Author: Aurora Brooks
Publisher: BabyDreamers.net
ISBN: 1776981359
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption is a heartwarming and inspiring short read book that takes you on a journey of love, hope, and the power of family. This book tells the incredible story of one family's experience with adoption, from the initial decision to adopt to the joys and challenges of parenting an adopted child. The book begins with an introduction to the adoption process, providing a comprehensive overview of the different types of adoption available, including international adoption, domestic adoption, and foster care adoption. It explores the reasons why people choose adoption, including overcoming infertility and expanding their family. Throughout the book, the author delves into the various aspects of preparing for adoption, such as the home study process, adoption education, and financial considerations. The reader gains valuable insights into the emotional journey of parenting an adopted child, including attachment and bonding, identity and self-esteem, and how to navigate adoption-related questions from friends, family, and strangers. One of the unique aspects of this book is its focus on supporting siblings in an adoptive family. The author provides practical advice and strategies for helping siblings understand and embrace their role in the adoption process, fostering a sense of unity and love within the family. The book also highlights the importance of celebrating adoption and raising awareness about this beautiful way of building a family. It explores Adoption Awareness Month and the significance of sharing adoption stories within the community. The author emphasizes the importance of community support and provides resources for readers to connect with others who have experienced adoption. In the conclusion of the book, the author addresses frequently asked questions and invites readers to reach out with any additional questions or comments they may have. As a bonus, readers are offered a free copy of "How To Be A Super Mom," a guide filled with practical tips and advice for busy moms. From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption is a must-read for anyone considering adoption or interested in learning more about this incredible journey. It offers a unique perspective on the adoption process and provides valuable insights and support for adoptive families. This book will leave you feeling inspired, uplifted, and grateful for the power of love and the gift of family. This title is a short read. A Short Read is a type of book that is designed to be read in one quick sitting. These no fluff books are perfect for people who want an overview about a subject in a short period of time. Table of Contents From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption The Adoption Process Choosing Adoption Overcoming Infertility Expanding the Family International Adoption Domestic Adoption Foster Care Adoption Preparing for Adoption Home Study Process Adoption Education Financial Considerations Parenting an Adopted Child Attachment and Bonding Identity and Self-Esteem Dealing with Adoption-related Questions Supporting Siblings Celebrating Adoption Adoption Awareness Month Sharing Adoption Stories Community Support Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions Have Questions / Comments?
From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption
Author: Aurora Brooks
Publisher: BabyDreamers.net
ISBN: 1776981359
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption is a heartwarming and inspiring short read book that takes you on a journey of love, hope, and the power of family. This book tells the incredible story of one family's experience with adoption, from the initial decision to adopt to the joys and challenges of parenting an adopted child. The book begins with an introduction to the adoption process, providing a comprehensive overview of the different types of adoption available, including international adoption, domestic adoption, and foster care adoption. It explores the reasons why people choose adoption, including overcoming infertility and expanding their family. Throughout the book, the author delves into the various aspects of preparing for adoption, such as the home study process, adoption education, and financial considerations. The reader gains valuable insights into the emotional journey of parenting an adopted child, including attachment and bonding, identity and self-esteem, and how to navigate adoption-related questions from friends, family, and strangers. One of the unique aspects of this book is its focus on supporting siblings in an adoptive family. The author provides practical advice and strategies for helping siblings understand and embrace their role in the adoption process, fostering a sense of unity and love within the family. The book also highlights the importance of celebrating adoption and raising awareness about this beautiful way of building a family. It explores Adoption Awareness Month and the significance of sharing adoption stories within the community. The author emphasizes the importance of community support and provides resources for readers to connect with others who have experienced adoption. In the conclusion of the book, the author addresses frequently asked questions and invites readers to reach out with any additional questions or comments they may have. As a bonus, readers are offered a free copy of "How To Be A Super Mom," a guide filled with practical tips and advice for busy moms. From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption is a must-read for anyone considering adoption or interested in learning more about this incredible journey. It offers a unique perspective on the adoption process and provides valuable insights and support for adoptive families. This book will leave you feeling inspired, uplifted, and grateful for the power of love and the gift of family. This title is a short read. A Short Read is a type of book that is designed to be read in one quick sitting. These no fluff books are perfect for people who want an overview about a subject in a short period of time. Table of Contents From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption The Adoption Process Choosing Adoption Overcoming Infertility Expanding the Family International Adoption Domestic Adoption Foster Care Adoption Preparing for Adoption Home Study Process Adoption Education Financial Considerations Parenting an Adopted Child Attachment and Bonding Identity and Self-Esteem Dealing with Adoption-related Questions Supporting Siblings Celebrating Adoption Adoption Awareness Month Sharing Adoption Stories Community Support Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions Have Questions / Comments?
