Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil Via Two-step Catalyzed Process PDF Download
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Author: Tanarkorn Sukjit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Author: Tanarkorn Sukjit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Author: Roland Kalonji
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668614873
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Project Report from the year 2017 in the subject Engineering - Industrial Engineering and Management, , language: English, abstract: The conventional approach of biodiesel production is transesterification, using oil and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst with glycerol as a by-product of the reaction. Product quality is dependent on the type and amount of catalyst, type of oil feedstock, alcohol-to-oil ratio, etc. In terms of the best process, currently the alkali catalyzed process is the most profitable while the enzymatic based one is even more promising due to the lower consumption of energy and water; however it requires that the enzyme cost is reduced. The reason that biodiesel is not utilized widely around the world is due to the high cost of raw materials. To overcome this, one can use lower quality oils, such as Waste Cooking Oil (WCO). A lot of research has been carried out on the production of biodiesel from fresh vegetable and animal oil sources but the use of Waste Cooking Oil, such as palm oil, etc. has not been well documented. Then the aim of this current project is to analyze and optimize the conditions for biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil, by investigating interaction effects among process variables (temperature, oil-to-methanol molar ratio and catalyst loading) using SPC and other tools. Thus this project focuses on making biodiesel processes better and more efficient.
Author: Amminatul Farhayu Abdul Talib
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
In this study, the effects of temperature and catalyst weight percent to the biodiesel yield, FFA content and acid value were studied. The biodiesel is produced by two-steps catalyzed process. The essential part of the process is the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol in present of catalyst, to yield methyl ester as the main product and glycerin as the by-product. In the acid treatment or the acid- catalyzed esterification, the temperature is set at 95°C, acid catalyst of 2%w/wH2SO and methanol to waste cooking oil of 10:1. For the alkali-catalyzed transesterification, the range of temperature is 40°C-80°C, the alkali c atalyst weight percent is varied from 0.2 to 1.0%wNaOH/wWCO. The ultrasonic wave and ratio of methanol to waste cooking was fixed at 32MHz and 6:1 respectively. The biodiesel product is then analyzed by titration to check the FFA content and the acid value. The best temperature and alkali catalyst weight percent was found at 70° C and 1.0%wNaOH/wWCO correspondingly. The total reduction of FFA content after acid treatment was 36.92%. The two steps catalyzed process is preferable for raw material that has high content of FFA such as waste cooking oil. -Author.
Author: Guganeswaran Sinnathamby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Biodiesel, an alternative renewable fuel made from transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohol, is becoming more readily available for use in blends with conventional diesel fuel for transportation applications. One way of reducing the biodiesel production costs is to use the less expensive feedstock containing fatty acids such as inedible oils, animal fats, waste food oil and by products of the refining vegetables oils. The fact that Jatropha oil cannot be used for nutritional purposes without detoxification makes its use as energy or fuel source very attractive. The effect of main factor which are, temperature, particle size of the meal and reaction time were investigated to optimize the extraction operating conditions for achieving maximum oil yield. The lipid fraction of Jatropha curcas oil seed were extracted and to study the analyzed for their chemical and physical properties such as acid value, percentage free fatty acids (% FFA), iodine value, peroxide value and saponification value as well as viscosity, and density. The fatty acid composition of the extracted lipid was revealed using the (GCMS) method. Biodiesel production process is the transesterification of the used two-steps catalyzed process with jatropha oil and methanol, in the presence of alkali catalyst, to yield the ethyl ester as a product and glycerine as a by-product. In the acid treatment or the acidcatalyzed esterification, the temperature is set at 40°C, acid catalyst of 2%w/wH2SO4. These studies have been performed based on 3 effect, temperature, catalyst concentration and time. As a result, the best condition that has been determined for maximum biodiesel production were 1.5% catalyst concentration of potassium hydroxides based on weight of jatropha curcas oil that were used methanol to jatropha curcas oil of 6:1 and, process were done at temperature 600C and the time is about 60 minutes. Biodiesel yield and moisture content in biodiesel production from jatropha curcas oil were measured. Oil yield content of jatropha kernel was found about 50-60% for different extraction time. Both oleic acid (45.24%) and linoleic acid (31.58%) were detected as the dominant fatty acids while palmitic acid and stearic acid were the saturated fatty acids found in the Jatropha curcas oil. These processes which using ultrasonic reactor is easy and faster than other biodiesel production process because cavities caused by the ultrasound at the catalyst surface increase the catalyst activity and reduce the activation over potential loss.
