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Author: Rodney G. Downey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461205158
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
An approach to complexity theory which offers a means of analysing algorithms in terms of their tractability. The authors consider the problem in terms of parameterized languages and taking "k-slices" of the language, thus introducing readers to new classes of algorithms which may be analysed more precisely than was the case until now. The book is as self-contained as possible and includes a great deal of background material. As a result, computer scientists, mathematicians, and graduate students interested in the design and analysis of algorithms will find much of interest.
Author: Rodney G. Downey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461205158
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 538
Get Book Here
Book Description
An approach to complexity theory which offers a means of analysing algorithms in terms of their tractability. The authors consider the problem in terms of parameterized languages and taking "k-slices" of the language, thus introducing readers to new classes of algorithms which may be analysed more precisely than was the case until now. The book is as self-contained as possible and includes a great deal of background material. As a result, computer scientists, mathematicians, and graduate students interested in the design and analysis of algorithms will find much of interest.
Author: J. Flum
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354029953X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
This book is a state-of-the-art introduction into both algorithmic techniques for fixed-parameter tractability and the structural theory of parameterized complexity classes. It presents detailed proofs of recent advanced results that have not appeared in book form before and replaces the earlier publication "Parameterized Complexity" by Downey and Fellows as the definitive book on this subject. The book will interest computer scientists, mathematicians and graduate students engaged with algorithms and problem complexity.
Author: Marek Cygan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319212753
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
This comprehensive textbook presents a clean and coherent account of most fundamental tools and techniques in Parameterized Algorithms and is a self-contained guide to the area. The book covers many of the recent developments of the field, including application of important separators, branching based on linear programming, Cut & Count to obtain faster algorithms on tree decompositions, algorithms based on representative families of matroids, and use of the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. A number of older results are revisited and explained in a modern and didactic way. The book provides a toolbox of algorithmic techniques. Part I is an overview of basic techniques, each chapter discussing a certain algorithmic paradigm. The material covered in this part can be used for an introductory course on fixed-parameter tractability. Part II discusses more advanced and specialized algorithmic ideas, bringing the reader to the cutting edge of current research. Part III presents complexity results and lower bounds, giving negative evidence by way of W[1]-hardness, the Exponential Time Hypothesis, and kernelization lower bounds. All the results and concepts are introduced at a level accessible to graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. Every chapter is accompanied by exercises, many with hints, while the bibliographic notes point to original publications and related work.
Author: Rodney G. Downey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447155599
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 765
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Book Description
This comprehensive and self-contained textbook presents an accessible overview of the state of the art of multivariate algorithmics and complexity. Increasingly, multivariate algorithmics is having significant practical impact in many application domains, with even more developments on the horizon. The text describes how the multivariate framework allows an extended dialog with a problem, enabling the reader who masters the complexity issues under discussion to use the positive and negative toolkits in their own research. Features: describes many of the standard algorithmic techniques available for establishing parametric tractability; reviews the classical hardness classes; explores the various limitations and relaxations of the methods; showcases the powerful new lower bound techniques; examines various different algorithmic solutions to the same problems, highlighting the insights to be gained from each approach; demonstrates how complexity methods and ideas have evolved over the past 25 years.
Author: Iris van Rooij
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107043999
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
Provides an accessible introduction to computational complexity analysis and its application to questions of intractability in cognitive science.
Author: Ronald de Haan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3662606704
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
Parameterized Complexity in the Polynomial Hierarchy was co-recipient of the E.W. Beth Dissertation Prize 2017 for outstanding dissertations in the fields of logic, language, and information. This work extends the theory of parameterized complexity to higher levels of the Polynomial Hierarchy (PH). For problems at higher levels of the PH, a promising solving approach is to develop fixed-parameter tractable reductions to SAT, and to subsequently use a SAT solving algorithm to solve the problem. In this dissertation, a theoretical toolbox is developed that can be used to classify in which cases this is possible. The use of this toolbox is illustrated by applying it to analyze a wide range of problems from various areas of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Author: Benjamin Doerr
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030294145
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
This edited book reports on recent developments in the theory of evolutionary computation, or more generally the domain of randomized search heuristics. It starts with two chapters on mathematical methods that are often used in the analysis of randomized search heuristics, followed by three chapters on how to measure the complexity of a search heuristic: black-box complexity, a counterpart of classical complexity theory in black-box optimization; parameterized complexity, aimed at a more fine-grained view of the difficulty of problems; and the fixed-budget perspective, which answers the question of how good a solution will be after investing a certain computational budget. The book then describes theoretical results on three important questions in evolutionary computation: how to profit from changing the parameters during the run of an algorithm; how evolutionary algorithms cope with dynamically changing or stochastic environments; and how population diversity influences performance. Finally, the book looks at three algorithm classes that have only recently become the focus of theoretical work: estimation-of-distribution algorithms; artificial immune systems; and genetic programming. Throughout the book the contributing authors try to develop an understanding for how these methods work, and why they are so successful in many applications. The book will be useful for students and researchers in theoretical computer science and evolutionary computing.