Publisher: BabyDreamers.net
ISBN: 1776981359
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption is a heartwarming and inspiring short read book that takes you on a journey of love, hope, and the power of family. This book tells the incredible story of one family's experience with adoption, from the initial decision to adopt to the joys and challenges of parenting an adopted child. The book begins with an introduction to the adoption process, providing a comprehensive overview of the different types of adoption available, including international adoption, domestic adoption, and foster care adoption. It explores the reasons why people choose adoption, including overcoming infertility and expanding their family. Throughout the book, the author delves into the various aspects of preparing for adoption, such as the home study process, adoption education, and financial considerations. The reader gains valuable insights into the emotional journey of parenting an adopted child, including attachment and bonding, identity and self-esteem, and how to navigate adoption-related questions from friends, family, and strangers. One of the unique aspects of this book is its focus on supporting siblings in an adoptive family. The author provides practical advice and strategies for helping siblings understand and embrace their role in the adoption process, fostering a sense of unity and love within the family. The book also highlights the importance of celebrating adoption and raising awareness about this beautiful way of building a family. It explores Adoption Awareness Month and the significance of sharing adoption stories within the community. The author emphasizes the importance of community support and provides resources for readers to connect with others who have experienced adoption. In the conclusion of the book, the author addresses frequently asked questions and invites readers to reach out with any additional questions or comments they may have. As a bonus, readers are offered a free copy of "How To Be A Super Mom," a guide filled with practical tips and advice for busy moms. From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption is a must-read for anyone considering adoption or interested in learning more about this incredible journey. It offers a unique perspective on the adoption process and provides valuable insights and support for adoptive families. This book will leave you feeling inspired, uplifted, and grateful for the power of love and the gift of family. This title is a short read. A Short Read is a type of book that is designed to be read in one quick sitting. These no fluff books are perfect for people who want an overview about a subject in a short period of time. Table of Contents From Orphan to Forever Family: A Story of Adoption The Adoption Process Choosing Adoption Overcoming Infertility Expanding the Family International Adoption Domestic Adoption Foster Care Adoption Preparing for Adoption Home Study Process Adoption Education Financial Considerations Parenting an Adopted Child Attachment and Bonding Identity and Self-Esteem Dealing with Adoption-related Questions Supporting Siblings Celebrating Adoption Adoption Awareness Month Sharing Adoption Stories Community Support Conclusion Frequently Asked Questions Have Questions / Comments?
Reaching Out to Africa's Orphans
Author: K. Subbarao
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821358573
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 184
Book Description
This title makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the many risks and vulnerability faced by orphans and the ameliorating role played by the actions of governments and donors.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821358573
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 184
Book Description
This title makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the many risks and vulnerability faced by orphans and the ameliorating role played by the actions of governments and donors.
