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Author: Fumio Toda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401700893
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
Most organic reactions have long been carried out in organic solvents without concern for their real necessity, reaction efficiency, and pollution problems. Very recently, we have found that most organic reactions can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, namely, in the solid state. In many cases, the solid-state reaction proceeds more easily and efficiently, and even more selectively than solution reaction. This shows that molecules move easily and selectively in the solid state. This finding changed the classical idea which suggests "molecules do not move and reactions do not occur in the solid state", and opened up a new research field for the study molecular dynamics in the solid state. The organic solid state reactions have many possibilities to be developed. For example, enantioselective reactions can easily be accomplished by carrying out the reaction in an inclusion complex crystal with an optically active host compound. Catalytic reactions also proceed in the solid state. Moreover, the solid-state reactions are more economical and ecologically sound. In the future, pollution-free synthetic procedures in the solid state will become increasingly important, not only in chemical industries but also in university laboratories.
Author: Fumio Toda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401700893
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279
Get Book Here
Book Description
Most organic reactions have long been carried out in organic solvents without concern for their real necessity, reaction efficiency, and pollution problems. Very recently, we have found that most organic reactions can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, namely, in the solid state. In many cases, the solid-state reaction proceeds more easily and efficiently, and even more selectively than solution reaction. This shows that molecules move easily and selectively in the solid state. This finding changed the classical idea which suggests "molecules do not move and reactions do not occur in the solid state", and opened up a new research field for the study molecular dynamics in the solid state. The organic solid state reactions have many possibilities to be developed. For example, enantioselective reactions can easily be accomplished by carrying out the reaction in an inclusion complex crystal with an optically active host compound. Catalytic reactions also proceed in the solid state. Moreover, the solid-state reactions are more economical and ecologically sound. In the future, pollution-free synthetic procedures in the solid state will become increasingly important, not only in chemical industries but also in university laboratories.
Author: Gopinathan Anilkumar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813368977
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
This book presents important developments and applications of green chemistry, especially in the field of organic chemistry. The chapters give a brief account of green organic reactions in water, green organic reactions using microwave and in solvent-free conditions. In depth discussions on the green aspects of ionic liquids, flow reactions, and recoverable catalysts are provided in this book. An exclusive chapter devoted to green Lewis acid is also included. The potential of supercritical fluids as green solvents in various areas of organic reactions is explained as well. This book will be a valuable reference for beginners as well as advanced researchers interested in green organic chemistry.
Author: Koichi Tanaka
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527322640
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
In this second edition of a best-selling handbook all the chapters have been completely revised and updated, while four completely new chapters have been added. In order to meet the needs of the practitioner, emphasis is placed on describing precisely the technology and know-how involved. Adopting a didactic and comprehensible approach, the book guides the reader through theory and applications, thus ensuring its warm welcome among the scientific community. An excellent, essential and exhaustive overview.
Author: Michael E. Brown
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080868169
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
The whole of Volume 22 is devoted to the kinetics and mechanisms of the decomposition and interaction of inorganic solids, extended to include metal carboxylates. After an introductory chapter on the characteristic features of reactions in the solid phase, experimental methods of investigation of solid reactions and the measurement of reaction rates are reviewed in Chapter 2 and the theory of solid state kinetics in Chapter 3. The reactions of single substances, loosely grouped on the basis of a common anion since it is this constituent which most frequently undergoes breakdown, are discussed in Chapter 4, the sequence being effectively that of increasing anion complexity. Chapter 5 covers reactions between solids, and includes catalytic processes where one solid component remains unchanged, double compound formation and rate processes involving the interactions of more than three crystalline phases. The final chapter summarises the general conclusions drawn in the text of Chapter 2-5.
Author: Aaron Wold
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401114765
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
The subject matterofsolid state chemistry lies within the spheres ofboth physical and inorganic chemistry. In addition, there is a large overlap with solid state physics and materials engineering. However, solid state chemistry has still to be recognized by the general body ofchemists as a legitimate subfield ofchemistry. The discipline is not even well defined as to content and has many facets that make writing a textbook a formidable task. The early studies carried out in the United States by Roland Ward and his co workers emphasized the synthesisofnew materials and the determination oftheir structure. His work on doped alkaline earth sulfides formed the basis for the development of infrared phosphors and his pioneering studies on oxides were important in understanding the structural features of both the perovskite oxides as well as the magnetoplumbites. In 1945, A. F. Wells published the first edition of Structural Inorganic Chemistry. This work attempts to demonstrate that the synthesis, structure, and properties of solids form an important part of inorganic chemistry. Now, after almost 50 years during which many notable advances have been made in solid state chemistry, it is still evident that the synthesis, structure determination, and properties of solids receive little attention in most treatments of inorganic chemistry. The development of the field since the early studies of Roland Ward (early 1940s) has been rapid.
