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Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781982995782
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Chapter One The difference between online and offline travel agents1.1 The main cost related factors to offline or online travel agents Nowadays,many online or offline travel agents have interest to find what the main factors that can affect their strategies to reduce airline costs. The main factors include route structure, type and characteristics of the aircracft, cost of labor and management quality, which will influence whether which airline routes are the most suitable to let online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to sell paper air tickets or electronic air tickets to attract travel consumption more easily. Thus, a cost-related strategy is the main important factors to influence travel consumption choice between online or offline travel agents. For example, considering that advantages in costs is an important strategy for carriers to remain in travel transportation market. The deregulation process of travel markets and increasing opportunities for competition have created excess capacity in many markets that causes lower rates, even with its rising costs. Thus, the travel strategic costs management as well as travel consumers that their behavior under different influences can bring competitive advantages over travel players. Cost reduction in the travel market -based industry is a very important way of being competitive between offline and online travel agents, when facing travel air ticket prices decreasing for every trip. So reduce to total travel cost, e.g. fuel, maintenance, labor etc. is relevant, but the influence of ech component on every total trip cost depends on factors that are related or not to airline opertion. For example, some airline can adopt the lowest cost model to sell air tickets from offline or online travel agents which compete for travel passengers with traditional modes as self driving road transport trip in large areas of countries domestic travel market, such as US, UK domestic travel market. However, the decision about the relevance of one cost is not a simple matter. The effectiveness of reduction of each item that comprises the total cost of airline can change over time, depending on both the business model and the scope of the airline company or online /offline travel agent company as well as external factors. However, there are three types of competition advantage between online and offline travel market: They are such as agility, differentiation cost and the differentiation may be related to a product of superior quality, higher value f the brand or the company's positive reputation. Such as the online travel agent's providing the different airline cheap air ticket price and kind of trips to provide to travel consumer consumer comparison or the offline travel agent's famous brand or positive reputation to let travel consumers feel travel agents can provide many actual trip package to let them to compare by oral clearly. Thus, the online travel agent's weakness is lack of travel agent individual exploration to let every travel consumer to understand every trip package more clearly. But online travel agent's strength is it can provdide one website to let travel consumer attempt to compare different trip air ticket and/or hotel price to make personal travel pre-booking decision at home. The another advantage is related to techniques that reduce production cost, making it is possible to offer cheaper air ticket, or hotel room rents, or cheap trip package, than the competition. Such as online travel agent can sell more cheape electronic air ticket price to compare traditional offline travel agent's paper air ticket price.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781982995782
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
Get Book Here
Book Description
Chapter One The difference between online and offline travel agents1.1 The main cost related factors to offline or online travel agents Nowadays,many online or offline travel agents have interest to find what the main factors that can affect their strategies to reduce airline costs. The main factors include route structure, type and characteristics of the aircracft, cost of labor and management quality, which will influence whether which airline routes are the most suitable to let online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to sell paper air tickets or electronic air tickets to attract travel consumption more easily. Thus, a cost-related strategy is the main important factors to influence travel consumption choice between online or offline travel agents. For example, considering that advantages in costs is an important strategy for carriers to remain in travel transportation market. The deregulation process of travel markets and increasing opportunities for competition have created excess capacity in many markets that causes lower rates, even with its rising costs. Thus, the travel strategic costs management as well as travel consumers that their behavior under different influences can bring competitive advantages over travel players. Cost reduction in the travel market -based industry is a very important way of being competitive between offline and online travel agents, when facing travel air ticket prices decreasing for every trip. So reduce to total travel cost, e.g. fuel, maintenance, labor etc. is relevant, but the influence of ech component on every total trip cost depends on factors that are related or not to airline opertion. For example, some airline can adopt the lowest cost model to sell air tickets from offline or online travel agents which compete for travel passengers with traditional modes as self driving road transport trip in large areas of countries domestic travel market, such as US, UK domestic travel market. However, the decision about the relevance of one cost is not a simple matter. The effectiveness of reduction of each item that comprises the total