Growing God’s Family
Author: Samuel L. Perry
Publisher: NYU Press
ISBN: 1479803057
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 309
Book Description
Illustrates the hidden challenges embedded within the evangelical adoption movement. For over a decade, prominent leaders and organizations among American Evangelicals have spent a substantial amount of time and money in an effort to address what they believe to be the “Orphan Crisis” of the United States. Yet, despite an expansive commitment of resources, there is no reliable evidence that these efforts have been successful. Adoptions are declining across the board, and both foster parenting and foster-adoptions remain steady. Why have evangelical mobilization efforts been so ineffective? To answer this question, Samuel L. Perry draws on interviews with over 220 movement leaders and grassroots families, as well as national data on adoption and fostering, to show that the problem goes beyond orphan care. Perry argues that evangelical social engagement is fundamentally self-limiting and difficult to sustain because their subcultural commitments lock them into an approach that does not work on a practical level. Growing God’s Family ultimately reveals this peculiar irony within American evangelicalism by exposing how certain aspects of the evangelical subculture may stimulate activism to address social problems, even while these same subcultural characteristics undermine their own strategic effectiveness. It provides the most recent analysis of dominant elements within the evangelical subculture and how that subculture shapes the engagement strategies of evangelicals as a group.
Publisher: NYU Press
ISBN: 1479803057
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 309
Book Description
Illustrates the hidden challenges embedded within the evangelical adoption movement. For over a decade, prominent leaders and organizations among American Evangelicals have spent a substantial amount of time and money in an effort to address what they believe to be the “Orphan Crisis” of the United States. Yet, despite an expansive commitment of resources, there is no reliable evidence that these efforts have been successful. Adoptions are declining across the board, and both foster parenting and foster-adoptions remain steady. Why have evangelical mobilization efforts been so ineffective? To answer this question, Samuel L. Perry draws on interviews with over 220 movement leaders and grassroots families, as well as national data on adoption and fostering, to show that the problem goes beyond orphan care. Perry argues that evangelical social engagement is fundamentally self-limiting and difficult to sustain because their subcultural commitments lock them into an approach that does not work on a practical level. Growing God’s Family ultimately reveals this peculiar irony within American evangelicalism by exposing how certain aspects of the evangelical subculture may stimulate activism to address social problems, even while these same subcultural characteristics undermine their own strategic effectiveness. It provides the most recent analysis of dominant elements within the evangelical subculture and how that subculture shapes the engagement strategies of evangelicals as a group.
Rethinking Orphanages for the 21st Century
Author: Richard B. McKenzie
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 0761914447
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
Exploring the only option for a growing army of children who cannot be placed for adoption or fostering, this text demonstrates from a large-scale survey of orphan alumni that they outpace the general population in most areas of life.
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 0761914447
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
Exploring the only option for a growing army of children who cannot be placed for adoption or fostering, this text demonstrates from a large-scale survey of orphan alumni that they outpace the general population in most areas of life.
