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Author: Derek Chadwick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Many different pathological conditions are currently under investigation as therapeutic targets of purines including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, behavioural disorders, inflammation, immunoregulation, and neuroendocrine function. This book draws together research on all aspects of P2 purinoceptors and discusses their use in different therapeutic areas.
Author: Robson Faria
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789845343
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
This book aims to provide a brief update on the functions of purinergic receptors in various systems, in addition to the signaling pathway activated to mediate these functions. We address the influence of hypoxia by modulating the activity of these receptors under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, we describe the mechanisms of induction of pain and inflammation in different systems. Finally, the book discusses some of the main bioinformatics tools currently used to improve or discover new prototypes capable of selectively acting on these receptors with estimated parameters of satisfactory solubility and toxicity for possible commercial implementation.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123855330
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
This is an overview of the fast-moving field of purinergic signalling through adenosine and ATP receptors. - Authors are the leading authorities in their fields - Subject matter is important for understanding tissue protection - Subject matter is of intense interest for new drug development
Author: Geoffrey Burnstock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642288634
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 724
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Book Description
In the first 20 years that followed the purinergic signalling hypothesis in 1972, most scientists were sceptical about its validity, largely because ATP was so well established as an intracellular molecule involved in cell biochemistry and it seemed unlikely that such a ubiquitous molecule would act as an extracellular signalling molecule. However, after the receptors for ATP and adenosine were cloned and characterized in the early 1990s and ATP was established as a synaptic transmitter in the brain and sympathetic ganglia, the tide turned. More recently it has become clear that ATP is involved in long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death, in development and regeneration, as well as in short-term signalling in neurotransmission and secretion. Also, important papers have been published showing the molecular structure of P2X receptors in primitive animals like Amoeba and Schistosoma, as well as green algae. This has led to the recognition of the widespread nature of the purinergic signalling system in most cell types and to a rapid expansion of the field, including studies of the pathophysiology as well as physiology and exploration of the therapeutic potential of purinergic agents. In two books, Geoffrey Burnstock and Alexej Verkhratsky have aimed at drawing together the massive and diverse body of literature on purinergic signalling. The topic of this first book is purinergic signalling in the peripheral and central nervous systems and in the individual senses. In a second book the authors focus on purinergic signalling in non-excitable cells, including those of the airways, kidney, pancreas, endocrine glands and blood vessels. Diseases related to these systems are also considered.
Author: Edward Bittar
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080528740
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
This volume illustrates the extent to which the traditional distinction between biochemical and physiological processes is being obliterated by molecular biology. It can hardly be doubted that the revolution in cell and molecular biology is leading to core knowledge that provides an outline of the integrative and reductionist approach. We view this as the beginning of a new era, that of the integration of learning.As in the preceding volumes, the choice of topics has been deliberate not only because of the need to keep the volume within reasonable bounds but also because of the need to avoid information over-load. Several relevant topics are dealt with in other modules; for example, the role of G proteins in transmembrane signalling is covered in the Membranes and Cell Signalling module (i.e., Volume 7). Omissions are of course inevitable but they are minor. A case in point is the subject of phosphatases, the treatment of which does not take into account calcineurin. One of the key functions of this Ca2+ -activated protein phosphatase that is also regulated by calmodulin is to desphosphorylate voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The mere recognition of such omissions before or after consulting textbooks and journals should be a spur to a more complete discussion by the student of the subject in a small group teaching setting.
Author: G. Burnstock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400958161
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Fifty-odd years have elapsed since the first observation of the response of visceral smooth muscle to an adenine nucleotide was reported by Drury and Szent Gyorgi (1929). It is now known that purinergic receptors mediating responses to adenosine and the adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP and ATP) are present in all types of visceral smooth muscle. Adenine itself and other endogenous purine derivatives appear to have no direct effects, or only minimal effects, on most visceral smooth muscles. Airway smooth muscle is an exception in this regard, and responds to purine bases and non-adenine nucleosides and nucleotides. Knowledge of the distribution of purinergic receptor sites on the plasma membrane of visceral musculature has grown particularly rapidly since Burnstock and his colleagues (1970) proposed that ATP, or a related adenine derivative, is the inhibitory transmitter released from non cholinergic non-adrenergic nerves present in the gut. Much evidence has been presented favoring the view that ATP is the inhibitory transmitter, and evidence to the contrary has also been put forward. The hypothesis remains controversial primarily because specific blockers of the postsynaptic purinergic site, with which the hypothesis might be tested, have not been found. Nevertheless, the numerous studies designed to investigate the purinergic nerve hypothesis have generated much information concerning the nature of the purinergic receptors in visceral smooth muscle.