cost of airline can change over time, depending on both the business model and the scope of the airline company or online /offline travel agent company as well as external factors. However, there are three types of competition advantage between online and offline travel market: They are such as agility, differentiation cost and the differentiation may be related to a product of superior quality, higher value f the brand or the company's positive reputation. Such as the online travel agent's providing the different airline cheap air ticket price and kind of trips to provide to travel consumer consumer comparison or the offline travel agent's famous brand or positive reputation to let travel consumers feel travel agents can provide many actual trip package to let them to compare by oral clearly. Thus, the online travel agent's weakness is lack of travel agent individual exploration to let every travel consumer to understand every trip package more clearly. But online travel agent's strength is it can provdide one website to let travel consumer attempt to compare different trip air ticket and/or hotel price to make personal travel pre-booking decision at home. The another advantage is related to techniques that reduce production cost, making it is possible to offer cheaper air ticket, or hotel room rents, or cheap trip package, than the competition. Such as online travel agent can sell more cheape electronic air ticket price to compare traditional offline travel agent's paper air ticket price.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781677675906
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
What is the online travel sale service strategy? The two most important things for travel operators ( agents) are online travel marketing and strategic management. Former can enhance business operations. Use of (ICT) develops financial capabilities, however, it depends on management choice, financial condition and position. Some researchers recommended that the usage of IT should not be restricted at operatinal level, however it should be extended up to senior level and should be used for decision making. Social media is regarded as a platform where the tourists and travel operators/agents ( suppliers) of tourism industry cross each other. Thus, the role of social media has been directed for future research in tourism industry. Hence, it seems online travel sale service has these features to attract travel consumers to choose to use this online mode to buy electronic air ticket. Such as, airline electronic air ticket price comparison, pre-booking plan seats to avoid full seats flights to delay consumer individual trip plan, pre-booking hotel rooms and prices comparison as well as prebooking restaurant seats and food price and taste comparison, travel destination easy search. Otherwise, these features to attract travel consumers to choose to walk in to travel agents to buy paper air ticket directly. They include: safe cash or visa card payment to avoid personal information is stolen by website payment channel, e.g. via card number, address, name, birth date personal information. Also the travel consumer can enquire any questions from the travel agent and gets individual feedback from the travel agent by oral before who ensure to choose to buy which kind of travel package for whose travel destination. In special, when the travel consumer has much time to spend to enquire any travel trip question, walk in travel agent is the best enquire methos to let the travel consumer to know the trip information clearly.Chapter twoOnline/offline travel operators (agents) maketing strategies2.1Offline walk in travel unique segment service strategyNowadays, online and offlce travel operators competitions are serious. In fact, tourism marketing, there will be more need for online travel operators in the future, due to online travel sale service is popular to be accepted by online travel consumers. Thus, I recommend walk in offline travel agents need to concentrate on focusing some unique travel service to attract new or old travel consumers if who hope to survive.I recommend that they can focus on specific specialized services, such as travel consultation ( specialization) hypothesizing that systematic differences exist between the usage of travel agents for different travel contexts and travel agents can survive if they focus on specific segments of the market, such as older travelers ( segmentation; hypothesizing that systematic differences exist between the usage of travel agents depending on the personal characteristics of travellers). The unique travel needs include: specific services related to package holidays, transport services, beach on city holidays, as well as destinations travellers are not familiar with.I shall give my opinions to provide insight into alternative strategies for travel agencies in a matured travel market with a high internet penetration as below:
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781691399482
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
The strategy difference between online and offline travel agents1.1The main cost related factors to offline or online travel agentsNowadays, many online or offline travel agents have interest to find what the main factors that can affect their strategies to reduce airline costs. The main factors include route structure, type and characteristics of the aircracft, cost of labor and management quality, which will influence whether which airline routes are the most suitable to let online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to sell paper air tickets or electronic air tickets to attract travel consumption more easily.Thus, a cost-related strategy is the main important factors to influence travel consumption choice between online or offline travel agents. For example, considering that advantages in costs is an important strategy for carriers to remain in travel transportation market.The deregulation process of travel markets and increasing opportunities for competition have created excess