Author: Yusaku Tagashira
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781468450309
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book is one of a GANN Monograph on Cancer Research series and is based on a Japanese Cancer Association-sponsored symposium entitled "Multiplicity of Chemical Carcinogen-Activating Enzymes· with Particular Emphasis on Cytochrome P-450" which was held in Tokyo on November 21, 1983. The principal role of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in the metabolic activation of various chemical carcinogens in animal cells has been well established. The activated chemical carcinogens induce mutations of the cells, which is an essential part of the initiation of chemical carcinogenesis. Since microsomal cytochrome P-450 in various animal tissues includes multiple molecular species with different substrate specificities and different responses to chemical inducers, knowledge of the molecular and catalytic properties and the inducibilities of those cytochrome P-450 forms is surely a most important base from which to elucidate the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis. The focus of the symposium was this area of molecular diversity and inducibility of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in animal tissues. The mechanism of activation of various types of chemical carcinogens by cytochrome P-450 and related enzymes was another main topic. The editors, who were also the symposium organizers, hope these summaries of current research in this field in Japan will stimulate future development of studies on the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis.
Author: Costas Ioannides
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1847558429
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
During half a century, cytochrome P450 in its original uniqueness as an optically "wrong" cytochrome has attracted many investigators, who have contributed to the unveiling of a bewildering multiplicity of biologically important functions of the, by now very large, superfamily of cytochrome P 450 enzymes. With its discovery in 1958 and with the advent of more refined spectroscopic methodologies, through the double wavelength spectrophotometry, the mysterious enzyme system began to reveal its secrets in a swift stream of investigative successes. As one of the most extensively studied enzyme systems worldwide the interest in cytochromes P450 very much reflects its importance in the elimination of drugs and other chemicals from the body and its role in chemical toxicity and in the aetiology of diseases such as cancer. There has been significant progress in research in this area in recent years and current books on this subject are now out of date. This much needed, new, fully up-to-date publication fills this gap and emphasises the new relevant topics that have emerged during the last decade in an easily accessible manner. The enzyme system, cytochromes P450, comprises a number of families/subfamilies, and the focus of the book is to deal with each individually, furnishing information directly relevant to scientists involved in the development of chemicals, in particular in the evaluation of their safety. The book has contributions from internationally respected scientists who are research-active in the relevant areas. The authors have made extensive use of figures and tables so that the reader can access the necessary information without always having to read the text. In addition, a very extensive, user-friendly index is a unique hallmark of the book. Part A of this monograph introduces the reader to the current knowledge of the evolutionary development of cytochrome P450 structure and function. Furthermore, it deals with the role of this enzyme in the formation of reactive intermediates. The shrewd and extensive utilisation of the molecular biology methodology very rapidly led to a vast body of enzymes calling for a classification of the plethora of different cytochromes P450 (the superfamily) into families and subfamilies. This is aptly exemplified by the ten chapters in Part B of this book, dealing with ten subfamilies and two families of cytochrome P450. Part C offers an insight into another aspect of cytochrome P450 research, namely its regulation through receptor-mediated stimuli - as opposed to enzyme induction or inhibition. The final chapter translates the current data on one of several drug metabolising systems into clinical application and highlights the role of cytochromes P450 in the treatment of neoplastic growth. The book deals extensively with each family/subfamily of the cytochromes P450 that contribute to the metabolism of xenobiotics. Essential and invaluable information is provided for the industrial research scientist working with fine chemicals, and especially those in the pharmaceutical industry, dealing with the safety evaluation of chemicals or being involved in the study of their metabolism, pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties. It should also prove of interest to Regulators concerned with the safety evaluation of chemicals, research pharmacologists and toxicologists, and postgraduate students studying drug metabolism and toxicology at an advanced level.
Author:
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642747752
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 617
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Book Description
I have been privileged to witness and participate in the great growth of knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis since 1939 when I entered graduate school in biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin Madison. I immediately started to work with the carcinogenic aminoazo dyes un der the direction of Professor CARL BAUMANN. In 1942 I joined a fellow graduate student, ELIZABE1H CAVERT, in marriage and we soon commenced a joyous part nership in research on chemical carcinogenesis at the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research in the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison. This collaboration lasted 45 years. I am very grateful that this volume is dedi cated to the memory of Elizabeth. The important and varied topics that are reviewed here attest to the continued growth of the fields of chemical car cinogenesis and mutagenesis, including their recent and fruitful union with viral oncology. I feel very optimistic about the application of knowledge in these fields to the eventual solution of numerous problems, including the detection and estimation of the risks to humans of environmental chemical carcinogens and re lated factors.
