Oxidative Coupling of Methane on Samaria and on Mixed Oxide Catalysts PDF Download
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Author: Hamzah b Abd Hamid
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Hamzah b Abd Hamid
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Tommy K.M.* Chan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Author: Wolf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401574499
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Author: Trenton W. Elkins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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The alkali doped TbOx/n-MgO catalysts. The Li-TbOx/n-MgO catalyst was found to be more active and stable than supported samaria based catalysts, which is an incredible result. Furthermore, the deactivation associated with lithium doped catalysts was greatly reduced for our coimpregnated lithium containing catalyst and the Na-TbOx/n-MgO catalyst shows minimal deactivation under the same reaction conditions and is the most productive REO containing catalyst discovered in literature when considering production levels with long times on stream.
Author: Robert Lawrence Tatterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: Eduardo E. Wolf
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 566
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Book Description
A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Author: Bahman Zohour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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The goal of this research is to explore novel catalytic material and systems for effective conversion of C1 feed. Catalysis of C1 chemistry is of critical importance for the clean production of fuels and chemicals and future energy sustainability. Herein, two processes were studied: In the first section, a comprehensive study of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) using novel nanofiber catalysts of mixed metal oxides was undertaken and in the second section, direct catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol was studied, which resulted in discovery of a superior catalytic system for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Section 1: Utilization of natural gas as an alternate chemical feedstock to petroleum has been a highly desirable but difficult goal in industrial catalysis. Accordingly, there has been a substantial interest in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), which allows for the direct catalytic conversion of methane into economically valuable C2+ hydrocarbons. OCM is a complex reaction process involving heterogeneous catalysis intricately coupled with gas phase reactions; hence, despite decades' worth of research, it has yet to be commercialized. The lack of progress in OCM is primarily due to the following reasons: 1. The absence of a highly active and robust catalyst that can operate at lower temperatures; and 2. Our inadequate understanding of the underlying detailed chemical kinetics mechanism (DCKM) of the OCM process, which impedes the undertaking of quantitative simulations of novel reactor configurations and/or operating strategies. To address these issues, we undertook the following program of studies: 1. Further improved the synthesis of novel nanofiber catalysts by electrospinning, building on the early discovery that La2O3-CeO2 nanofibers were highly active and robust OCM catalysts; 2. Applied our novel microprobe sampling system to OCM reactors for the acquisition of spatially resolved species concentration and temperatures profiles within the catalytic zone. Our novel sampling approach led to the important discovery that H2 is produced very early in the OCM catalytic zone, an observation that was completely missed in all prior studies. The application of our novel microprobe system to a dual-bed OCM reactor also demonstrated the feasibility to significantly improve C2+ product yields to 21% (from 16% for single bed) which we plan to further improve by considering more sequential beds; 3. Outlined development and validation of new generation of DCKM for the OCM process using the high-information content of spatial concentration profiles obtained in part 2. Most importantly, to improve the current DCKM literature by considering surface reactions that result in early H2 formation. Validated DCKM represent highly valuable numerical tools that allow for the prediction of the OCM performance of different reactor configurations operating under a broad range of conditions, e.g. high pressures, porous wall reactors etc. Consequently, this new generation of comprehensive DCKM based on the sampling profiles, detailed in this report, will be of considerable use in improving the yields of useful products in the OCM process; 4. Explore novel conditions that include oxygen-feed distributed packed bed OCM reactors and coupled catalytic and non-thermal plasma OCM reactors, again to further push the yields for useful C2+ products. The details of the proposed approach for implementing such reactor configurations and development of a new generation of DCKM for the OCM process is outlined in the future work, Chapter 4, of section 1 of the report. Section 2: Direct catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels and basic chemicals, such as methanol, using solar-derived hydrogen at or near ambient pressure is a highly desirable goal in heterogeneous catalysis. When realized, this technology will pave the way for a sustainable society together with decentralized power generation. Here we report a novel class of holmium (Ho) containing multi-metal oxide Cu catalysts discovered through the application of high-throughput methods. In particular, ternary systems of Cu-GaOx-HoOy > Cu-CeOx-HoOy ~ Cu-LaOx-HoOy supported on -Al2O3 exhibited superior methanol production (10x) with less CO formation than previously reported catalysts at atmospheric pressure. Holmium was shown to be highly dispersed as few-atom clusters, suggesting that the formation of tri-metallic sites could be the key for the promotion of methanol synthesis by Ho.
Author: Jacinto Sa
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482203723
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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This book presents the current state of the art and future perspectives of the heterogeneous catalytic production of fuels, complete with reaction mechanism schemes, engineering solutions, and valuable industry insights. It describes production of fuels from renewable sources using environmentally friendly technologies, exposing the advantages and disadvantages of each production process and suggesting solutions to minimize the impact of fuel transportation. Comprised of chapters authored by leading experts in the field, this authoritative text conveys the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of fuels.
Author: Richard Paul Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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The conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons via oxidative coupling over metal oxide catalysts is the subject of intense study as a route for natural gas upgrading. Detailed study on the reaction of methane over a mixed manganese-magnesium oxide implicates a mechanism involving generation of methyl radicals at the surface, followed by radical coupling as well as other radical reactions in the gas phase as the predominant mode of carbon-carbon bond formation. Analysis of the consequences of this mechanisms suggests that there is an inherent limit on yield, including a major adverse pressure effect, that may severely impact the potential utility of this route. Among several possible approaches to circumventing this limitation, a novel class of catalyst - transition metal-exchanged P -alumina -- has been found to be highly active for complete oxidation of methane. Results of catalytic and characterization studies will be presented.
