Author: Gianluca Castelnuovo
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889631494
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Pain Management in Clinical and Health Psychology, 2nd Edition
Author: Gianluca Castelnuovo
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889631494
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889631494
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Understanding Pain for Better Clinical Practice
Author: Steven James Linton
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0444515917
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
A comprehensive review of the current state of thinking and research in relation to the management of the psychological aspects of pain. Written in a style and at a level which is relevant and accessible to the practising clinician and also to students. Addresses the common clinical problems relating to the psychological aspects of pain management and gives practical guidance based on the latest research as to how those problems should be dealt with. Includes an appendix which may be used as a session manual by therapists using cognitive-behavioural therapy with groups for early intervention in pain management. May be used as a textbook as well as a clinical reference. Volume 16 in an established series conceived and commissioned by Sir Patrick Wall Written by probably the best known figure in the field of the psychological management of pain Clinically relevant and research based Written by a leading researcher who is also a practitioner and understands the problems and concerns of clinicians Fully up to the minute - based on the very latest research
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0444515917
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
A comprehensive review of the current state of thinking and research in relation to the management of the psychological aspects of pain. Written in a style and at a level which is relevant and accessible to the practising clinician and also to students. Addresses the common clinical problems relating to the psychological aspects of pain management and gives practical guidance based on the latest research as to how those problems should be dealt with. Includes an appendix which may be used as a session manual by therapists using cognitive-behavioural therapy with groups for early intervention in pain management. May be used as a textbook as well as a clinical reference. Volume 16 in an established series conceived and commissioned by Sir Patrick Wall Written by probably the best known figure in the field of the psychological management of pain Clinically relevant and research based Written by a leading researcher who is also a practitioner and understands the problems and concerns of clinicians Fully up to the minute - based on the very latest research
Psychological Treatment for Patients with Chronic Pain
Author: Beth Darnall
Publisher: Clinical Health Psychology
ISBN: 9781433829420
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Chronic pain is the most common long-term health condition in the United States. For the nearly 100 million Americans who struggle with this burden, the substantial risks of prescription opioid treatment have left many searching for safer, more effective alternatives. While multidisciplinary pain treatment programs can help, they are few in number--and few mental health practitioners receive adequate training in pain treatment. This book provides a comprehensive overview of treating patients with chronic pain, using evidence-based therapies. Taking a multidisciplinary approach that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and chronic pain self-management, Darnall shows mental health professionals how to utilize mindfulness interventions, hypnosis, and biofeedback, and also address comorbid problems such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Included are compelling case studies, and resources for clinical and patient training.
Publisher: Clinical Health Psychology
ISBN: 9781433829420
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Chronic pain is the most common long-term health condition in the United States. For the nearly 100 million Americans who struggle with this burden, the substantial risks of prescription opioid treatment have left many searching for safer, more effective alternatives. While multidisciplinary pain treatment programs can help, they are few in number--and few mental health practitioners receive adequate training in pain treatment. This book provides a comprehensive overview of treating patients with chronic pain, using evidence-based therapies. Taking a multidisciplinary approach that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and chronic pain self-management, Darnall shows mental health professionals how to utilize mindfulness interventions, hypnosis, and biofeedback, and also address comorbid problems such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Included are compelling case studies, and resources for clinical and patient training.
Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Pain
Author: Beverly E. Thorn
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462534759
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Book Description
This go-to manual--now revised and significantly expanded with more than 50% new material--has enabled thousands of clinicians to effectively treat clients with chronic pain. In the face of today's growing opioid crisis, pain self-management techniques are needed now more than ever. The volume shows how to implement 10 treatment modules that draw on proven cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) strategies. In a convenient large-size format, it includes 58 reproducible client handouts and assessment tools that purchasers can photocopy from the book or download and print from the companion website. The website also offers access to downloadable audio recordings of relaxation exercises narrated by the author, plus supplemental resources for treating clients with lower levels of literacy. New to This Edition *Incorporates over a decade of important advances in pain research and clinical practice. *Treatment modules that allow clients to enter a group at any point after an introductory session. *Expanded with motivational enhancement, relaxation, and mindfulness techniques. *Many new handouts, assessment tools, and therapist scripts, as well as audio downloads. *Orients and engages clients using state-of-the-art research on how the brain processes pain.