Author: Molter, Hendrik
Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
ISBN: 3798331723
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
This thesis investigates the parameterized computational complexity of six classic graph problems lifted to a temporal setting. More specifically, we consider problems defined on temporal graphs, that is, a graph where the edge set may change over a discrete time interval, while the vertex set remains unchanged. Temporal graphs are well-suited to model dynamic data and hence they are naturally motivated in contexts where dynamic changes or time-dependent interactions play an important role, such as, for example, communication networks, social networks, or physical proximity networks. The most important selection criteria for our problems was that they are well-motivated in the context of dynamic data analysis. Since temporal graphs are mathematically more complex than static graphs, it is maybe not surprising that all problems we consider in this thesis are NP-hard. We focus on the development of exact algorithms, where our goal is to obtain fixed-parameter tractability results, and refined computational hardness reductions that either show NP-hardness for very restricted input instances or parameterized hardness with respect to “large” parameters. In the context of temporal graphs, we mostly consider structural parameters of the underlying graph, that is, the graph obtained by ignoring all time information. However, we also consider parameters of other types, such as ones trying to measure how fast the temporal graph changes over time. In the following we briefly discuss the problem setting and the main results. Restless Temporal Paths. A path in a temporal graph has to respect causality, or time, which means that the edges used by a temporal path have to appear at non-decreasing times. We investigate temporal paths that additionally have a maximum waiting time in every vertex of the temporal graph. Our main contributions are establishing NP-hardness for the problem of finding restless temporal paths even in very restricted cases, and showing W[1]-hardness with respect to the feedback vertex number of the underlying graph. Temporal Separators. A temporal separator is a vertex set that, when removed from the temporal graph, destroys all temporal paths between two dedicated vertices. Our contribution here is twofold: Firstly, we investigate the computational complexity of finding temporal separators in temporal unit interval graphs, a generalization of unit interval graphs to the temporal setting. We show that the problem is NP-hard on temporal unit interval graphs but we identify an additional restriction which makes the problem solvable in polynomial time. We use the latter result to develop a fixed-parameter algorithm with a “distance-to-triviality” parameterization. Secondly, we show that finding temporal separators that destroy all restless temporal paths is Σ-P-2-hard. Temporal Matchings. We introduce a model for matchings in temporal graphs, where, if two vertices are matched at some point in time, then they have to “recharge” afterwards, meaning that they cannot be matched again for a certain number of time steps. In our main result we employ temporal line graphs to show that finding matchings is NP-hard even on instances where the underlying graph is a path. Temporal Coloring. We lift the classic graph coloring problem to the temporal setting. In our model, every edge has to be colored properly (that is,the endpoints are colored differently) at least once in every time interval of a certain length. We show that this problem is NP-hard in very restricted cases, even if we only have two colors. We present simple exponential-time algorithms to solve this problem. As a main contribution, we show that these algorithms presumably cannot be improved significantly. Temporal Cliques and s-Plexes. We propose a model for temporal s-plexes that is a canonical generalization of an existing model for temporal cliques. Our main contribution is a fixed-parameter algorithm that enumerates all maximal temporal s-plexes in a given temporal graph, where we use a temporal adaptation of degeneracy as a parameter. Temporal Cluster Editing. We present a model for cluster editing in temporal graphs, where we want to edit all “layers” of a temporal graph into cluster graphs that are sufficiently similar. Our main contribution is a fixed-parameter algorithm with respect to the parameter “number of edge modifications” plus the “measure of similarity” of the resulting clusterings. We further show that there is an efficient preprocessing procedure that can provably reduce the size of the input instance to be independent of the number of vertices of the original input instance.
Author: Rolf Niedermeier
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 9780198566076
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
An application-oriented introduction to the highly topical area of the development and analysis of efficient fixed-parameter algorithms for hard problems. Aimed at graduate and research mathematicians, algorithm designers, and computer scientists, it provides a fresh view on this highly innovative field of algorithmic research.
Author: Frank Dehne
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 354028639X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Thecentralchallengeoftheoreticalcomputerscienceistodeploymathematicsin waysthatservethecreationofusefulalgorithms. Inrecentyearstherehasbeena growinginterest in the two-dimensionalframework of parameterizedcomplexity, where, in addition to the overall input size, one also considers a parameter,with a focus on how these two dimensions interact in problem complexity. This book presents the proceedings of the 1st InternationalWorkshopon - rameterized and Exact Computation (IWPEC 2004,http://www. iwpec. org), which took place in Bergen, Norway, on September 14-16, 2004. The workshop was organized as part of ALGO 2004. There were seven previous workshops on the theory and applications of parameterized complexity. The ?rst was - ganized at the Institute for the Mathematical Sciences in Chennai, India, in September, 2000. The second was held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in July, 2001. In December, 2002, a workshop on parameterized complexity was held in conjunction with the FST-TCS meeting in Kanpur, India. A second Dagstuhl workshop on parameterized complexity was held in July, 2003. Another wo- shoponthesubjectwasheldinOttawa,Canada,inAugust,2003,inconjunction with the WADS 2003 meeting. There have also been two Barbados workshops on applications of parameterized complexity. In response to the IWPEC 2004 call for papers, 47 papers were submitted, and from these the programcommittee selected 25 for presentation at the wo- shop. Inaddition,invitedlectureswereacceptedbythedistinguishedresearchers Michael Langston and Gerhard Woeginger.