capacity in many markets that causes lower rates, even with its rising costs. Thus, the travel strategic costs management as well as travel consumers that their behavior under different influences can bring competitive advantages over travel players.Cost reduction in the travel market -based industry is a very important way of being competitive between offline and online travel agents, when facing travel air ticket prices decreasing for every trip. So reduce to total travel cost, e.g. fuel, maintenance, labor etc. is relevant, but the influence of ech component on every total trip cost depends on factors that are related or not to airline opertion. For example, some airline can adopt the lowest cost model to sell air tickets from offline or online travel agents which compete for travel passengers with traditional modes as self driving road transport trip in large areas of countries domestic travel market, such as US, UK domestic travel market.However, the decision about the relevance of one cost is not a simple matter. The effectiveness of reduction of each item that comprises the total cost of airline can change over time, depending on both the business model and the scope of the airline company or online /offline travel agent company as well as external factors.However, there are three types of competition advantage between online and offline travel market: They are such as agility, differentiation cost and the differentiation may be related to a product of superior quality, higher value f the brand or the company's positive reputation. Such as the online travel agent's providing the different airline cheap air ticket price and kind of trips to provide to travel consumer consumer comparison or the offline travel agent's famous brand or positive reputation to let travel consumers feel travel agents can provide many actual trip package to let them to compare by oral clearly. Thus, the online travel agent's weakness is lack of travel agent individual exploration to let every travel consumer to understand every trip package more clearly.But online travel agent's strength is it can provdide one website to let travel consumer attempt to compare different trip air ticket and/or hotel price to make personal travel pre-booking decision at home. The another advantage is related to techniques that reduce production cost, making it is possible to offer cheaper air ticket, or hotel room rents, or cheap trip package, than the competition. Such as online travel agent can sell more cheape electronic air ticket price to compare traditional offline travel agent's paper air ticket price.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781717721105
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 77
Get Book Here
Book Description
Chapter One The strategy difference between online and offline travel agents1.1 The main cost related factors to offline or online travel agents Nowadays,many online or offline travel agents have interest to find what the main factors that can affect their strategies to reduce airline costs. The main factors include route structure, type and characteristics of the aircracft, cost of labor and management quality, which will influence whether which airline routes are the most suitable to let online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to sell paper air tickets or electronic air tickets to attract travel consumption more easily. Thus, a cost-related strategy is the main important factors to influence travel consumption choice between online or offline travel agents. For example, considering that advantages in costs is an important strategy for carriers to remain in travel transportation market. The deregulation process of travel markets and increasing opportunities for competition have created excess capacity in many markets that causes lower rates, even with its rising costs. Thus, the travel strategic costs management as well as travel consumers that their behavior under different influences can bring competitive advantages over travel players. Cost reduction in the travel market -based industry is a very important way of being competitive between offline and online travel agents, when facing travel air ticket prices decreasing for every trip. So reduce to total travel cost, e.g. fuel, maintenance, labor etc. is relevant, but the influence of ech component on every total trip cost depends on factors that are related or not to airline opertion. For example, some airline can adopt the lowest cost model to sell air tickets from offline or online travel agents which compete for travel passengers with traditional modes as self driving road transport trip in large areas of countries domestic travel market, such as US, UK domestic travel market. However, the decision about the relevance of one cost is not a simple matter. The effectiveness of reduction of each item that comprises the total cost of airline can change over time, depending on both the business model and the scope of the airline company or online /offline travel agent company as well as external factors. However, there are three types of competition advantage between online and offline travel market: They are such as agility, differentiation cost and the differentiation may be related to a product of superior quality, higher value f the brand or the company's positive reputation. Such as the online travel agent's providing the different airline cheap air ticket price and kind of trips to provide to travel consumer consumer comparison or the offline travel agent's famous brand or positive reputation to let travel consumers feel travel agents can provide many actual trip package to let them to compare by oral clearly. Thus, the online travel agent's weakness is lack of travel agent individual exploration to let every travel consumer to understand every trip package more clearly. But online travel agent's strength is it can provdide one website to let travel consumer attempt to compare different trip air ticket and/or hotel price to make personal travel pre-booking decision at home. The another advantage is related to techniques that reduce production cost, making it is possible to offer cheaper air ticket, or hotel room rents, or cheap trip package, than the competition. Such as online travel agent can sell more cheape electronic air ticket price to compare traditional offline travel agent's paper air ticket price. Finally, agility refers to the speed which the company responds to market demands. For example, if the online travel agent can make statistics to analyze how many online travel consumers to choose to buy which airlines' electronic or paper air tickets, e.g. which airline trip destination