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462534759
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Book Description
This go-to manual--now revised and significantly expanded with more than 50% new material--has enabled thousands of clinicians to effectively treat clients with chronic pain. In the face of today's growing opioid crisis, pain self-management techniques are needed now more than ever. The volume shows how to implement 10 treatment modules that draw on proven cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) strategies. In a convenient large-size format, it includes 58 reproducible client handouts and assessment tools that purchasers can photocopy from the book or download and print from the companion website. The website also offers access to downloadable audio recordings of relaxation exercises narrated by the author, plus supplemental resources for treating clients with lower levels of literacy. New to This Edition *Incorporates over a decade of important advances in pain research and clinical practice. *Treatment modules that allow clients to enter a group at any point after an introductory session. *Expanded with motivational enhancement, relaxation, and mindfulness techniques. *Many new handouts, assessment tools, and therapist scripts, as well as audio downloads. *Orients and engages clients using state-of-the-art research on how the brain processes pain.
Clinical Health Psychology
Author: Amy Wachholtz
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781516537013
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
Innovative in approach and filling a gap in the current literature for mental health practice, Clinical Health Psychology: Integrating Medical Information for Improved Treatment Outcomes effectively marries research in medical science, neuropsychology, and clinical health psychology to provide cutting-edge, medically informed approaches to clinical health psychology treatment. Designed to help mental health professionals provide outstanding integrated care to their patients, the book helps readers understand medical terminology, as well as how medical conditions affect patients' cognitive and emotional status. The text convenes scholarly voices and contemporary research from a variety of experts within the disciplines of physiology, neurology, neuropsychology, psychology, and pharmacology. It addresses the impact of medical psychophysiology on the brain to help practitioners better optimize psychotherapy treatment options. Additionally, readers learn new ways to select and modify existing communication approaches and psychological treatments to meet patients' individual needs. The chapters are laid out by major systems in the body and address normal physiological function, key disruptions from major illnesses or injuries, and the emotional and cognitive impact of these disruptions. Clinical Health Psychology is an excellent resource for both future and practicing mental and physical health providers. Amy Wachholtz, Ph.D., M.Div., M.S. is an associate professor of psychology at the University of Colorado Denver, where she is the director of the clinical health psychology Ph.D. program. Her research and clinical interests focus on the bio-psycho-social-spiritual model of medical disorders and the complexities of treating of co-morbid pain and opioid addiction in both acute pain and chronic pain situations. She enjoys teaching students from a wide variety of disciplines in classrooms, clinical situations, and research settings at the University of Colorado Denver and the University of Colorado Medical Center.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781516537013
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
Innovative in approach and filling a gap in the current literature for mental health practice, Clinical Health Psychology: Integrating Medical Information for Improved Treatment Outcomes effectively marries research in medical science, neuropsychology, and clinical health psychology to provide cutting-edge, medically informed approaches to clinical health psychology treatment. Designed to help mental health professionals provide outstanding integrated care to their patients, the book helps readers understand medical terminology, as well as how medical conditions affect patients' cognitive and emotional status. The text convenes scholarly voices and contemporary research from a variety of experts within the disciplines of physiology, neurology, neuropsychology, psychology, and pharmacology. It addresses the impact of medical psychophysiology on the brain to help practitioners better optimize psychotherapy treatment options. Additionally, readers learn new ways to select and modify existing communication approaches and psychological treatments to meet patients' individual needs. The chapters are laid out by major systems in the body and address normal physiological function, key disruptions from major illnesses or injuries, and the emotional and cognitive impact of these disruptions. Clinical Health Psychology is an excellent resource for both future and practicing mental and physical health providers. Amy Wachholtz, Ph.D., M.Div., M.S. is an associate professor of psychology at the University of Colorado Denver, where she is the director of the clinical health psychology Ph.D. program. Her research and clinical interests focus on the bio-psycho-social-spiritual model of medical disorders and the complexities of treating of co-morbid pain and opioid addiction in both acute pain and chronic pain situations. She enjoys teaching students from a wide variety of disciplines in classrooms, clinical situations, and research settings at the University of Colorado Denver and the University of Colorado Medical Center.
