Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Measurements of the dependence of snow albedo on wavelength, zenith angle, grain size, impurity content, and cloud cover can be interpreted in terms of single-scattering and multiscattering radiative transfer theory. Ice is very weakly absorptive in the visible (minimum absorption at lambda = 0.46 micrometer) but has strong absorption bands in the near infrared (near IR). Snow albedo is therefore much lower in the near IR. The near-IR solar irradiance thus plays an important role in snowmelt and in the energy balance at a snow surface. The near-IR albedo is very sensitive to snow grain size and moderately sensitive to solar zenith angle. The visible albedo (for pure snow) is not sensitive to these parameters but is instead affected by snowpack thickness and parts-per- million amounts (or less) of impurities. Grain size normally increases as the snow ages, causing a reduction in albedo. If the grain increases as a function of depth, the albedo may suffer more reduction in the visible or in the near IR, depending on the rate of grain size increase. The presence of liquid water has little effect per se on snow optical properties in the solar spectrum, in contrast to its enormous effect on microwave emissivity. Snow albedo is increased at all wavelengths as the solar zenith angle increases but is most sensitive around lambda = 1 micrometer. Many apparently conflicting measurements of the zenith angle dependence of albedo are difficult to interpret because of modeling error, instrument error, and inadequate documentation of grain size, surface roughness, and incident radiation spectrum. Cloud cover affects snow albedo both by converting direct radiation into diffuse radiation and also by altering the spectral distribution of the radiation.
Optical Properties of Snow
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Measurements of the dependence of snow albedo on wavelength, zenith angle, grain size, impurity content, and cloud cover can be interpreted in terms of single-scattering and multiscattering radiative transfer theory. Ice is very weakly absorptive in the visible (minimum absorption at lambda = 0.46 micrometer) but has strong absorption bands in the near infrared (near IR). Snow albedo is therefore much lower in the near IR. The near-IR solar irradiance thus plays an important role in snowmelt and in the energy balance at a snow surface. The near-IR albedo is very sensitive to snow grain size and moderately sensitive to solar zenith angle. The visible albedo (for pure snow) is not sensitive to these parameters but is instead affected by snowpack thickness and parts-per- million amounts (or less) of impurities. Grain size normally increases as the snow ages, causing a reduction in albedo. If the grain increases as a function of depth, the albedo may suffer more reduction in the visible or in the near IR, depending on the rate of grain size increase. The presence of liquid water has little effect per se on snow optical properties in the solar spectrum, in contrast to its enormous effect on microwave emissivity. Snow albedo is increased at all wavelengths as the solar zenith angle increases but is most sensitive around lambda = 1 micrometer. Many apparently conflicting measurements of the zenith angle dependence of albedo are difficult to interpret because of modeling error, instrument error, and inadequate documentation of grain size, surface roughness, and incident radiation spectrum. Cloud cover affects snow albedo both by converting direct radiation into diffuse radiation and also by altering the spectral distribution of the radiation.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Measurements of the dependence of snow albedo on wavelength, zenith angle, grain size, impurity content, and cloud cover can be interpreted in terms of single-scattering and multiscattering radiative transfer theory. Ice is very weakly absorptive in the visible (minimum absorption at lambda = 0.46 micrometer) but has strong absorption bands in the near infrared (near IR). Snow albedo is therefore much lower in the near IR. The near-IR solar irradiance thus plays an important role in snowmelt and in the energy balance at a snow surface. The near-IR albedo is very sensitive to snow grain size and moderately sensitive to solar zenith angle. The visible albedo (for pure snow) is not sensitive to these parameters but is instead affected by snowpack thickness and parts-per- million amounts (or less) of impurities. Grain size normally increases as the snow ages, causing a reduction in albedo. If the grain increases as a function of depth, the albedo may suffer more reduction in the visible or in the near IR, depending on the rate of grain size increase. The presence of liquid water has little effect per se on snow optical properties in the solar spectrum, in contrast to its enormous effect on microwave emissivity. Snow albedo is increased at all wavelengths as the solar zenith angle increases but is most sensitive around lambda = 1 micrometer. Many apparently conflicting measurements of the zenith angle dependence of albedo are difficult to interpret because of modeling error, instrument error, and inadequate documentation of grain size, surface roughness, and incident radiation spectrum. Cloud cover affects snow albedo both by converting direct radiation into diffuse radiation and also by altering the spectral distribution of the radiation.
Snow Optics
Author: Alexander Kokhanovsky
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783030865900
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This book is the first book of its kind, focusing exclusively on the optical properties of snow. As a complex and turbid medium, snow is approached as a strongly light-scattering (in the visible spectrum) medium with large, nonspherical ice grains. The book discusses both experimental and theoretical results, as well as the remote sensing of snow using ground-based, airborne and satellite optical instrumentation. The book will be of particular importance for researchers studying snow characteristics (the size of grains, snow pollution and albedo) using various remote-sensing techniques.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783030865900
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This book is the first book of its kind, focusing exclusively on the optical properties of snow. As a complex and turbid medium, snow is approached as a strongly light-scattering (in the visible spectrum) medium with large, nonspherical ice grains. The book discusses both experimental and theoretical results, as well as the remote sensing of snow using ground-based, airborne and satellite optical instrumentation. The book will be of particular importance for researchers studying snow characteristics (the size of grains, snow pollution and albedo) using various remote-sensing techniques.
Optical Properties of Snow and Sea-ice
Author: Holly J. Reay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The Optical Properties of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin
Author: Thomas C. Grenfell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
Snow Characterization by Optical Properties
Author: Mathias Gergely
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
Optical Properties of Ice and Snow in the Polar Oceans. I. Observations
Author: D. K. Perovich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiative transfer
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiative transfer
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Optical Properties of Ice and Snow in the Polar Oceans. II. Theoretical Calculations
Author: T. C. Grenfell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiative transfer
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiative transfer
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Snowpack Optical Properties in the Infrared
Author: Roger H. Berger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiation
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiation
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Book Description
Physical and Optical Properties of Falling Snow
Author: Gary Koh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Snow
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Snow
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Book Description
Light Scattering Reviews 7
Author: Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642219071
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
Light Scattering Reviews (vol.7) is aimed at the description of modern advances in radiative transfer and light scattering. The following topics will be considered: the general - purpose discrete - ordinate algorithm DISORT for radiative transfer, fast radiative transfer techniques, use of polarization in remote sensing, Markovian approach for radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres, coherent and incoherent backscattering by turbid media and surfaces,advances in radiative transfer methods as used for luminiscence tomography, optical properties of aerosol, ice crystals, snow, and oceanic water. This volume will be a valuable addition to already published volumes 1-6 of Light Scattering Reviews.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642219071
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
Light Scattering Reviews (vol.7) is aimed at the description of modern advances in radiative transfer and light scattering. The following topics will be considered: the general - purpose discrete - ordinate algorithm DISORT for radiative transfer, fast radiative transfer techniques, use of polarization in remote sensing, Markovian approach for radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres, coherent and incoherent backscattering by turbid media and surfaces,advances in radiative transfer methods as used for luminiscence tomography, optical properties of aerosol, ice crystals, snow, and oceanic water. This volume will be a valuable addition to already published volumes 1-6 of Light Scattering Reviews.