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781790910847
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
IntroductionThis book divides two parts. The first part explains online book store competitive effort. The second part explains online travel agent competitive effort. The first part explains online and offline book shop competition is serious. Book readers have these both channel to choose to buy either electronic book or paper book to study. How can traditional offlince book shop achieve strategy to compete online book shop ? What are online book shop weaknesses or strengths? What are traditional offline book shop weaknesses or strengths? What is future book publishing development trend? These questions will have suggestions to be given to book publishers to let them to learn more marketing strategies.The second part aims to explain what strategies will be different between online and offline travel agents . What are the strengths and weaknesses between online and offline travel agents? How can online travel agents win offline travel agents or how can offline travel agents win online travel? Why do travel consumers either choose online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to arrange travel trips? What factors will change their mind to influence them to choose to buy electronic air ticket or paper air ticket from either offline travel agents or online travel agents?Finally, I shall give my opinions to attempt to answer above questions. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to compare whether online travel agent competitive effort is more or online book store effort is more to develop their online sale market.Comparision on online book store and online travel agent competitive effort:In fact, travel agent is one kind of entertainment service industry. Online travel agent can apply online travel website to help travellers to choose any cheap air ticket, hotel, even transportation ticket to prebook to purchase from internet. Otherwise, book store is one kind of sale service. Online electronic book is one kind of reading method from internet. It give readers feel convenient and easy to read from laptop or mobile phone. However, I feel online travel agent competition will be difficult to compare to online book store. The reason is because online travel agent lacks individua travel agent explain any journey to let travellers to know by oral. So, some travellers will choose to walk in to travel agent office to enquire travel agent any journeys when they choose any countries to travel. Online travel agent can only provide air ticket price comparision and hotel choices to prebook service. This is online travel agent weakness. Otherwise, online book store can provide readers to read books from internet, so they do not need to walk in book store to choose book to buy and paper book is heavy, so some readers will prefer to choose electronic to read. Hence, it is the difference between travel psychology and reading to influence why online travellers feel more negative emotion than online electronic book buyer.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781980268345
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book divides two parts. The first part explains online book store competitive effort. The second part explains online travel agent competitive effort. The first part explains online and offline book shop competition is serious. Book readers have these both channel to choose to buy either electronic book or paper book to study. How can traditional offlince book shop achieve strategy to compete online book shop ? What are online book shop weaknesses or strengths? What are traditional offline book shop weaknesses or strengths? What is future book publishing development trend? These questions will have suggestions to be given to book publishers to let them to learn more marketing strategies. The second part aims to explain what strategies will be different between online and offline travel agents . What are the strengths and weaknesses between online and offline travel agents? How can online travel agents win offline travel agents or how can offline travel agents win online travel? Why do travel consumers either choose online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to arrange travel trips? What factors will change their mind to influence them to choose to buy electronic air ticket or paper air ticket from either offline travel agents or online travel agents? Finally, I shall give my opinions to attempt to answer above questions. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to compare whether online travel agent competitive effort is more or online book store effort is more to develop their online sale market. Comparision on online book store and online travel agent competitive effort: In fact, travel agent is one kind of entertainment service industry. Online travel agent can apply online travel website to help travellers to choose any cheap air ticket, hotel, even transportation ticket to prebook to purchase from internet. Otherwise, book store is one kind of sale service. Online electronic book is one kind of reading method from internet. It give readers feel convenient and easy to read from laptop or mobile phone. However, I feel online travel agent competition will be difficult to compare to online book store. The reason is because online travel agent lacks individua travel agent explain any journey to let travellers to know by oral. So, some travellers will choose to walk in to travel agent office to enquire travel agent any journeys when they choose any countries to travel. Online travel agent can only provide air ticket price comparision and hotel choices to prebook service. This is online travel agent weakness. Otherwise, online book store can provide readers to read books from internet, so they do not need to walk in book store to choose book to buy and paper book is heavy, so some readers will prefer to choose electronic to read. Hence, it is the difference between travel psychology and reading to influence why online travellers feel more negative emotion than online electronic book buyer.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781980741763
