Author: Jakob Bjerknes
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781378635414
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Gisela Kutzbach
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1940033802
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Gisela Kutzbach has provided an unparalleled account of the mainstream of meteorological thought during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This book takes us from the era of attempts to describe disturbances as mechanistic interactions of air currents, through Espy's introduction in the 1830's of the proposition that cyclones are convective systems driven by heat of condensation in central rainy areas, up to the distinctively different polar front theory of 1920, often considered as the birth of modern meteorology. Follies and controversies as well as successes are recounted, and in the tale the cast of characters, many of them acute observers or experimenters as well as theoreticians, and some crusty and dogmatic, are brought to life. The period was one in which basic concepts of thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and energy conversions emerged with parallel accommodations to the special needs of meteorology. Influences of the development of synoptic meteorology and early aerology are thoroughly treated, essential mathematical expositions are presented in their original forms with explications, and theories and analyses are illuminated by numerous well-chosen figures and quotations. Concise but complete, and written in a style easy to comprehend, the treatise is a lively account of a lively time in the development of science. Kutzbach has succeeded well in her objectives, to provide "an insight in the particular problems and methods of problem solving in nineteenth century meteorology" and to illustrate "that science is a human activity and that its development is an open-ended process involving the constant testing of hypotheses."
Author: John Michels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 604
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Author: Melyvn Shapiro
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1935704095
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
This book presents the expanded versions of invited papers presented at the International Symposium on the Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, held in Bergen, Norway, 27 June–1 July 1994. It is of particular interest to historians of meteorology, researchers and forecasters. The material can be used for advanced undergraduate and undergraduate meteorology courses, and it represents a useful source of references to extratropical cyclones. The book provides the historical background of extratropical cyclone research and forecasting from the eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. It also presents extratropical cyclone theory, observations, analysis, diagnosis and prediction.
Author: Robert Marc Friedman
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501731106
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
In this book, Robert Marc Friedman analyzes the revolution in the theory and practice of meteorology during the first quarter of the twentieth century, initiated by Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862–1951) and his collaborators. In contrast to the approach that had dominated meteorology since the late nineteenth century, their weather models and forecasting techniques marked a decisive turn to a dynamical–physical understanding of the atmosphere. Using a wide range of sources, both published and unpublished, Friedman traces the emergence of the new, so-called Bergen methodology and the process by which it transformed first Norwegian and then worldwide weather forecasting. The establishment of the new meteorology, he argues, was the result of a complaex interaction of scientific, social, and technological factors, and he gives special emphasis to the way in which Bjerknes adapted his mechanical physics of the atmosphere to benefit commercial purposes. By providing more reliable forecasts for farmers, fishermen, and especially for aviators, Bjerknes was able to nurture a school of disciples that could evert a profound influence on the international meteorological community, thereby increasing his own authority and that of the discipline he sought to shape. Friedman does an unusually subtle job of integrating the often opposing methods of the history and the sociology of science. He explains in detail how Bjerknes, a theoretical physicist, and his collaborators developed a new model of cyclone evolution and the first clear physical explanation of how weather happens. At the same time, Friedman demonstrates how conceptual change was interconnected with the Bergen school's striving to obtain political support at home and to dominate professional meteorology abroad. Appropriating the Weather is an invaluable contribution to our understanding of the processes in which scientific, institutional, and social factors interact to form scientific disciplines. It deserves wide readership among historians and sociologists of science and science policy makers, as well as meteorologists and other geophysical scientists. Winner of the Louis J. Battan Author's Award (American Meteorological Society) Winner of the Jehuda Neumann Memorial Prize for History (Royal Meteorological Society) One of eight classics of 20th-century continental European history of science (Isis, History of Science Society)
Author: LILJEQUIST
Publisher: Birkhäuser
ISBN: 3034851480
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Author: Shaowen Shou
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811986061
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive introduction of mesoscale meteorology which is one of the important branches of meteorology, studying majorly mesoscale atmospheric systems. It focuses on introduction of the basic knowledge about mesoscale meteorology. It contains the features and equation set of mesoscale atmospheric motions, the topographically forced mesoscale circulations, the gravity waves in free atmosphere, the front and jet stream, the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), the atmospheric instability, the factors effecting the development of MCSs, mesoscale weather diagnosis and forecasting. This book provides many figures and basic formulas to help reader understanding the basic knowledge. What is mesoscale weather system? How the mesoscale systems influence severe disaster weather? How to forecast the mesoscale severe disaster weather? You will find the answers in it. This book will be of interest to both graduate students majoring in meteorology and the meteorological researchers.
Author: Chester Newton
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1944970339
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
This book is composed of 12 review papers invited for the Palmen Memorial Symposium on Extratropical Cyclones held in Helsinki, Finland, 29 August - 2 September 1988. To celebrate the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor Erik Palmén, this symposium was organized to give a state-of-the-art picture of research on the structure and dynamics of extratropical cyclones, a topic which Palmén pioneered during the era of advances in aerological analysis. This symposium was organized by the Geophysical Society of Finland and the American Meteorological Society in cooperation with the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish Geophysical Societies. Extratropical Cyclones offers state-of-the-art information on extratropical cyclones, and recent findings by European and American authorities in various subject areas. The first two chapters discuss Palmen's works on cyclones and his early general circulation concepts. The ten chapters following chronicle the advances in understanding cyclones; the theory, structure, and physical processes of cyclones; orographic cyclogenesis; and more. Extratropical Cyclones also contains synoptic case analyses, modeling results, examples of the phenomena discussed, and abundant references. While particular aspects are emphasized in the individual contributions, the book as a whole summarizes the major features of various kinds of extratropical cyclones based on observational analyses, theory and numerical experimentation. This volume is of interest to researchers in dynamic and synoptic meteorology, climatology and mesometeorology, as well as in numerical modeling and weather forecasting. It is also useful for meteorology courses at graduate and upper undergraduate levels.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology
Languages : en
Pages : 736
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Book Description
Phenological report contained in vols. 3-71, issued as a supplement to vols. 73-74, missing from vols. 56-58, 60-62.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology
Languages : en
Pages : 702
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Book Description
