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Author: Jürgen C. Schlesinger
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781600218668
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
An optical fibre is a glass or plastic fibre designed to guide light along its length by confining as much light as possible in a propagating form. In fibre with large core diameter, the confinement is based on total internal reflection. In smaller diameter core fibres, (widely used for most communication links longer than 200 meters) the confinement relies on establishing a waveguide. Fibre optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with such optical fibres. Optical fibres are widely used in fibre-optic communication, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher data rates than other forms of wired and wireless communications. They are also used to form sensors, and in a variety of other applications. The term optical fibre covers a range of different designs including graded-index optical fibres, step-index optical fibres, birefringent polarisation-maintaining fibres and more recently photonic crystal fibres, with the design and the wavelength of the light propagating in the fibre dictating whether or not it will be multi-mode optical fibre or single-mode optical fibre. Because of the mechanical properties of the more common glass optical fibres, special methods of splicing fibres and of connecting them to other equipment are needed. Manufacture of optical fibres is based on partially melting a chemically doped pre-form and pulling the flowing material on a draw tower. Fibres are built into different kinds of cables depending on how they will be used. This new book presents the latest research in the field.
Author: Jürgen C. Schlesinger
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781600218668
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Get Book Here
Book Description
An optical fibre is a glass or plastic fibre designed to guide light along its length by confining as much light as possible in a propagating form. In fibre with large core diameter, the confinement is based on total internal reflection. In smaller diameter core fibres, (widely used for most communication links longer than 200 meters) the confinement relies on establishing a waveguide. Fibre optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with such optical fibres. Optical fibres are widely used in fibre-optic communication, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher data rates than other forms of wired and wireless communications. They are also used to form sensors, and in a variety of other applications. The term optical fibre covers a range of different designs including graded-index optical fibres, step-index optical fibres, birefringent polarisation-maintaining fibres and more recently photonic crystal fibres, with the design and the wavelength of the light propagating in the fibre dictating whether or not it will be multi-mode optical fibre or single-mode optical fibre. Because of the mechanical properties of the more common glass optical fibres, special methods of splicing fibres and of connecting them to other equipment are needed. Manufacture of optical fibres is based on partially melting a chemically doped pre-form and pulling the flowing material on a draw tower. Fibres are built into different kinds of cables depending on how they will be used. This new book presents the latest research in the field.
Author: Tamara Gillis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118016351
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
The IABC Handbook of Organizational Communication THIS NEW EDITION of The IABC Handbook of Organizational Communication contains a comprehensive collection of practical knowledge about successful corporate communication and its effect on an organization as a whole. Thoroughly revised and updated to meet the realities of today’s organizational environment, the second edition of The IABC Handbook of Organizational Communication includes fresh case studies and original chapters. This vital resource contains information that is relevant to communicators in any organization, from global conglomerates to small businesses, public companies to private firms, and for-profits to nonprofits. The expert contributors cover a wealth of relevant topics, including how to excel at executive communication and executive coaching, an in-depth examination of communication counsel, a review of communication and ethics as a whole, a review of corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues, and how to prepare for communication during a crisis. The book also contains information on current issues and trends such as the effects of the recent recession and new technologies that affect strategic communication management. A review of internal and employee communication issues, the growing need for international and multicultural communication, and strategies for combining traditional and social media are explored in detail. Whether you are a professional communicator or a corporate executive without a background in the communication discipline, you will gain new insight into traditional and emerging issues in organizational communication and learn what it takes to reach stakeholders both inside and outside the organization.
Author: Arild Angelsen
Publisher: CIFOR
ISBN: 6028693030
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
REDD+ must be transformational. REDD+ requires broad institutional and governance reforms, such as tenure, decentralisation, and corruption control. These reforms will enable departures from business as usual, and involve communities and forest users in making and implementing policies that a ect them. Policies must go beyond forestry. REDD+ strategies must include policies outside the forestry sector narrowly de ned, such as agriculture and energy, and better coordinate across sectors to deal with non-forest drivers of deforestation and degradation. Performance-based payments are key, yet limited. Payments based on performance directly incentivise and compensate forest owners and users. But schemes such as payments for environmental services (PES) depend on conditions, such as secure tenure, solid carbon data and transparent governance, that are often lacking and take time to change. This constraint reinforces the need for broad institutional and policy reforms. We must learn from the past. Many approaches to REDD+ now being considered are similar to previous e orts to conserve and better manage forests, often with limited success. Taking on board lessons learned from past experience will improve the prospects of REDD+ e ectiveness. National circumstances and uncertainty must be factored in. Di erent country contexts will create a variety of REDD+ models with di erent institutional and policy mixes. Uncertainties about the shape of the future global REDD+ system, national readiness and political consensus require exibility and a phased approach to REDD+ implementation.
