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Author: Nathan Nelson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662222655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
THE WORLD OF PROTON PUMPS Nathan Nelson uite frequently an observer looks at a life phenomenon and asks ~himself why nature took this route out of several other available mec anisms. In order to understand this challenge he may first try to reconstruct the evolution of the process taking into account the main driving forces that were assumed to exist during the last 3. 5 billion years on earth. Now we know that the electrochemical gradient of protons is the universal high-energy intermediate produced and uti lized by every living cell in nature. This high energy intermediate is an expression of different concentrations of active protons in the two faces of biological membranes. Why then did nature elect to utilize a pre dominantly electrochemical gradient of protons and no other ion? The answer to this question may lie in the environment in which the first living creatures evolved. Some of them may have been challenged by an acidic environment that lowered their internal pH (by a proton leak through their membranes) to lethal levels. To counteract these inci dents proton pumps evolved. Two independent systems were devel oped. One was a proton pump coupled to energetically downhill vectorial electron transport across membranes and the second was an ATP-dependent proton pump. Both of them pump protons outward from the cells generating an electrochemical gradient of protons.
Author: Nathan Nelson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662222655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237
Get Book Here
Book Description
THE WORLD OF PROTON PUMPS Nathan Nelson uite frequently an observer looks at a life phenomenon and asks ~himself why nature took this route out of several other available mec anisms. In order to understand this challenge he may first try to reconstruct the evolution of the process taking into account the main driving forces that were assumed to exist during the last 3. 5 billion years on earth. Now we know that the electrochemical gradient of protons is the universal high-energy intermediate produced and uti lized by every living cell in nature. This high energy intermediate is an expression of different concentrations of active protons in the two faces of biological membranes. Why then did nature elect to utilize a pre dominantly electrochemical gradient of protons and no other ion? The answer to this question may lie in the environment in which the first living creatures evolved. Some of them may have been challenged by an acidic environment that lowered their internal pH (by a proton leak through their membranes) to lethal levels. To counteract these inci dents proton pumps evolved. Two independent systems were devel oped. One was a proton pump coupled to energetically downhill vectorial electron transport across membranes and the second was an ATP-dependent proton pump. Both of them pump protons outward from the cells generating an electrochemical gradient of protons.
Author: Lalit M. Srivastava
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080514030
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 795
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Book Description
This book provides current information on synthesis of plant hormones, how their concentrations are regulated, and how they modulate various plant processes. It details how plants sense and tolerate such factors as drought, salinity, and cold temperature, factors that limit plant productivity on earth. It also explains how plants sense two other environmental signals, light and gravity, and modify their developmental patterns in response to those signals. This book takes the reader from basic concepts to the most up-to-date thinking on these topics. * Provides clear synthesis and review of hormonal and environmental regulation of plant growth and development * Contains more than 600 illustrations supplementary information on techniques and/or related topics of interest * Single-authored text provides uniformity of presentation and integration of the subject matter * References listed alphabetically in each section
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: W.T. Godbey
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1908818484
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
An Introduction to Biotechnology is a biotechnology textbook aimed at undergraduates. It covers the basics of cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and introduces laboratory techniques specific to the technologies addressed in the book; it addresses specific biotechnologies at both the theoretical and application levels.Biotechnology is a field that encompasses both basic science and engineering. There are currently few, if any, biotechnology textbooks that adequately address both areas. Engineering books are equation-heavy and are written in a manner that is very difficult for the non-engineer to understand. Numerous other attempts to present biotechnology are written in a flowery manner with little substance. The author holds one of the first PhDs granted in both biosciences and bioengineering. He is more than an author enamoured with the wow-factor associated with biotechnology; he is a practicing researcher in gene therapy, cell/tissue engineering, and other areas and has been involved with emerging technologies for over a decade. Having made the assertion that there is no acceptable text for teaching a course to introduce biotechnology to both scientists and engineers, the author committed himself to resolving the issue by writing his own. - The book is of interest to a wide audience because it includes the necessary background for understanding how a technology works. - Engineering principles are addressed, but in such a way that an instructor can skip the sections without hurting course content - The author has been involved with many biotechnologies through his own direct research experiences. The text is more than a compendium of information - it is an integrated work written by an author who has experienced first-hand the nuances associated with many of the major biotechnologies of general interest today.
Author: Arun Shanker
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533076720
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Plants, unlike animals, are sessile. This demands that adverse changes in their environment are quickly recognized, distinguished and responded to with suitable reactions. Drought, heat, cold and salinity are among the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect plant growth and productivity. In general, abiotic stress often causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that unfavorably affect plant growth, development and productivity. Drought, salinity, extreme temperatures (cold and heat) and oxidative stress are often interrelated; these conditions singularly or in combination induce cellular damage. To cope with abiotic stresses, of paramount significance is to understand plant responses to abiotic stresses that disturb the homeostatic equilibrium at cellular and molecular level in order to identify a common mechanism for multiple stress tolerance. This multi authored edited compilation attempts to put forth an all-inclusive biochemical and molecular picture in a systems approach wherein mechanism and adaptation aspects of abiotic stress are dealt with. The chief objective of the book hence is to deliver state of the art information for comprehending the effects of abiotic stress in plants at the cellular level.