Japanese War Orphans
Author: Jiaxin Zhong
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429584393
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
After Japan's defeat in August 1945, some Japanese children were abandoned in China and raised by Chinese foster parents. They were unable to return to Japan even during the mass repatriation carried out by the Japanese government in the 1950s. Most of them returned to Japan in the 1980s. They are called Japanese war orphans. They are victims of the Sino-Japanese War and have been exploited and abandoned by the Japanese government. They are also "border people" who have lived in the interstices between two nations, China and Japan, and are migrants who have exploited the gap in economic development between Japan and China to seek individual happiness. Modern East Asia underwent drastic social change. These drastic social changes affected the lives of the Japanese war orphans and their families in a variety of ways. Over the years, Zhong has interviewed Japanese war orphans, their Chinese foster parents, and Japanese volunteers. The title is an interview-based sociological study of the issue of Japanese war orphans. The first half of the Japanese war orphans' lives were spent in China, and the latter half in Japan. It brings to the fore the dramatic personal histories of the Japanese war orphans surviving in the interstices between two nation-states. Through analyzing the issue of Japanese war orphans, the research on the subject makes the following three points: (1) the powerlessness of civilians caught up in modern warfare and the long-lasting effects of modern warfare on the life histories of individuals and their families; (2) the nature of the modern nation-state, which exploits and abandons its citizens as though they were expendable; and (3) immigration as a product of modernization gaps. Scholars pursuing studies in Japanese society and historians of the Sino-Japanese war would find this an ideal read.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429584393
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
After Japan's defeat in August 1945, some Japanese children were abandoned in China and raised by Chinese foster parents. They were unable to return to Japan even during the mass repatriation carried out by the Japanese government in the 1950s. Most of them returned to Japan in the 1980s. They are called Japanese war orphans. They are victims of the Sino-Japanese War and have been exploited and abandoned by the Japanese government. They are also "border people" who have lived in the interstices between two nations, China and Japan, and are migrants who have exploited the gap in economic development between Japan and China to seek individual happiness. Modern East Asia underwent drastic social change. These drastic social changes affected the lives of the Japanese war orphans and their families in a variety of ways. Over the years, Zhong has interviewed Japanese war orphans, their Chinese foster parents, and Japanese volunteers. The title is an interview-based sociological study of the issue of Japanese war orphans. The first half of the Japanese war orphans' lives were spent in China, and the latter half in Japan. It brings to the fore the dramatic personal histories of the Japanese war orphans surviving in the interstices between two nation-states. Through analyzing the issue of Japanese war orphans, the research on the subject makes the following three points: (1) the powerlessness of civilians caught up in modern warfare and the long-lasting effects of modern warfare on the life histories of individuals and their families; (2) the nature of the modern nation-state, which exploits and abandons its citizens as though they were expendable; and (3) immigration as a product of modernization gaps. Scholars pursuing studies in Japanese society and historians of the Sino-Japanese war would find this an ideal read.
The State of Food Insecurity in Msunduzi Municipality, South Africa
Author: Caesar, Mary
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
ISBN: 1920597077
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 41
Book Description
There is plenty of food in Msunduzi, in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province, but the urban poor regularly go hungry. This study of Msunduzi’s food security situation formed part of AFSUN’s baseline survey of eleven Southern African cities. The survey results show that the urban poor in Msunduzi are significantly worse off than their counterparts in Cape Town and Johannesburg. A third of the households reported that they sometimes or often have no food to eat of any kind. Household size did not make a great deal of difference to levels of insecurity but female-headed households are more food insecure than male-headed households. Msunduzi is a classic case study of a city whose food supply system is dominated by modern supermarket supply chains. The informal food economy is relatively small, urban agriculture is not especially significant in the city and informal rural-urban food transfers are lower than in many other cities surveyed. In this respect, Msunduzi offers the other cities a picture of their own future. Supermarket expansion is occurring at an extremely rapid rate throughout southern Africa, tying urban spaces and populations into global, regional and national supply chains. While supermarkets offer greater variety and fresher produce than many other outlets, they clearly do not meet the needs of the poor.
Publisher: Southern African Migration Programme
ISBN: 1920597077
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 41
Book Description
There is plenty of food in Msunduzi, in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province, but the urban poor regularly go hungry. This study of Msunduzi’s food security situation formed part of AFSUN’s baseline survey of eleven Southern African cities. The survey results show that the urban poor in Msunduzi are significantly worse off than their counterparts in Cape Town and Johannesburg. A third of the households reported that they sometimes or often have no food to eat of any kind. Household size did not make a great deal of difference to levels of insecurity but female-headed households are more food insecure than male-headed households. Msunduzi is a classic case study of a city whose food supply system is dominated by modern supermarket supply chains. The informal food economy is relatively small, urban agriculture is not especially significant in the city and informal rural-urban food transfers are lower than in many other cities surveyed. In this respect, Msunduzi offers the other cities a picture of their own future. Supermarket expansion is occurring at an extremely rapid rate throughout southern Africa, tying urban spaces and populations into global, regional and national supply chains. While supermarkets offer greater variety and fresher produce than many other outlets, they clearly do not meet the needs of the poor.
