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Author: Hermann Kreutzmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400738455
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
In conventional views, pastoralism was classified as a stage of civilization that needed to be abolished and transcended in order to reach a higher level of development. In this context, global approaches to modernize a rural society have been ubiquitous phenomena independent of ideological contexts. The 20th century experienced a variety of concepts to settle mobile groups and to transfer their lifestyles to modern perceptions. Permanent settlements are the vivid expression of an ideology-driven approach. Modernization theory captured all walks of life and tried to optimize breeding techniques, pasture utilization, transport and processing concepts. New insights into other aspects of pastoralism such as its role as an adaptive strategy to use marginal resources in remote locations with difficult access could only be understood as a critique of capitalist and communist concepts of modernization. In recent years a renaissance of modernization theory-led development activities can be observed. Higher inputs from external funding, fencing of pastures and settlement of pastoralists in new townships are the vivid expression of 'modern' pastoralism in urban contexts. The new modernization programme incorporates resettlement and transformation of lifestyles as to be justified by environmental pressure in order to reduce degradation in the age of climate change.
Author: Hermann Kreutzmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400738455
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
Get Book Here
Book Description
In conventional views, pastoralism was classified as a stage of civilization that needed to be abolished and transcended in order to reach a higher level of development. In this context, global approaches to modernize a rural society have been ubiquitous phenomena independent of ideological contexts. The 20th century experienced a variety of concepts to settle mobile groups and to transfer their lifestyles to modern perceptions. Permanent settlements are the vivid expression of an ideology-driven approach. Modernization theory captured all walks of life and tried to optimize breeding techniques, pasture utilization, transport and processing concepts. New insights into other aspects of pastoralism such as its role as an adaptive strategy to use marginal resources in remote locations with difficult access could only be understood as a critique of capitalist and communist concepts of modernization. In recent years a renaissance of modernization theory-led development activities can be observed. Higher inputs from external funding, fencing of pastures and settlement of pastoralists in new townships are the vivid expression of 'modern' pastoralism in urban contexts. The new modernization programme incorporates resettlement and transformation of lifestyles as to be justified by environmental pressure in order to reduce degradation in the age of climate change.
Author: Eckart Ehlers
Publisher: Franz Steiner Verlag
ISBN: 9783515076623
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
"The strength of the book lies in this differentiated analysis which is based on extensive empirical research. Several chapters challenge conventional modernization theories, and the authors' intimate connection to their data makes for an unusually stimulating and pleasurable read. The reader gains a vivid picture of the variability, the diversity and the flexibility of how people adapt to social and political developments." Erdkunde gibt "einen hervorragenden kulturgeographischen Uberblick uber die gegenwartige Situation und speziell den Wandel in den pastoralen und agropastoralen Bevolkerungen der verschiedenen Talschaften im nordlichen Pakistan. Es sollte in keiner geographischen und ethnologischen Bibliothek fehlen." Anthropos "The studies in this well produced volume provide the reader with some very valuable information on the transformations that are taking place in this part of High Asia and Pakistan. Although each deals with micro-regional specificities, taken together, they enable the reader to grasp and compare the similarities and differences between these regions. [a] High Mountain Pastoralism is a major contribution to the field of studies on high altitude societies, and is a must for all those interested not only in Asia, but also in the Andes and other comparable environments." Internationales Asienforum Aus dem Inhalt: Eckart Ehlers / Hermann Kreutzmann: High mountain ecology and economy: potential and constraints Georg Stober / Hiltrud Herbers: Animal husbandry in domestic economies: organization, legal aspects and present changes of mixed mountain agriculture in Yasin Reinhard Fischer: Coming down from the mountain pastures: decline of high pasturing and changing patterns of pastoralism in Punial Eckart Ehlers: Pastoralism in the Bagrot: Spatial organization and economic diversity Hermann Kreutzmann: Livestock economy in Hunza: societal transformation and pastoral practices Matthias Schmidt: Pastoral systems in Shigar/Baltistan: communal herding management and pasturage rights Jurgen Clemens / Marcus Nusser: Pastoral management strategies in transition: indicators from the Nanga Parbat region (NW-Himalaya) Hilturd Herbers: Why are mountain farmers vegetarians? Nutritional and non-nutritional dimensions of animal husbandry in High Asia.
Author: Victor R. Squires
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400753675
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 479
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Book Description
This volume of 18 chapters is the work of more than 30 authors, many of whom are natives of the Central Asian region or are researchers who have dedicated a large part of their working lives to studying the development dynamics in this vast and fascinating region. The work focuses on the 20 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990. But it also traces the attitudes of land users to the land dating from before the late 19th century, when Russian conquest and colonization occurred, and through the upheavals caused by Soviet-style collectivization and sedentarization. The book is rich with new data presented in 68 easy to understand charts/graphs (many in color) and 50 Tables. Information was generated for this book by experts working in-country. It presents for the first time in English a digest of plethora of previously inaccessible Russian reports and scientific literature that will be invaluable for development agencies, including UN, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Islamic Bank as well as to students of this vast and fascinating region who seek up to date and authoritive information.