Author: Jean-Pierre Jolivet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
The precipitation of metal oxides from aqueous solutions creates nanoparticles with interesting solid state properties, thus building a bridge between solution chemistry and solid state chemistry. This book is the first monograph to deal with the formation of metal oxides from aqueous solutions with emphasis on the formation and physical chemistry of nanoparticles. Metal Oxide Chemistry and Synthesis: From Solution to Solid State * Provides a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis of finely divided materials * Presents the chemistry, physics and applications of these materials * Builds a bridge between classical solution chemistry and new developments in solid state chemistry * Introduces an important new area in inorganic chemistry Part I examines the mechanism of condensation of aqueous cations leading to polynuclear species or lattices, and rationalizes the behaviour of cations in precipitation phenomena by identifying pathways from soluble species to solids. The cation complex is also analysed in relation to the synthesis of some technologically interesting polymetallic oxides, e.g. ferroelectric, ferrimagnetic and supraconductor materials. Part II is devoted to the surface chemistry of oxide particles. The basic concepts relating to the reactivity of the oxide-solution interface are introduced and applied to various adsorption phenomena, such as aggregation, stability of particle size against ripening, etc. These properties are exploited for the synthesis of nanomaterials for a broad range of applictions such as ceramic powders, catalysts and nanocomposites. This will also be of interest to those wishing to understand geochemical and some biological processes. As well as being invaluable to researchers and postgraduate students of inorganic chemistry, this book will also be appreciated by solid-state chemists, materials scientists and colloid chemists with an interest in metal oxides.
Author: V.K. Ahluwalia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402031750
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279
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Book Description
Organic chemistry has played a vital role in the development of diverse molecules which are used in medicines, agrochemicals and polymers. Most ofthe chemicals are produced on an industrial scale. The industrial houses adopt a synthesis for a particular molecule which should be cost-effective. No attention is paid to avoid the release of harmful chemicals in the atmosphere, land and sea. During the past decade special emphasis has been made towards green synthesis which circumvents the above problems. Prof. V. K. Ahluwalia and Dr. M. Kidwai have made a sincere effort in this direction. This book discusses the basic principles of green chemistry incorporating the use of green reagents, green catalysts, phase transfer catalysis, green synthesis using microwaves, ultrasound and biocatalysis in detail. Special emphasis is given to liquid phase reactions and organic synthesis in the solid phase. I must congratulate both the authors for their pioneering efforts to write this book. Careful selection of various topics in the book will serve the rightful purpose for the chemistry community and the industrial houses at all levels. PROF. JAVED IQBAL, PhD, FNA Distinguished Research Scientist & Head Discovery Research Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.
Author: Anthony R. West
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471908746
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 752
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Book Description
The first broad account offering a non-mathematical, unified treatment of solid state chemistry. Describes synthetic methods, X-ray diffraction, principles of inorganic crystal structures, crystal chemistry and bonding in solids; phase diagrams of 1, 2 and 3 component systems; the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of solids; three groups of industrially important inorganic solids--glass, cement, and refractories; and certain aspects of organic solid state chemistry, including the ``organic metal'' of new materials.
Author: Wenping Hu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527653473
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
Written by internationally recognized experts in the field with academic as well as industrial experience, this book concisely yet systematically covers all aspects of the topic. The monograph focuses on the optoelectronic behavior of organic solids and their application in new optoelectronic devices. It covers organic field-effect and organic electroluminescent materials and devices, organic photonics, materials and devices, as well as organic solids in photo absorption and energy conversion. Much emphasis is laid on the preparation of functional materials and the fabrication of devices, from materials synthesis and purification, to physicochemical properties and the basic processes and working principles of the devices. The only book to cover fundamentals, applications, and the latest research results, this is a handy reference for both researchers and those new to the field. From the contents: * Electronic process in organic solids * Organic/polymeric semiconductors for field-effect transistors * Organic/polymeric field-effect transistors * Organic circuits and organic single molecular transistors * Polymer light-emitting Diodes (PLEDs): devices and materials * Organic solids for photonics * Organic photonic devices * Organic solar cells based on small molecules * Polymer solar cells * Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) * Organic thermoelectric power devices
Author: C. N. R. Rao
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521499071
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
In the new edition of this widely praised textbook, all the chapters have been revised and the authors have brought the work completely up to date by the addition of new material on numerous topics. In recent years, solid state chemistry has emerged as a very important element of mainstream chemistry and materials science. Students, teachers and researchers need to understand the chemistry of solids because of the crucial role this plays in determining the properties of materials. An understanding of solid state chemistry is also essential in materials design, and many fascinating relationships between the structure and properties of solids have been discovered by chemists. This text requires only an understanding of basic physics, chemistry and crystallography, and is enhanced with the most recent examples, case studies and references. It will be of value to advanced students and researchers studying solid state chemistry and materials science as a text and reference work.