Clinical Hypnosis for Pain Control
Author: David R. Patterson
Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN: 9781433807688
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 275
Book Description
This is the most important volume on hypnosis and pain since the 1970s. It is a must-have for practitioners and researchers.---Arreed Barabasz, PhD, ABPP, Professor and Editor, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis; author of Hypnotherapeutic Techniques, Second Edition; and Editor of Medical Hypnosis Primer: Clinical and Research Evidence The strain in pain lies mainly in the brain. Patterson shows us how to take advantage of that fact in clear and evidence-based language. If you want to add hypnotic analgesia to your set of psychotherapeutic skills painlessly, read this book. Your patients will thank you.---David Spiegel, MD, Willson Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; coauthor of Trance and Treatment: Clinical Uses of Hypnosis Today, hypnosis and hypnotic phenomena are in the mainstream of clinical, cognitive, and social psychology, and practitioners can benefit from a wealth of research to guide their interventions. In this second edition of a landmark book, Lynn, Rhue, and Kirsch have undertaken a significant revision to their classic text, first published over 15 years ago. Through session transcripts, illustrative case examples, and step-by-step procedures, this highly readable volume explores the benefits of incorporating hypnotic methods into treatment plans for such common disorders and conditions as anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, pain and medical conditions, smoking, and eating disorders. This book lays out an empirically documented program for treating patients experiencing acute and chronic pain, two of the most common symptoms in modern society. Going beyond traditional biomedical remedies, Gatchel offers a comprehensive viewpoint that takes into consideration not only biological but also psychological and social variables. Clinical Hypnosis for Pain Control is a compelling argument for the use of hypnotic analgesia as a viable alternative to psychopharmacological interventions for controlling acute, chronic, and postoperative pain, as well as pain from nonsurgical procedures. Yet clinical hypnosis is not an "alternative" medicine, Patterson argues; rather, it is an innovative way of using a patient's subconscious resources to distract, dislocate, or reduce pain in a variety of clinical settings---from the ER to the hospital's rehabilitation wing. As the staff psychologist at a bum center, Patterson draws on his experiences---and many hypnotic inductions---in helping patients deal both with severe pain and with other types of acute and chronic pain, such as headaches, fibromyalgia, cancer, and neuropathy. Written for a general clinical audience---but particularly for pain specialists---this volume also provides a masterful survey of the different types of pain as well as a variety of easy-to-follow induction examples (with instructive commentary) for the major types of pain syndromes. The book is also an excellent resource for students and researchers who want to explore hypnotic analgesia's scientific basis and its growing acceptance as an evidence-based practice. In the penultimate chapter, Patterson outlines a groundbreaking approach of combining brief counseling techniques and Ericksonian hypnosis for long-term pain management.
Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN: 9781433807688
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 275
Book Description
This is the most important volume on hypnosis and pain since the 1970s. It is a must-have for practitioners and researchers.---Arreed Barabasz, PhD, ABPP, Professor and Editor, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis; author of Hypnotherapeutic Techniques, Second Edition; and Editor of Medical Hypnosis Primer: Clinical and Research Evidence The strain in pain lies mainly in the brain. Patterson shows us how to take advantage of that fact in clear and evidence-based language. If you want to add hypnotic analgesia to your set of psychotherapeutic skills painlessly, read this book. Your patients will thank you.---David Spiegel, MD, Willson Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; coauthor of Trance and Treatment: Clinical Uses of Hypnosis Today, hypnosis and hypnotic phenomena are in the mainstream of clinical, cognitive, and social psychology, and practitioners can benefit from a wealth of research to guide their interventions. In this second edition of a landmark book, Lynn, Rhue, and Kirsch have undertaken a significant revision to their classic text, first published over 15 years ago. Through session transcripts, illustrative case examples, and step-by-step procedures, this highly readable volume explores the benefits of incorporating hypnotic methods into treatment plans for such common disorders and conditions as anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, pain and medical conditions, smoking, and eating disorders. This book lays out an empirically documented program for treating patients experiencing acute and chronic pain, two of the most common symptoms in modern society. Going beyond traditional biomedical remedies, Gatchel offers a comprehensive viewpoint that takes into consideration not only biological but also psychological and social variables. Clinical Hypnosis for Pain Control is a compelling argument for the use of hypnotic analgesia as a viable alternative to psychopharmacological interventions for controlling acute, chronic, and postoperative pain, as well as pain from nonsurgical procedures. Yet clinical hypnosis is not an "alternative" medicine, Patterson argues; rather, it is an innovative way of using a patient's subconscious resources to distract, dislocate, or reduce pain in a variety of clinical settings---from the ER to the hospital's rehabilitation wing. As the staff psychologist at a bum center, Patterson draws on his experiences---and many hypnotic inductions---in helping patients deal both with severe pain and with other types of acute and chronic pain, such as headaches, fibromyalgia, cancer, and neuropathy. Written for a general clinical audience---but particularly for pain specialists---this volume also provides a masterful survey of the different types of pain as well as a variety of easy-to-follow induction examples (with instructive commentary) for the major types of pain syndromes. The book is also an excellent resource for students and researchers who want to explore hypnotic analgesia's scientific basis and its growing acceptance as an evidence-based practice. In the penultimate chapter, Patterson outlines a groundbreaking approach of combining brief counseling techniques and Ericksonian hypnosis for long-term pain management.