Author: George Laskaris
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 9783137170020
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
For the third edition, the text has been thoroughly revised to keep pace with new concepts in oral medicine. The structure of the text has been clarified and made more practically useful, with references to etiology, clinical images, differential diagnosis, laboratory diagnostic tests, and therapy guidelines. Also new in the third edition: four new chapters, and more than 240 new, exquisite illustrations of lesions and pathologic conditions affecting the oral cavity.
Author: Majid Ezzati
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241580313
Category : CD-ROMs
Languages : en
Pages : 2282
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Book Description
Provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific evidence on prevalence and the resulting health effects of a range of exposures that are know to be hazardous to human health, including childhood and maternal undernutrition, nutritional and physiological risk factors for adult health, addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health risks, and risks in the physical environments of households and communities, as well as among workers. This book is the culmination of over four years of scientific equiry and data collection, know as the comparative risk assessment (CRA) project.
Author: Devendra Amatya
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780646607
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
Forests cover approximately 26% of the world's land surface area and represent a distinct biotic community. They interact with water and soil in a variety of ways, providing canopy surfaces which trap precipitation and allow evaporation back into the atmosphere, thus regulating how much water reaches the forest floor as through fall, as well as pull water from the soil for transpiration. The discipline "forest hydrology" has been developed throughout the 20th century. During that time human intervention in natural landscapes has increased, and land use and management practices have intensified. The book will be useful for graduate students, professionals, land managers, practitioners, and researchers with a good understanding of the basic principles of hydrology and hydrologic processes.
Author: Jean-Michel Escoffre
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319225367
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
This book highlights advances and prospects of a highly versatile and dynamic research field: Therapeutic ultrasound. Leading experts in the field describe a wide range of topics related to the development of therapeutic ultrasound (i.e., high intensity focused ultrasound, microbubble-assisted ultrasound drug delivery, low intensity pulsed ultrasound, ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers), ranging from the biophysical concepts (i.e., tissue ablation, drug and gene delivery, neuromodulation) to therapeutic applications (i.e., chemotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, sonothrombolysis, immunotherapy, lithotripsy, vaccination). This book is an indispensable source of information for students, researchers and clinicians dealing with non-invasive image-guided ultrasound-based therapeutic interventions in the fields of oncology, neurology, cardiology and nephrology.
Author: Martin Griffiths
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134178956
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
International relations theory has been the site of intense debate in recent years. A decade ago it was still possible to divide the field between three main perspectives – Realism, Liberalism, and Marxism. Not only have these approaches evolved in new directions, they have been joined by a number of new ‘isms’ vying for attention, including feminism and constructivism. International Relations Theory for the Twenty-First Century is the first comprehensive textbook to provide an overview of all the most important theories within international relations. Written by an international team of experts in the field, the book covers both traditional approaches, such as realism and liberal internationalism, as well as new developments such as constructivism, poststructuralism and postcolonialism. The book’s comprehensive coverage of IR theory makes it the ideal textbook for teachers and students who want an up-to-date survey of the rich variety of theoretical work and for readers with no prior exposure to the subject.
Author: Robin Mearns
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821381423
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
While major strides have been made in the scientific understanding of climate change, much less understood is how these dynamics in the physical enviornment interact with socioeconomic systems. This book brings together the latest knowledge on the consequences of climate change for society and how best to address them.
Author: Luigi Grassi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319747363
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
This book offers a resource to aid in implementing psychosocial screening, assessment, and consequently integrating prevention, care and treatment (i.e. pharmacological, psychosocial rehabilitation and psychotherapeutic) in medicine. It is becoming increasingly recognized that one method of combating spiraling health care costs in developed nations is to integrate psychiatric care into medicine including primary care settings. This volume reviews the main issues relative to the paradigm of a person-centered and recovery-oriented approach that should imbue all medical areas and specialties. It proposes integration methods in screening and assessment, clinimetric approach, dignity conserving care, cross-cultural and ethical aspects, treatment and training as a basic and mandatory need of a whole psychosomatic approach bridging the several specialties in medicine. As such, the book addresses a topic that all physicians, including primary care and psychiatric professionals in a wide variety of mental health settings are currently discussing, planning and preoccupied with, namely the task of integrating mental health into all the medical fields, including primary care, cardiology, psychiatry, oncology and so on.