Author: Masamitsu Futai
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527606289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
ATP-dependent active ion transport enables cells to regulate their pH value and to control their ion composition. The reverse process, transforming an ion imbalance into chemical energy, drives mitochondrial and chloroplast ATP synthesis. The mediators of these fundamental processes are ion-motive ATPases, highly conserved enzymes that play key roles in cell physiology from bacteria to man. As the first comprehensive overview of this important class of enzymes, this handbook summarizes recent knowledge about the molecular mechanism of ATPases, relating this information to the physiology and pathopyhsiology of ion transport, mitochondrial function, vesicle transport and lysosomal acidification. All important P-type, F-type and V-type ATPases are treated systematically, complemented by a special section on the cell biology and physiology of acidic compartments, and backed by an extensive bibliography and index. This premier reference source for physiologists, molecular biologists, biophysicists and clinical researchers contains contributions by the world's foremost ATPase research groups.
Author: Stephen W. Schaffer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387699457
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
This book is indispensable to researchers in fields as diverse as Molecular Biology and Biophysics. It covers the important role that mitochondria play in a variety of biochemical spheres. It analyses how mitochondria affect metabolic pathways, how they are active in the regulation of cytosolic constituents, and their role in initiating signal pathways. Also covered are the way mitochondria help to regulate apoptosis, and how they modulate cellular hypertrophy and proliferation. It gives an overview of the emergence of mitochondria as an important regulator of cell signaling, with a particular focus on their pathophysiology.
Author: Valdur Saks
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527621105
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
In this first integrated view, practically each of the world's leading experts has contributed to this one and only authoritative resource on the topic. Bringing systems biology to cellular energetics, they address in detail such novel concepts as metabolite channeling and medical aspects of metabolic syndrome and cancer.
Author: Jeffrey Griffith
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080542654
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 511
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Book Description
How do you keep track of basic information on the proteins you work with? Where do you find details of their physicochemical properties, amino acid sequences, and structure? Are you tired of scanning review articles, primary papers, and databases to locate that elusive fact? The Academic Press FactsBook Series has established itself as the best source of easily-accessible and accurate facts about protein groups. Described as "a growing series of excellent manuals" by Molecular Medicine Today and "essential works of reference" by Trends in Biochemical Sciences, the FactsBooks have become the most popular comprehensive data resources available. Using an easy-to-follow format, the FactsBooks will keep you up-to-date with the latest advances in structure, amino acid sequences, physicochemical properties, and biological activity. Meticulously researched and compiled by experts in the field, keeping abreast of developments has never been so easy!The Transporter FactsBook contains entries covering almost 800 transporters. Organized into 55 families of structurally related transporters, this volume includes ATPases, ABC transporters, H+-dependent antiporters and symporters, Na+-dependent antiporters and symporters, and other transporters such as mitochondrial transporters. - Nomenclature, biological sources and substrates - Phylogenetic relationships - Predicted structures - Physical and genetic characteristics - Multiple amino acid sequence alignments - Database accession numbers - Key references
Author: W.T. Godbey
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780128177266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Godbey's Biotechnology and its Applications is written for the student with little to no background in college level biology. The goal of the book is to introduce the student to the world of biotechnology in a way that runs deeper than a mere survey. The book is divided into three units. In the first, basic science is covered to introduce the reader to the cell, how it behaves, and what it is made of. The second unit demonstrates the biotechnological application of scientific principles in the laboratory while the third unit of the book presents biotechnologies "in the real world.” Examples include recombinant proteins that are available to millions of patients, plants that have been engineered to produce food that has been made available to people around the world, and regenerative medicine that may someday allow patients to receive organs that have been grown from their own cells. The second edition has been updated and expanded with the most current information available, and new chapters have been added on such topics as gene editing, bioremediation, vaccines and immunotherapy, and processing and manufacturing, resulting in a modern, robust, yet highly readable applications-oriented introduction to biotechnology. Takes an integrated approach from first principles, integrating cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and health science, starting at the basic science level and building to biotechnological applications Presents side topics of interest throughout ("gee whiz” topics), to give students quick mental breaks while still extending their knowledge in a practical sense Contains a greatly improved, robust teaching pedagogy to aid student learning, featuring new chapter learning objectives, chapter summaries, highlighted key terms, more end-of-chapter questions, and a new glossary
