classification and day length. When comparing the environmental variables estimates across models, using genotype (G) and G × E variance in place of the raw phenotypic trait values generated environmental that were significantly correlated to the traditional stability environmental rankings. This suggests that environmental variance is not a good indicator of environment ranking, while G+ G×E better explains hybrid performance. In Chapter Three, an ever-increasing density (EID) plot design was used to evaluate the response of hybrids to increased planting densities using image-based phenotyping of grain yield components. This study used a set of three biparental populations sharing one parent in common, the others representing a highly selected, an almost complete unselected, and an intermediately selected parent. Kernel size traits were the most sensitive to increases in planting density and decreased significantly, while ear and cob width were the least sensitive and did not significantly change. The lines derived from the least selected parent produced the heaviest cobs and kernels, and largest kernel size, while the lines derived from the commercially relevant and highly selected parent produced the lightest cobs and smallest kernels. When connecting density traits data with production-level G2F data, ear height in the production-level environments was significantly correlated with ear height at two of the EID treatments. The known correlation between these two formats supports the continued use of the EID design to evaluate varying planting density effects. Overall, this work emphasizes the utility of dissecting environments at multiple levels to better understand the driving forces of plant performance and stability, and an alternative planting density scheme to understand the effects of variable planting density on yield component traits, and genetically dissect grain yield components for continued improvement.
Author: Mathew Hooyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Ronald Scott Ferriss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author: Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
Author: Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Author: Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural experiment stations
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author: Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural experiment stations
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: Shabir Hussain Wani
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031216407
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Maize is one of the most generally grown cereal crops at global level, followed by wheat and rice. Maize is the major crop in China both in terms of yield and acreage. In 2012, worldwide maize production was about 840 million tons. Maize has long been a staple food of most of the global population (particularly in South America and Africa) and a key nutrient resource for animal feed and for food industrial materials. Maize belts vary from the latitude 58° north to the latitude 40° south, and maize ripens every month of the year. Abiotic and biotic stresses are common in maize belts worldwide. Abiotic stresses (chiefly drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures), together with biotic stresses (primarily fungi, viruses, and pests), negatively affect maize growth, development, production and productivity. In the recent past, intense droughts, waterlogging, and extreme temperatures have relentlessly affected maize growth and yield. In China, 60% of the maize planting area is prone to drought, and the resultant yield loss is 20%–30% per year; in India, 25%–30% of the maize yield is lost as a result of waterlogging each year. The biotic stresses on maize are chiefly pathogens (fungal, bacterial, and viral), and the consequential syndromes, like ear/stalk rot, rough dwarf disease, and northern leaf blight, are widespread and result in grave damage. Roughly 10% of the global maize yield is lost each year as a result of biotic stresses. For example, the European corn borer [ECB, Ostrinianubilalis (Hübner)] causes yield losses of up to 2000 million dollars annually in the USA alone in the northern regions of China, the maize yield loss reaches 50% during years when maize badly affected by northern leaf blight. In addition, abiotic and biotic stresses time and again are present at the same time and rigorously influence maize production. To fulfill requirements of each maize-growing situation and to tackle the above mentions stresses in an effective way sensibly designed multidisciplinary strategy for developing suitable varieties for each of these stresses has been attempted during the last decade. Genomics is a field of supreme significance for elucidating the genetic architecture of complex quantitative traits and characterizing germplasm collections to achieve precise and specific manipulation of desirable alleles/genes. Advances in genotyping technologies and high throughput phenomics approaches have resulted in accelerated crop improvement like genomic selection, speed breeding, particularly in maize. Molecular breeding tools like collaborating all omics, has led to the development of maize genotypes having higher yields, improved quality and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Through this book, we bring into one volume the various important aspects of maize improvement and the recent technological advances in development of maize genotypes with high yield, high quality and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses
