On the Relationship Between Tropical Convection and Clear Sky Upper Troposphere Moisture PDF Download
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Author: Wuyin Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tropics
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Author: Wuyin Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tropics
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Author: Dennis L. Hartmann
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080571638
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
Global Physical Climatology is an introductory text devoted to the fundamental physical principles and problems of climate sensitivity and change. Addressing some of the most critical issues in climatology, this text features incisive coverage of topics that are central to understanding orbital parameter theory for past climate changes, and for anthropogenic and natural causes of near-future changes--Key Features* Covers the physics of climate change* Examines the nature of the current climate and its previous changes* Explores the sensitivity of climate and the mechanisms by which humans are likely to produce near-future climate changes* Provides instructive end-of-chapter exercises and appendices
Author: Jing Feng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric (UTLS) water vapor plays an essential role in controlling the outgoing longwave radiation. Convection can affect UTLS water vapor through cross-tropopause transport and by modulating the tropopause temperature. However, this mechanism remains poorly quantified due to a lack of observations above convective storms. In this thesis, we aim to understand the role of convection in shaping the UTLS humidity structure by developing a novel retrieval method.Firstly, we develop a cloud-assisted retrieval method to obtain thermodynamic fields above a thick cloud layer using hyperspectral infrared observations. Based on the Optimal Estimation approach, this method iteratively retrieves temperature and water vapor profiles above a thick cloud layer, which is approximated as a slab with uniform ice density. The retrievability of water vapor is examined by using simulations that represent different instrument settings. These experiments demonstrate that observations from operational infrared sounders, such as AIRS and IASI, contain considerable information for retrieving UTLS water vapor above thick clouds. Interestingly, we find that the underlying cloud layer improves the performance of the retrieval method, compared to clear-sky conditions. Using AIRS observations, further validation with collocated aircraft data shows that this method can detect the elevated water vapor concentration due to convective moistening.We further discover that the cloud properties near the top of convective clouds lead to non-negligible spectral uncertainties in infrared radiances. These uncertainties can be alleviated, but not fully eliminated, by assuming a slab-cloud as in the cloud-assisted retrieval. To overcome this issue, we develop a synergistic method, which incorporates observations from active sensors and nearest reanalysis products in synergy with hyperspectral infrared observations. The improved synergistic method retrieves temperature, water vapor, and cloud properties simultaneously. A simulation experiment is designed to investigate whether retrieval methods can capture anomalous atmospheric conditions above deep convective clouds using existing instruments. We find that the synergistic method reduces the root-mean-square-errors in temperature and column-integrated water vapor by more than half and accurately reproduces the spatial distribution of temperature and humidity anomalies above convective storms.Finally, we implement the improved method by combining infrared radiance observations from AIRS L1B product, ice water content (IWC) profile and effective radius from DARDAR-Cloud, and also atmospheric profiles from ERA5 in the nearest grid. Applying this method to satellite overpasses over tropical cyclones (TCs), we construct a dataset that contains retrieved temperature, humidity above TCs. With a focus on the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), the influence of tropical cyclones on the TTL is investigated by creating composites of temperature, humidity, IWC, and radiative heating rates with respect to the distance to the cyclone centers. We find that overshooting convective clouds (DCC-OTs) greatly impact the TTL water budget. DCC-OTs contribute to 80% of the TTL cloud ice above cyclones and increase the column-integrated water vapor above the tropopause by up to 40% compared to the climatology. Other non-overshooting TTL clouds are found to be collocated with TTL temperature minimum and dehydration. Overall, the synergistic retrieval reveals that cyclones increase the stratospheric humidity above them. However, further radiative transfer calculations show that the increased moisture is typically associated with radiative cooling of the TTL, which inhibits the diabatic ascent of the moistened air. Therefore, the radiative balance of the TTL under the impact of the cyclone is not in favor of maintaining the moist anomalies in the TTL or transporting water vertically to the stratosphere"--
Author: Jonathon S. Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Convection (Meteorology)
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Factors governing the efficiency of convective moistening in the tropical upper troposphere between 15°Sand 15°N are investigated using observational satellite data together with a trajectory model. In particular, the relative roles of ambient temperature, convective ice water content, ice cloud effective radius, and ambient relative humidity with respect to ice are examined. Results indicate that humidity downstream from convection is dominated by temperature influences. The correlation between water vapor content and coldest previous temperature along the trajectory accounts for about half of water vapor variance. Cloud ice water content and ice cloud effective radius exert much less influence than temperature, but appear to be important secondary controls downstream. Ice is observed to both hydrate and dehydrate the upper troposphere, primarily as a function of ambient relative humidity; increases in water vapor mixing ratio are typically larger in areas with low ambient relative humidity, while convective detrainment tends to dehydrate regions of high ambient relative humidity. The limits of convective influence on water vapor in the upper troposphere are estimated to be about 36 hours and 600 km removed from convection, consistent with the lifetimes and travel distances of detrainment cirrus. Observations of water vapor are compared with the output of a simple model that includes only temperature influences on water vapor. The model and the observations are generally in good qualitative agreement, but the model is found to overpredict the occurrence of high humidities at all levels of detrainment. Potential applications and implications of these results are discussed.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites in earth sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Author: Judith A. Curry
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0121995704
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
Basic Concepts: Composition, Structure, and State. First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. Transfer Processes. Thermodynamics of Water. Nucleation and Diffusional Growth. Moist Thermodynamics Processes in the Atmosphere. Static Stability of the Atmosphere and Ocean. Cloud Characteristics and Processes. Ocean Surface Exchanges of Heat and Freshwater. Sea, Ice, Snow, and Glaciers. Thermohaline Processes in the Ocean. Special Topics: Global Energy and Entropy Balances. Thermodynamics Feedbacks in the Climate System. Planetary Atmospheres and Surface Ice. Appendices. Subject Index.
Author: R.K. Smith
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401588287
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
An up-to-date summary of our understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics of moist atmospheric convection, with a strong focus on recent developments in the field. The book also reviews ways in which moist convection may be parameterised in large-scale numerical models - a field in which there is still some controversy - and discusses the implications of convection for large-scale flow. Audience: The book is aimed at the graduate level and research meteorologists as well as scientists in other disciplines who need to know more about moist convection and its representation in numerical models.
Author: Roger G. Barry
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134969740
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology provides the first comprehensive account of the dynamical behaviour and mechanisms of the global climate system and its components, together with a modern survey of synoptic-scale weather systems in the tropics and extratropics, and of the methods and applications of synoptic climate classification. It is unrivalled in the scope and detail of its contents. The work is thoroughly up to date, with extensive bibliographies by chapter. It is illustrated with nearly 300 figures and plates. *Part 1 provides an introduction to the global climate system and the space-time scales of weather and climate processes, followed by a chapter on climate data and their analysis *Part 2 describes and explains the characteristics of the general circulation of the global atmosphere and includes the nature and causes of global teleconnection patterns *Part 3 discusses synoptic weather systems in the extratropics and tropics and satellite-based climatologies of synoptic features. It also describes the applications of synoptic climatology and summarises current climatic research and its directions.
Author: Sylvia Sullivan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119700310
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts Clouds are an influential and complex element of Earth’s climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention. Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall. Volume highlights include: Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements The role of machine learning in understanding clouds and climate The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 790
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Book Description