Author: D. E. Hathway
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483192466
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Mechanisms of Chemical Carcinogenesis provides information pertinent to the fundamental mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. This book surveys the interactions of chemical carcinogens with native DNA, the activation of normal cellular sequences, and the transforming role of the activated genes. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the relationship between the incidence of lung cancer and the frequency and duration of cigarette smoking. This text then examines the concept that carcinogens may require metabolic activation before they initiate carcinogenesis. Other chapters consider the structure of the nucleoside adducts resulting from the hydrolysis of salmon-sperm DNA and rat-liver ribosomal RNA. This book discusses as well the persistence of nucleoside analogues in target-tissue nucleic acid. The final chapter deals with mutational theory. This book is a valuable resource for workers involved with cancer research, toxicology, and molecular biology. Specialists in drug development, industrial hygiene and occupational medicine will also find this book useful.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128031204
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Cytochrome P450 Function and Pharmacological Roles in Inflammation and Cancer, the latest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents not only the function of cytochrome P450 but also its pharmacological roles in inflammation and cancer. - Contains contributions from the best authors in the field - Ideal reference for those conducting research in cancer, inflammation, cytochrome P450, metabolism, liver disease, and oxidative stress - Provides an essential resource for pharmacologists, immunologists, and biochemists
Author: Minor Coon
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323143873
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 655
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Book Description
Microsomes, Drug Oxidations, and Chemical Carcinogenesis, Volume II, documents the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations held in Ann Arbor, July 1979. The symposium reviewed progress in the understanding of scientific and biomedical problems from a biochemical, biophysical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective. Volume I contained 117 contributions made by researchers at the symposium, which were organized into three sections (Sections I-III). This second volume contains 122 contributions, divided into four sections (Sections IV-VII). The papers on Section IV examine the metabolic fate of oxygenated compounds. Section V provides studies on microsomal enzymes and lipid metabolism. Section VI includes papers on microsomal enzymes and toxicity of foreign compounds. Section VII covers microsomal enzymes and chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. This book seeks to aid future progress in understanding the complexities of metabolic transformations by these versatile enzyme systems that act on physiologically important lipids as well as on a wide array of foreign substances, including drugs, anesthetics, industrial chemicals, food additives, pesticides, carcinogens, and nonnutrient dietary chemicals.
Author: Andreas Luch
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1783260874
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
This book provides an overview on the molecular mode of action of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are by-products arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter that are frequently released into our environment, and thus are ubiquitously detectable. Many PAHs are strong carcinogens in rodent bioassays and have been linked to increased incidences of various types of cancer in humans. The present book covers all aspects of PAH-induced carcinogenesis; it is a collection of articles written by some of the most recognizable PAH researchers, reviewing the present knowledge in this field. The topics include: exposure to and biomonitoring of PAHs in the human population; metabolic activation of PAHs; genotoxicity and repair of PAH-induced DNA damage; and factors modulating individual susceptibility to the deleterious effects of PAHs.
Author: Costas Ioannides
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781439810705
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Cytochromes P450: Metabolic and Toxicological Aspects examines cytochrome P450 proteins and their role in toxicity/carcinogenicity and the metabolism of foreign chemicals. Studying the function of these proteins enables us to: Predict the pathways and outcome of chemical metabolism to rationalize species, sex, and age differences in toxicity Anticipate drug interactions Modify doses to fit the needs of patients Contributions from internationally acknowledged experts are organized into three sections. The first section provides an overview, the next profiles each of the cytochrome P450 families and subfamilies involved in chemical metabolism, and the last section discusses new issues and developments of current interest. This detailed and thorough examination of cytochrome P450 will be a useful source for research scientists, especially those working in the pharmaceutical industry, dealing with the safety evaluation of chemicals and the study of their metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological properties.
Author: Minor Coon
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323144098
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 645
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Book Description
Microsomes, Drug Oxidations, and Chemical Carcinogenesis, Volume I, documents the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations held in Ann Arbor, July 1979. The symposium reviewed progress in the understanding of scientific and biomedical problems from a biochemical, biophysical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective. The book contains 117 contributions made by researchers at the symposium, which are organized into three sections. The papers in Section I focus on the chemical and physical characteristics of cytochrome P-450. Section II examines the mechanisms of action of cytochrome P-450 and related enzymes. The studies in Section III deal with the influence of membrane structure and protein synthesis on electron transfer components. This book seeks to aid future progress in understanding the complexities of metabolic transformations by these versatile enzyme systems that act on physiologically important lipids as well as on a wide array of foreign substances, including drugs, anesthetics, industrial chemicals, food additives, pesticides, carcinogens, and nonnutrient dietary chemicals.
Author: R. Colin Garner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146130539X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