Clinical Pain Management Second Edition: Practice and Procedures
Author: Harald Breivik
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0340940069
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 743
Book Description
Largely reorganised and much expanded in this second edition, Practice and Procedures brings together in a single volume general methods of pain assessment and presents the wide range of therapies that can be provided by a range of health care disciplines. Authored by a multidisciplinary team of experts, chapters can stand alone for readers looking for a general overview of the methods of techniques for pain management available to them or work to complement chapters in the preceeding three volumes, providing practical procedures and applications in the management of acute, chronic and cancer pain. The book is divided into three parts. Part One covers the principles of measurement and diagnosis, including history taking and examination, the selection of pain measures, diagnostic tests and novel imaging techniques. Part Two discusses the full range of therapeutic protocols available, from pharmacological therapies, through psychological techniques, physical therapy and international procedures, to techniques specific to pain assessment and management in paediatric patients. Part Three provides information on planning, conducting, analysing and publishing clinical trials, with invaluable guidance on the techniques of systematic review and meta-analysis in pain research. Part Four considers the role of multidisciplinary pain management teams, their organization, their place within different health care systems, and how best to manage change when implementing such a service. Part Five concludes the volume, investigating the use of guidelines, standards and quality improvement initiatives in the management of post-operative pain, and discussing the expert medicolegal report.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0340940069
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 743
Book Description
Largely reorganised and much expanded in this second edition, Practice and Procedures brings together in a single volume general methods of pain assessment and presents the wide range of therapies that can be provided by a range of health care disciplines. Authored by a multidisciplinary team of experts, chapters can stand alone for readers looking for a general overview of the methods of techniques for pain management available to them or work to complement chapters in the preceeding three volumes, providing practical procedures and applications in the management of acute, chronic and cancer pain. The book is divided into three parts. Part One covers the principles of measurement and diagnosis, including history taking and examination, the selection of pain measures, diagnostic tests and novel imaging techniques. Part Two discusses the full range of therapeutic protocols available, from pharmacological therapies, through psychological techniques, physical therapy and international procedures, to techniques specific to pain assessment and management in paediatric patients. Part Three provides information on planning, conducting, analysing and publishing clinical trials, with invaluable guidance on the techniques of systematic review and meta-analysis in pain research. Part Four considers the role of multidisciplinary pain management teams, their organization, their place within different health care systems, and how best to manage change when implementing such a service. Part Five concludes the volume, investigating the use of guidelines, standards and quality improvement initiatives in the management of post-operative pain, and discussing the expert medicolegal report.