Poverty, AIDS, and Children's Schooling
Author: Martha Ainsworth
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
The authors analyze the relationship between orphan status, household wealth, and child school enrollment using data collected in the 1990s from 28 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and one country in Southeast Asia. The findings point to considerable diversity--so much so that generalizations are not possible. While there are some examples of large differentials in enrollment by orphan status, in the majority of cases the orphan enrollment gap is dwarfed by the gap between children from richer and poorer households. In some cases, even non-orphaned children from the top of the wealth distribution have low enrollments, pointing to fundamental issues in the supply or demand for schooling that are a constraint to higher enrollments of all children. The gap in enrollment between female and male orphans is not much different than the gap between girls and boys with living parents, suggesting that female orphans are not disproportionately affected in terms of their enrollment in most countries. These diverse findings demonstrate that the extent to which orphans are under-enrolled relative to other children is country-specific, at least in part because the correlation between orphan status and poverty is not consistent across countries. Social protection and schooling policies need to assess the specific country situation before considering mitigation measures.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
The authors analyze the relationship between orphan status, household wealth, and child school enrollment using data collected in the 1990s from 28 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and one country in Southeast Asia. The findings point to considerable diversity--so much so that generalizations are not possible. While there are some examples of large differentials in enrollment by orphan status, in the majority of cases the orphan enrollment gap is dwarfed by the gap between children from richer and poorer households. In some cases, even non-orphaned children from the top of the wealth distribution have low enrollments, pointing to fundamental issues in the supply or demand for schooling that are a constraint to higher enrollments of all children. The gap in enrollment between female and male orphans is not much different than the gap between girls and boys with living parents, suggesting that female orphans are not disproportionately affected in terms of their enrollment in most countries. These diverse findings demonstrate that the extent to which orphans are under-enrolled relative to other children is country-specific, at least in part because the correlation between orphan status and poverty is not consistent across countries. Social protection and schooling policies need to assess the specific country situation before considering mitigation measures.
Children and Youth in Adoption, Orphanages, and Foster Care
Author: Lori Askeland
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313021546
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
Adoption and foster care is a new and burgeoning area of historical and interdisciplinary research. Too often, however, birth parents, adoptive parents, foster parents, social workers, and the children themselves have either been ignored or demonized. This comprehensive introductory resource provides an authoritative, yet accessible, examination of adoption and foster care as it has been practiced in the United States. Within the pages of this volume, the reader will find a complete view of the many individuals and groups involved, as well as a thorough understanding of the various social and economic forces that have contributed to the perceptions of what children are in need of care. Also discussed is the role of orphanages, once the primary institution for children without parents as well as a stopgap measure for poor children needing temporary care. Divided into three major sections, original essays review the practice of adoption, orphanage placement and foster care from the colonial period to the present day. Selected primary documents, including materials by children, as well as an in-depth bibliographic section, provide crucial information and insight for high school and college students. Social workers, journalists, and others will also find much value in this historical overview and guide. Contributors include Elizabeth Bartholet, Marilyn Irvin Holt, Martha Satz, and Claudia Nelson. Adoption and foster care is a new and burgeoning area of historical and interdisciplinary research. Too often, however, birth parents, adoptive parents and foster parents, social workers, and the children themselves have been either ignored or demonized. This authoritative and accessible work is the first comprehensive introductory resource that gives a fuller portrait of the many individuals and groups that have contributed to the perceptions of what children are in need of care. Also discussed is the role of orphanages, the primary institution for children without parents as well as a stopgap measure for poor children needing temporary care. Divided into three sections, original essays review the practice of adoption, orphanage placement, and foster care from the colonial period to the present day. Selected primary documents, including materials by children, as well as an in-depth bibliography section, provide crucial information and insight for high school and college students. Social workers, journalists, and others will also find much value in this historical overview and guide. Star contributors include Elizabeth Bartholet, Marilyn Irvin Holt, Martha Satz, and Claudia Nelson.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313021546