Author: Kenneth A. Jacobson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146123400X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Research on purine derivatives as potent and selective modulators of physiologic functions has moved to center stage. This volume covers the biology and chemistry of purines and of their receptors broadly under these section headings: - Adenosine Receptors and Effector Systems - Adenine Nucleotide Receptors and Effector Systems - Phosphodiesterase Enzymes and Inhibitors The presentations focus on the potential development of clinically useful drugs and powerful agents that activate or block purinergic receptors or that inhibit phosphodiesterases. Xanthines (caffeine and theophylline) represent one class of such agents. This volume is for pharmacologists, biochemists, and medical chemists in research labs of universities, gov- ernment, and the pharmaceutical industry.
Author: Geoffrey Burnstock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461556031
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Following many years when a great deal of attention was directed towards the intracellular roles of purines, there is expanding interest in the field of extracellular purinergic signalling. In this book we focus on the actions of purines in cardiovascular biology, where it is clear that they play major roles in both normal and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of different purinoceptor subtypes by purines can regulate cardiac contractility and electrical activity, modulate catecholamine-mediated responses both pre- and post-junctionally, trigger and mediate ischaemic preconditioning, cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction and enhance endothelial proliferation and apoptosis as well as inhibit platelet and neutrophil function. This book covers the cardiovascular actions mediated by the major P1 and P2 subclasses of purinoceptors and emphasizes the interactions between these two signalling systems. Cardiovascular Biology of Purines covers topics ranging from molecular and cellular to systemic and clinical. It also aims to highlight how basic advances have led to the identification of novel targets for cardiovascular therapeutic developments. We hope that our book will prove to be timely and helpful.
Author: J. Catravas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468485326
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
Beyond their obvious role of a barrier between blood and tissue, vascular endothelial cells are now firmly established as active and essential participants in a host of crucial physiological and pathophysiological functions. Probably the two most important factors responsible for promoting the current knowledge of endothelial functions are 1) observations in the late sixties-early seventies that many non-ventilatory properties of the lung could be attributed to the pulmonary endothelium and 2) the establishment, in the early and mid-seventies of procedures for routine culture of vascular endothelial cells. Many of these endothelial functions require the presence of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane. There is now evidence for the existence among others of muscarinic, a-and /3-adrenergic, purine, insulin, histamine, bradykinin, lipoprotein, thrombin, paf, fibronectin, vitronectin, interleukin and albumin receptors. For some of these ligands, there is evidence only for the existence of endothelial binding sites. Traditionally, agonist binding must elicit a response for the binding site to be considered a receptor and, in some cases, the nature of the response resulting from the interaction of a substance with the endothelium remains unclear. It is beyond the scope of this introduction to even enumerate the various endothelial homeostatic processes. This monograph contains the proceedings of the Advanced Studies Institute on "Vascular Endothelium: Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms" held in Porto Carras, Greece from June 18-29, 1988.
Author: Dario Giardina
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080545017
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Perspectives in Receptor Research
Author: Franz von Bruchhausen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642606393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 771
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Book Description
Platelets playa fundamental, life-saving role in hemostasis and blood clotting at sites of vascular injury. Unwanted platelet activation and arterial thombus formation are, however, implicated in the onset of myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. Acceptance that platelets play a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including coronary heart disease has revolutionized the pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and aspirin is now an essential antiplatelet drug and the golden standard for future developments. Yet the search for better and perhaps safer antiplatelet drugs is one of the most active areas of investigation in both basic and clinical research. Platelets, especially human platelets, have also emerged as one of the major models for the study of inter- and intracellular signal transduction pathways. Many biochemists, cell biologists, pharmacologists, pathologists, hematologists, and cardiologists find platelets useful for studying processes such as adhesion, inside-out and outside-in signalling through the plasma membrane, channels, calcium homeostasis, protein kinases, the network of intracellular signal transduction cascades, and the release of vasoactive substances. The aim of the editors has been to compile chapters summarizing the current state-of-the-art information on the biochemistry, cell biology, pharmacology, and physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of human platelets. We hope that this volume represents the major aspects of current platelet research although it is perhaps inevitable that certain areas are covered less thoroughly than others. We would like to acknowledge the excellent help and support of the Springer-Verlag staff, in particular that of Ms. Doris Walker.