The Back Pain Revolution
Author: Gordon Waddell
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702043257
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 685
Book Description
Accessible to all health care professionals, this text provides a guide to understanding and managing back pain and is one of the premier examples of a biopsychosocial approach to medicine. The content challenges unsubstantiated beliefs regarding the best way to treat and manage back pain and presents an interdisciplinary debate on the subject. In a society where patients are demanding more effective approaches to their problems, this resource offers a radical rethink, a necessary step to achieving a more effective method of treatment. The unorthodox spirit of this material places this book at the center of the revolution taking place in the back pain area. - Gordon Waddell is the world authority on the topic of the back pain revolution. - The content addresses huge problems of concern to many disciplines and governments. - The unbiased, open-minded view looks at the issues and the evidence and invites the readers to consider, debate, and agree on the best course of action. - Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the problem offers both interventionist and conservative approaches to treatment, psychosocial issues, economic factors, patient education, and prevention. - New chapter on Occupational Health Guidelines involving new co-author - Chapters on Social Interactions and A New Clinical Model both completely rewritten - Chapters on Clinical Guidelines and Information and Advice for Patients both completely rewritten with new co-authors - Major new research findings incorporated throughout - The 'message', the size of the book, the overall style, and the target audience are be unchanged from the successful first edition. - The simple style and readability of the first edition has been carefully maintained.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702043257
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 685
Book Description
Accessible to all health care professionals, this text provides a guide to understanding and managing back pain and is one of the premier examples of a biopsychosocial approach to medicine. The content challenges unsubstantiated beliefs regarding the best way to treat and manage back pain and presents an interdisciplinary debate on the subject. In a society where patients are demanding more effective approaches to their problems, this resource offers a radical rethink, a necessary step to achieving a more effective method of treatment. The unorthodox spirit of this material places this book at the center of the revolution taking place in the back pain area. - Gordon Waddell is the world authority on the topic of the back pain revolution. - The content addresses huge problems of concern to many disciplines and governments. - The unbiased, open-minded view looks at the issues and the evidence and invites the readers to consider, debate, and agree on the best course of action. - Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the problem offers both interventionist and conservative approaches to treatment, psychosocial issues, economic factors, patient education, and prevention. - New chapter on Occupational Health Guidelines involving new co-author - Chapters on Social Interactions and A New Clinical Model both completely rewritten - Chapters on Clinical Guidelines and Information and Advice for Patients both completely rewritten with new co-authors - Major new research findings incorporated throughout - The 'message', the size of the book, the overall style, and the target audience are be unchanged from the successful first edition. - The simple style and readability of the first edition has been carefully maintained.
Comprehensive Handbook of Clinical Health Psychology
Author: Bret A Boyer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470179710
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
Bringing together an international group of experts from across all health-related disciplines, Comprehensive Handbook of Clinical Health Psychology bridges the gap between health psychology and medicine to provide you with the up-to-date and relevant information and strategies you need to address both the physical and mental health care needs of your clients. Written in an accessible, reader-friendly manner, this reference covers the conditions and trends that have become most prevalent in the field of health psychology today.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470179710
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
Bringing together an international group of experts from across all health-related disciplines, Comprehensive Handbook of Clinical Health Psychology bridges the gap between health psychology and medicine to provide you with the up-to-date and relevant information and strategies you need to address both the physical and mental health care needs of your clients. Written in an accessible, reader-friendly manner, this reference covers the conditions and trends that have become most prevalent in the field of health psychology today.
Formulation and Treatment in Clinical Health Psychology
Author: Ana V. Nikcevic
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135452075
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
How do clinicians select appropriate treatment strategies to match their clients' needs? Formulation and Treatment in Clinical Health Psychology brings together leading experts in the fields of clinical health psychology and behavioural medicine with the aim of illustrating the formulation and treatment design procedures which they employ in their specialist areas. Each chapter covers the key biopsychosocial parameters, assessment modalities, empirically based treatment strategies and formulation procedures for specific problems. Areas covered include: cognitive-behavioural case formulation in the treatment of alcohol problems psychological treatment of hypertension cognitive therapy for irritable bowel syndrome miscarriage: conceptualisation and treatment of the psychological sequelae. Case studies are employed throughout to demonstrate a link between case formulation, treatment planning and outcome. The practical guidance provided in this volume will prove invaluable for all practising clinicians working in the context of health-related problems.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135452075
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
How do clinicians select appropriate treatment strategies to match their clients' needs? Formulation and Treatment in Clinical Health Psychology brings together leading experts in the fields of clinical health psychology and behavioural medicine with the aim of illustrating the formulation and treatment design procedures which they employ in their specialist areas. Each chapter covers the key biopsychosocial parameters, assessment modalities, empirically based treatment strategies and formulation procedures for specific problems. Areas covered include: cognitive-behavioural case formulation in the treatment of alcohol problems psychological treatment of hypertension cognitive therapy for irritable bowel syndrome miscarriage: conceptualisation and treatment of the psychological sequelae. Case studies are employed throughout to demonstrate a link between case formulation, treatment planning and outcome. The practical guidance provided in this volume will prove invaluable for all practising clinicians working in the context of health-related problems.