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Author: Gregory P. Bierals
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781523144488
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Author: Gregory P. Bierals
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781523144488
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Gregory P. Bierals
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 8770226202
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
An overcurrent is caused by a short-circuit, ground-fault, or an overload. A short-circuit may be hundreds or even thousands of times above the normal operating current. This type of fault may be an arcing fault between ungrounded conductors or between an ungrounded conductor and a grounded (usually, a neutral) conductor, a line-to-line arcing fault may produce a current of 74% of a 3-phase bolted fault. A line-to-neutral arcing fault will be somewhat less. A line-to-line bolted fault, the equivalent, of the conductors bolted together, may be up to 100% of the available short-circuit current. A line-to-neutral bolted fault may be in excess of 100% of the 3-phase bolted fault at the source, but considerably less downstream. A ground-fault, that is, the equivalent of a connection between an ungrounded conductor and the equipment grounding system, will produce a current that may be 38% or higher of the 3-phase bolted fault current. These types of faults are typically arcing faults which normally are intermittent in nature. That is, they strike and restrike over time and may produce a short-circuit fault due to insulation damage. Once again, a line-to-equipment ground fault near the source may produce a fault current of over 100% of the 3-phase bolted fault, but considerably less downstream. An overload typically ranges from one to six times the normal current, and are normally caused by motor starting currents or transformer magnetizing currents. These conditions are of such short duration that the circuit components are not damaged. This book has a detailed analysis of these types of faults, along with explanations and examples of the various types of overcurrent protective devices to assure proper protection. This volume has extensive information on the application of overcurrent protection for conductors and equipment. The reader will be able to calculate fault currents as well as establishing the short-circuit withstand rating of conductor insulation and to determine the appropriate type of overcurrent devices based on circuit conditions. In addition, determining ground-fault currents for the purpose of selecting the proper size of equipment grounding conductors to establish an effective ground-fault current path is discussed in detail. Readership - Anyone involved with the design of overcurrent protection for electrical distribution systems from the system source to the electrical utilization equipment. The emphasis is placed on the design of the overcurrent protection for specific installations to assure proper protection for the circuit components regardless of the type of fault encountered.
Author: Gregory P Bierals
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788770042826
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book has a detailed analysis of several types of faults, along with explanations and examples of the various types of overcurrent protective devices to assure proper protection. This volume has extensive information on the application of overcurrent protection for conductors and equipment.
Author: Gregory P. Bierals
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000538516
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
This book uses a unique approach of identifying the terms defined in NEC Article 100 and connecting these definitions to the appropriate sections in Chapters 1 through 9, with detailed explanations that will serve to enhance the reader’s understanding of this complex subject. This volume contains extensive information on the following: Branch Circuits Feeders Services Overcurrent Protection Grounding Systems and Equipment Bonding Impedance Grounded Systems Separately Derived Systems Functional Grounding Calculating Ground-Fault Currents Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers Transformers Health Care Facilities Hazardous (Classified) Locations Information Technology Equipment Emergency Systems Tables and Examples Readership: Anyone involved in the design and installation of the electrical systems in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial facilities.
Author: Gregory P. Bierals
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100052163X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
The first concern and the most important reason for proper grounding techniques are to protect people from the effects of ground-faults and lightning. Creating an effective ground-fault current path to assure the operation of overcurrent protective devices on solidly grounded systems and to limit the voltage-rise on equipment frames during fault condition is of paramount importance. The next concern is building and equipment protection. In this case, providing low impedance bonding and grounding paths between the system source, the electrical service and downstream equipment will serve to limit hazardous voltages due to faults and especially, lightning, A low resistance-to-ground system will serve to limit the voltage rise on systems and equipment. But of equal importance is the length of the grounding electrode conductor. It is critical to limit the length of this conductor due to the increased impedance of lightning currents. And finally, a properly installed grounding system will minimize the effects of electrical noise on sensitive circuits and stabilize the voltage-to-ground during normal operation. This volume has extensive information on grounding electrical systems and equipment. This information includes the following topics: System Grounding Equipment Grounding Bonding The Grounding Electrode System Solidly Grounded Systems Impedance Grounded Systems Grounding Separately-Derived Systems Calculating Ground-Fault Currents Conductor Insulation Withstand Ratings Conductor Fusing or Melting Currents Functional Grounding Lightning Protection Readership: Anyone involved with designing a proper grounding system that will serve to protect people and equipment from the effects of ground faults and lightning. And to design a proper grounding system for special applications, including Solar and Wind Powered Systems.
Author: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781559374781
Category : Electric cables
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Over 3000 ampacity tables for extruded dielectric power cables rated through 138 kV and laminar dielectric power cables rated through 500 kV are provided.
Author: Frederic P. Hartwell
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 126047481X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1567
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Book Description
The definitive guide to the National Electric Code—thoroughly revised for 2020 rules and regulations Updated to fully align with the 2020 NEC, this trusted on-the-job reference contains plain-language explanations, advice, and analysis for every provision. You will get discussions of the rationale behind specific rules that enhances your understanding of both meaning and application. This handbook features thousands of detailed diagrams and photos as well as in-depth discussions regarding controversial wording and actual errors, together with possible approaches to discussions with inspectors regarding how to cope with these issues. This book is not published by NFPA, and is therefore free to confront such topics head on. Written by a senior member of the NEC Code Committee, McGraw Hill’s National Electrical Code (NEC) 2020 Handbook, 30th Edition is logically arranged and serves as a companion to the Code itself―the explanation for any topic lines up exactly with the applicable section in the Code. The book does not reproduce the Code, and therefore every column inch is devoted to explaining its provisions. You will get straightforward clarification of obtuse rules and vague language, enabling you to work efficiently and safely—and to achieve full compliance. Covers all significant changes to the 2020 NEC, including: Reconditioned equipment Massive expansion of GFCI requirements New receptacle coverage rules for kitchen islands and peninsulas Total revision of non-dwelling lighting load calculations Elimination of common enclosures for service disconnects Exterior emergency disconnects Rules for stair towers New EGC fill calculations for boxes Temperature limits for LFMC and LFNC Latest developments for PV systems
Author: Charles R. Miller
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ISBN: 1449675476
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
Based on the successful training seminar conducted by NEC® expert Charles R. Miller, The Electrician's Exam Prep Manual cuts through complex topics to help students pass Journeyman or Master Electrician licensing exams. Using clear, concise language, this book takes users through the preparation process, explaining every NEC® topic along the way. Aspiring electricians will feel prepared after completing the Manual's 23 sample exams, addressing general electrical knowledge plus NEC® rules. A special feature identifies key Code sections for highlighting, to assist in studying and to carry in to exams where allowed.
Author: Gregory P. Bierals
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788770042840
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This volume has extensive information on grounding electrical systems and equipment.
Author: Nick Gromicko
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781942813071
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