Author: Jelle J.P. Wouters
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000598586
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
The Routledge Handbook of Highland Asia is the first comprehensive and critical overview of the ethnographic and anthropological work in Highland Asia over the past half a century. Opening up a grand new space for critical engagement, the handbook presents Highland Asia as a world-region that cuts across the traditional divides inherited from colonial and Cold War area divisions - the Indian Subcontinent/South Asia, Southeast Asia, China/East Asia, and Central Asia. Thirty-two chapters assess the history of research, identify ethnographic trends, and evaluate a range of analytical themes that developed in particular settings of Highland Asia. They cover varied landscapes and communities, from Kyrgyzstan to India, from Bhutan to Vietnam and bring local voices and narratives relating trade and tribute, ritual and resistance, pilgrimage and prophecy, modernity and marginalization, capital and cosmos to the fore. The handbook shows that for millennia, Highland Asians have connected far-flung regions through movements of peoples, goods and ideas, and at all times have been the enactors, repositories, and mediators of world-historical processes. Taken together, the contributors and chapters subvert dominant lowland narratives by privileging primarily highland vantages that reveal Highland Asia as an ecumune and prism that refracts and generates global history, social theory, and human imagination. In the currently unfolding Asian Century, this compels us to reorient and re-envision Highland Asia, in ethnography, in theory, and in the connections between this world-region, made of hills, highlands and mountains, and a planetary context. The handbook reveals both regional commonalities and diversities, generalities and specificities, and a broad orientation to key themes in the region. An indispensable reference work, this handbook fills a significant gap in the literature and will be of interest to academics, researchers and students interested in Highland Asia, Zomia Studies, Anthropology, Comparative Politics, Conceptual History and Sociology, Southeast Asian Studies, Central Asian Studies and South Asian Studies as well as Asian Studies in general.
Author: Pedro M. Herrera
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317665171
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Rangelands are large natural landscapes that can include grasslands, shrublands, savannahs and woodlands. They are greatly influenced by, and often dependent on, the action of herbivores. In the majority of rangelands the dominant herbivores are found in domestic herds that are managed by mobile pastoralists. Most pastoralists manage their rangelands communally, benefitting from the greater flexibility and seasonal resource access that common property regimes can offer. As this book shows, this creates a major challenge for governance and institutions. This work improves our understanding of the importance of governance, how it can be strengthened and the principles that underpin good governance, in order to prevent degradation of rangelands and ensure their sustainability. It describes the nature of governance at different levels: community governance, state governance, international governance, and the unique features of rangelands that demand collective action (issues of scale, ecological disequilibrium and seasonality). A series of country case studies is presented, drawn from a wide spectrum of examples from Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, Europe and North America. These provide contrasting lessons which are summarised to promote improved governance of rangelands and pastoralist livelihoods.
Author: Asghar Tahmasebi
Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster
ISBN: 364390357X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Based on in-depth field work and living with the nomads for a whole year, Asghar Tahmasebi provides a vivid insight into the Shahsevans' strategy to cope with both political impacts and changing environmental conditions of their traditional way of life.
Author: Michael Bollig
Publisher: Berghahn Books
ISBN: 0857459090
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Pastoralism has shaped livelihoods and landscapes on the African continent for millennia. Mobile livestock husbandry has generally been portrayed as an economic strategy that successfully met the challenges of low biomass productivity and environmental variability in arid and semi-arid environments. This volume focuses on the emergence, diversity, and inherent dynamics of pastoralism in Africa based on research during a twelve-year period on the southwest and northeast regions. Unraveling the complex prehistory, history, and contemporary political ecology of African pastoralism, results in insight into the ingenuity and flexibility of historical and contemporary herders.
Author: Hermann Kreutzmann
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319231987
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
By emphasizing on the Pamir region a comprehensive overview of path-dependent and recent developments in a remote mountain region is provided in this book. Overall neglect in the mountainous periphery is contrasted by shifting the centre of attention to the Pamirs situated at the interface between South and Central Asia. From colonial times to now there has been a debate on grasping and locating the area. Here field-work based contributions are collected to provide a variety of perspectives on the Pamirs highlighting transformation and transition in Post-Soviet societies as well as in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The similar ecological environment across borders features the common ground while analyzing development processes in a set of case studies that aim at highlighting certain aspects of regional development.
Author: Thomas F. Thornton
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351983296
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
This volume provides an overview of key themes in Indigenous Environmental Knowledge (IEK) and anchors them with brief but well-grounded empirical case studies of relevance for each of these themes, drawn from bioculturally diverse areas around the world. It provides an incisive, cutting-edge overview of the conceptual and philosophical issues, while providing constructive examples of how IEK studies have been implemented to beneficial effect in ecological restoration, stewardship, and governance schemes. Collectively, the chapters in the Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Environmental Knowledge cover Indigenous Knowledge not only in a wide range of cultures and livelihood contexts, but also in a wide range of environments, including drylands, savannah grassland, tropical forests, mountain landscapes, temperate and boreal forests, Pacific and Indian Ocean islands, and coastal environments. The chapters discuss the complexities and nuances of Indigenous cosmologies and ethno-metaphysics and the treatment and incorporation of IEK in local, national, and international environmental policies. Taken together, the chapters in this volume make a strong case for the potential of Indigenous Knowledge in addressing today’s local and global environmental challenges, especially when approached from a perspective of appreciative inquiry, using cross-cultural methods and ethical, collaborative approaches which limit bias and inappropriate extraction of IEK. The book is a guide for graduate and advanced undergraduate teaching, and a key reference for academics in development studies, environmental studies, geography, anthropology, and beyond, as well as anyone with an interest in Indigenous Environmental Knowledge. Chapters 10 and 23 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Author: Oleg Igorevich Krassov
Publisher: XSPO
ISBN: 5001562562
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
The monograph covers the issues related to the evolution of land tenure systems, land reforms, the main features of formal land law that is in force in the various legal systems of the countries of South, East, and Southeast Asia, and customary land rights. The current state of land law in Asian countries: land rights, the provision and suspension of these rights, the relationship between formal law and customary land tenure systems, the problems of recognizing customary communal land rights are analyzed. For students, graduate students and teachers of law schools, employees of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, as well as for all those interested in issues of land, civil law and comparative jurisprudence.