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
Adoption and foster care is a new and burgeoning area of historical and interdisciplinary research. Too often, however, birth parents, adoptive parents, foster parents, social workers, and the children themselves have either been ignored or demonized. This comprehensive introductory resource provides an authoritative, yet accessible, examination of adoption and foster care as it has been practiced in the United States. Within the pages of this volume, the reader will find a complete view of the many individuals and groups involved, as well as a thorough understanding of the various social and economic forces that have contributed to the perceptions of what children are in need of care. Also discussed is the role of orphanages, once the primary institution for children without parents as well as a stopgap measure for poor children needing temporary care. Divided into three major sections, original essays review the practice of adoption, orphanage placement and foster care from the colonial period to the present day. Selected primary documents, including materials by children, as well as an in-depth bibliographic section, provide crucial information and insight for high school and college students. Social workers, journalists, and others will also find much value in this historical overview and guide. Contributors include Elizabeth Bartholet, Marilyn Irvin Holt, Martha Satz, and Claudia Nelson. Adoption and foster care is a new and burgeoning area of historical and interdisciplinary research. Too often, however, birth parents, adoptive parents and foster parents, social workers, and the children themselves have been either ignored or demonized. This authoritative and accessible work is the first comprehensive introductory resource that gives a fuller portrait of the many individuals and groups that have contributed to the perceptions of what children are in need of care. Also discussed is the role of orphanages, the primary institution for children without parents as well as a stopgap measure for poor children needing temporary care. Divided into three sections, original essays review the practice of adoption, orphanage placement, and foster care from the colonial period to the present day. Selected primary documents, including materials by children, as well as an in-depth bibliography section, provide crucial information and insight for high school and college students. Social workers, journalists, and others will also find much value in this historical overview and guide. Star contributors include Elizabeth Bartholet, Marilyn Irvin Holt, Martha Satz, and Claudia Nelson.
The Encyclopedia of Adoption
Author: Christine A. Adamec
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 0816075042
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 433
Book Description
Includes information on the Adoption and Safe Families Act, a federal law created to encourage the adoption of foster children. This encyclopedia also includes information on other adoption issues such as laws concerning adoptions by gays and lesbians, tax issues, school and adopted children, birthfather rights, transracial adoptions, and more.
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 0816075042
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 433
Book Description
Includes information on the Adoption and Safe Families Act, a federal law created to encourage the adoption of foster children. This encyclopedia also includes information on other adoption issues such as laws concerning adoptions by gays and lesbians, tax issues, school and adopted children, birthfather rights, transracial adoptions, and more.
You Can Adopt Without Debt
Author: Julie Gumm
Publisher: Abingdon Press
ISBN: 1426793014
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Book Description
Many families want to adopt, but do not have the large amount of money it takes to complete a private domestic or international adoption. Some quickly give up the idea of adopting and are left feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, and discouraged. Those who choose to proceed often take out large loans or borrow from family and friends which adds to the financial pressure on the family. Author Julie Gumm shares proven strategies from her own experience as well as from others that include applying for grants, creative budgeting, and fundraising that prospective adoptive parents can use to prepare for and avoid those high costs associated with adoption.
Publisher: Abingdon Press
ISBN: 1426793014
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Book Description
Many families want to adopt, but do not have the large amount of money it takes to complete a private domestic or international adoption. Some quickly give up the idea of adopting and are left feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, and discouraged. Those who choose to proceed often take out large loans or borrow from family and friends which adds to the financial pressure on the family. Author Julie Gumm shares proven strategies from her own experience as well as from others that include applying for grants, creative budgeting, and fundraising that prospective adoptive parents can use to prepare for and avoid those high costs associated with adoption.