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
Get Book Here
Book Description
Introduction This book divides two parts. The first part explains online book store competitive effort. The second part explains online travel agent competitive effort. The first part explains online and offline book shop competition is serious. Book readers have these both channel to choose to buy either electronic book or paper book to study. How can traditional offlince book shop achieve strategy to compete online book shop ? What are online book shop weaknesses or strengths? What are traditional offline book shop weaknesses or strengths? What is future book publishing development trend? These questions will have suggestions to be given to book publishers to let them to learn more marketing strategies. The second part aims to explain what strategies will be different between online and offline travel agents . What are the strengths and weaknesses between online and offline travel agents? How can online travel agents win offline travel agents or how can offline travel agents win online travel? Why do travel consumers either choose online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to arrange travel trips? What factors will change their mind to influence them to choose to buy electronic air ticket or paper air ticket from either offline travel agents or online travel agents? Finally, I shall give my opinions to attempt to answer above questions. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to compare whether online travel agent competitive effort is more or online book store effort is more to develop their online sale market. Comparision on online book store and online travel agent competitive effort: In fact, travel agent is one kind of entertainment service industry. Online travel agent can apply online travel website to help travellers to choose any cheap air ticket, hotel, even transportation ticket to prebook to purchase from internet. Otherwise, book store is one kind of sale service. Online electronic book is one kind of reading method from internet. It give readers feel convenient and easy to read from laptop or mobile phone. However, I feel online travel agent competition will be difficult to compare to online book store. The reason is because online travel agent lacks individua travel agent explain any journey to let travellers to know by oral. So, some travellers will choose to walk in to travel agent office to enquire travel agent any journeys when they choose any countries to travel. Online travel agent can only provide air ticket price comparision and hotel choices to prebook service. This is online travel agent weakness. Otherwise, online book store can provide readers to read books from internet, so they do not need to walk in book store to choose book to buy and paper book is heavy, so some readers will prefer to choose electronic to read. Hence, it is the difference between travel psychology and reading to influence why online travellers feel more negative emotion than online electronic book buyer.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781980558606
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
Get Book Here
Book Description
Introduction This book divides two parts. The first part explains online book store competitive effort. The second part explains online travel agent competitive effort. The first part explains online and offline book shop competition is serious. Book readers have these both channel to choose to buy either electronic book or paper book to study. How can traditional offlince book shop achieve strategy to compete online book shop ? What are online book shop weaknesses or strengths? What are traditional offline book shop weaknesses or strengths? What is future book publishing development trend? These questions will have suggestions to be given to book publishers to let them to learn more marketing strategies. The second part aims to explain what strategies will be different between online and offline travel agents . What are the strengths and weaknesses between online and offline travel agents? How can online travel agents win offline travel agents or how can offline travel agents win online travel? Why do travel consumers either choose online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to arrange travel trips? What factors will change their mind to influence them to choose to buy electronic air ticket or paper air ticket from either offline travel agents or online travel agents? Finally, I shall give my opinions to attempt to answer above questions. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to compare whether online travel agent competitive effort is more or online book store effort is more to develop their online sale market. Comparision on online book store and online travel agent competitive effort: In fact, travel agent is one kind of entertainment service industry. Online travel agent can apply online travel website to help travellers to choose any cheap air ticket, hotel, even transportation ticket to prebook to purchase from internet. Otherwise, book store is one kind of sale service. Online electronic book is one kind of reading method from internet. It give readers feel convenient and easy to read from laptop or mobile phone. However, I feel online travel agent competition will be difficult to compare to online book store. The reason is because online travel agent lacks individua travel agent explain any journey to let travellers to know by oral. So, some travellers will choose to walk in to travel agent office to enquire travel agent any journeys when they choose any countries to travel. Online travel agent can only provide air ticket price comparision and hotel choices to prebook service. This is online travel agent weakness. Otherwise, online book store can provide readers to read books from internet, so they do not need to walk in book store to choose book to buy and paper book is heavy, so some readers will prefer to choose electronic to read. Hence, it is the difference between travel psychology and reading to influence why online travellers feel more negative emotion than online electronic book buyer.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781654966386
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Airline travel agency AirAsia in the domestic airline low cost strategyThere are three major characteristics of the airline industry namely is product nature, its expenditure structure and its market entry conditions. Airline agent's product is homogeneous or undifferentiated, causing significant competition in airline domestic travel or foreign travel both markets, which are free from regulations and economic barriers. However, high capital and operating expenditure is another important characteristic of the airline industry. Aircrafts, airlines' major capital expenditure are very costly to acquire . For operating expenditures, aviation fuel and labor make up the two major costs in the industry.Another important characteristic of the airline industry is the conditions for market entry, which differs between international and domestic airline markets . In the international travel market, airline travel agency entry is very difficult as international flights and routes are the results of regotiations between governments . On the other hand, in the domestic and regional travel market, travel agency entry depends on the level of deregulation or liberalisation. More and more countries, however are opening up their domestic travel markets for more competition. In addition, government plays an important role to regulate the travel markets and existing players may significant influence over now travel agent entrants.In fact, the mjor factors influence to international or domestic travel consumption increasing numbers are the global economy and safety issues, instead of other different economic factors, such as travel destination choice, electronic air ticket or paper air ticket price, hotel price, the country's political change, e.g. war occurrence, bad weather, e.g. very cold or very hot etc. different factors infuence. Because generally, the world or any region of it is in an economic crisis or depression, the demand for airline services will fall.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781980824411
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book divides two parts. The first part explains online book store competitive effort. The second part explains online travel agent competitive effort. The first part explains online and offline book shop competition is serious. Book readers have these both channel to choose to buy either electronic book or paper book to study. How can traditional offlince book shop achieve strategy to compete online book shop ? What are online book shop weaknesses or strengths? What are traditional offline book shop weaknesses or strengths? What is future book publishing development trend? These questions will have suggestions to be given to book publishers to let them to learn more marketing strategies. The second part aims to explain what strategies will be different between online and offline travel agents . What are the strengths and weaknesses between online and offline travel agents? How can online travel agents win offline travel agents or how can offline travel agents win online travel? Why do travel consumers either choose online travel agents or offline travel agents to help them to arrange travel trips? What factors will change their mind to influence them to choose to buy electronic air ticket or paper air ticket from either offline travel agents or online travel agents? Finally, I shall give my opinions to attempt to answer above questions. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to compare whether online travel agent competitive effort is more or online book store effort is more to develop their online sale market. Comparision on online book store and online travel agent competitive effort: In fact, travel agent is one kind of entertainment service industry. Online travel agent can apply online travel website to help travellers to choose any cheap air ticket, hotel, even transportation ticket to prebook to purchase from internet. Otherwise, book store is one kind of sale service. Online electronic book is one kind of reading method from internet. It give readers feel convenient and easy to read from laptop or mobile phone. However, I feel online travel agent competition will be difficult to compare to online book store. The reason is because online travel agent lacks individua travel agent explain any journey to let travellers to know by oral. So, some travellers will choose to walk in to travel agent office to enquire travel agent any journeys when they choose any countries to travel. Online travel agent can only provide air ticket price comparision and hotel choices to prebook service. This is online travel agent weakness. Otherwise, online book store can provide readers to read books from internet, so they do not need to walk in book store to choose book to buy and paper book is heavy, so some readers will prefer to choose electronic to read. Hence, it is the difference between travel psychology and reading to influence why online travellers feel more negative emotion than online electronic book buyer.