Author: Gerhard Knothe
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0983507260
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats
Author: Adeeb Hayyan Alrazzouk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Sludge palm oil (SPO) is a by-product of the milling process and according to Malaysian Palm Oil Board, the annual production of SPO reaches 41 million tonnes. A huge amount of SPO needs to be utilized to produce beneficial products such as biodiesel fuel. This study develops a process to pretreat the SPO and produce biodiesel within the standard specifications for biodiesel fuel. An acid-catalyzed esterification process was carried out in pretreatment of SPO with alcohol to esterify the free fatty acid (FFA) before trasestifying the triacylglycerols (TG) with an alkaline catalyst to produce biodiesel fuel. The design of experiments for biodiesel production from SPO by esterification and transesterification processes were applied by single factor optimization. The results of SPO pretreatment indicated significant effect in the reduction of FFA content using strong acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and toluene-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) compared to weak acids such as orthophosphoric acid, acetic acid and formic acid. Based on the process performance, PTSA and sulfuric acid were selected for further optimization of esterification process. The optimum conditions for pretreatment process by esterification using PTSA as acid catalyst were 0.75% (wt/wt) dosage of PTSA to SPO, 10:1 molar ratio, 60oC temperature, 60 minutes reaction time and 400 rpm stirrer speed. Using these optimum conditions the FFA content was reduced from 22.33% to 1.4%, yield of treated SPO and conversion of FFA to fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) were 96% and 90.93% respectively. The highest yield of biodiesel after transesterification using fixed conditions was 76.62% with 0.07% FFA and 96% mol/mol ester content. The optimum conditions for pretreatment process by esterification using sulfuric acid were 1% (wt/wt) dosage of sulfuric acid to SPO, 8:1 molar ratio, 60oC temperature, 60 minutes reaction time and 400 rpm stirrer speed. Using these optimum conditions the FFA was reduced from 22.33% to 0.88%, yield of treated SPO and conversion of FFA to FAME were 96% and 96.06% respectively. The highest yield of biodiesel after transesterification using fixed conditions was 77.66% with 0.0698% FFA and 97% mol/mol ester content. The kinetics study revealed that the esterification reaction of SPO was second order reaction; moreover it was shown that the reaction rate (K) and regression coefficient (R2) were higher using sulfuric acid compared to PTSA. Sulfuric acid was selected as acid catalyst for pretreatment process of SPO based on cost, process performance and reaction rate. Optimum results of transesterification reaction were 1% wt/wt KOH with the molar ratio of methanol to oil 6:1, reaction time 30 minutes, temperature 55oC and stirrer speed 300 rpm. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained after transesterification reaction and purification was 88% with ester content of 99% mol/mol and 0.07% FFA. The biodiesel produced from SPO was favorable as compared to EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards.
Author: Sujinna Karnasuta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Author: A. Arumugam
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032385897X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
Production of Biodiesel from Non-Edible Sources: Technological Updates offers a step-by-step guide to the production of biodiesel, providing comparisons of existing methods, new and state-of-the-art technologies, and real-world examples of implementation. The book discusses all potential non-edible feedstocks for biodiesel production, providing their properties, availability, and processing, including deeper insights into kinetic models and simulation of biodiesel fermentation. Readers will gain knowledge of existing parameters and methods for biodiesel production, optimization, scale-up, and sustainability, along with guidance on the practical implementation of these methods and techniques. Finally, environmental sustainability, techno-economic analysis, and policymaking aspects are considered and put into the context of future prospects. This book offers a step-by-step guide for researchers and industry practitioners involved in bioenergy, renewable energy, biofuels production and bioconversion processes. - Provides step-by-step guidance on key processes and procedures - Reviews all the available non-edible feedstocks for biodiesel production and presents their properties, pros and cons - Presents pilot and industry-scale case studies on the implementation of biodiesel production from non-edible feedstocks - Addresses optimization, environmental sustainability, economic viability and policy issues to support commercialization
Author: Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119580277
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
A comprehensive overview of current developments and applications in biofuels production Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development brings together the latest and most cutting-edge research on the production of biofuels. As the first book specifically devoted to process systems engineering for the production of biofuels, Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development covers theoretical, computational and experimental issues in biofuels process engineering. Written for researchers and postgraduate students working on biomass conversion and sustainable process design, as well as industrial practitioners and engineers involved in process design, modeling and optimization, this book is an indispensable guide to the newest developments in areas including: Enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production Process analysis of biodiesel production (including kinetic modeling, simulation and optimization) The use of ultrasonification in biodiesel production Thermochemical processes for biomass transformation to biofuels Production of alternative biofuels In addition to the comprehensive overview of the subject of biofuels found in the Introduction of the book, the authors of various chapters have provided extensive discussions of the production and separation of biofuels via novel applications and techniques.
Author: Avinash P. Ingle
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119730007
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Reviews recent advances in catalytic biodiesel synthesis, highlighting various nanocatalysts and nano(bio)catalysts developed for effective biodiesel production Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production delivers an essential reference for academic and industrial researchers in biomass valorization and biofuel industries. The book covers both nanocatalysts and biocatalysts, bridging the gap between homogenous and heterogenous catalysis. Readers will learn about the techno-economical and environmental aspects of biodiesel production using different feedstocks and catalysts. They will also discover how nano(bio)catalysts can be used as effective alternatives to conventional catalysts in biodiesel production due to their unique properties, including reusability, high activation energy and rate of reaction, easy recovery, and recyclability. Readers will benefit from the inclusion of: Introductions to CaO nanocatalysts, zeolite nanocatalysts, titanium dioxide-based nanocatalysts and zinc-based in biodiesel production An exploration of carbon-based heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the production of biodiesel Practical discussions of bio-based nano catalysts for biodiesel production and the application of nanoporous materials as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production An analysis of the techno-economical considerations of biodiesel production using different feedstocks Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production focuses on recent advances in the field and offers a complete and informative guide for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fields of biofuels and bioenergy, catalysis, biotechnology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, and materials science.
