Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264067620
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
This Test Guideline describes how to plan and carry out processing studies, i.e. determine residue levels in primary processed commodities following pesticide application on raw agriculture commodities (RAC) under conditions likely to lead to ...
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264203761
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
The objective of OECD Test Guidelines for the pesticide residue chemistry is to assess pesticide exposure by identifying these residues in food or animal feedstuffs for purposes of dietary risk assessment and setting Maximum Residue Levels. They ...
Author: Saravana Babu Chidambaram
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811660921
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
This book focuses on the principles, methods, and interpretation involved in establishing the safety, risk, and hazard assessment of small molecules. It presents the regulatory requirements for risk and hazard identification as per the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, and the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH and Schedule ‘Y’, India. It serves as reference material for undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy degree students as well as senior researchers to learn about the principles, methods, and interpretations of systemic dosage (acute and repeated dose) and genotoxicity (in vitro and in vivo), special toxicological investigations such as reproductive and developmental toxicology, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics using animal models or in vitro methods, as applicable. This book is the first of its kind in providing information on the principles and methods of implementation of Good Laboratory Practice based on the guidelines of OECD. It includes detailed chapters about the regulatory requirements and guidelines in pharmaceutical products and agrochemicals. It also describes the infrastructure needed for preclinical studies, including in vivo and in vitro facilities.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251092656
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
The FAO/WHO Manual on development and use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides contains general principles and methodologies of the work undertaken by JMPS, is the continuous evaluation of new scientific developments and guidance documents. The Manual gives the historical background of the operation of the JMPS and describes the purpose of the work. The Manual is also used by countries as a guidance document in setting pesticide specifications. This 3rd revision of the Manual contains n ew methodologies/principles developed in recent 5 years and incorporates the current working principles applied by the JMPS.
Author: Dennis J. Paustenbach
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111974296X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1319
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Book Description
Understand the fundamentals of human risk assessment with this introduction and reference Human risk assessments are a precondition for virtually all industrial action or environmental regulation, all the more essential in a world where chemical and environmental hazards are becoming more abundant. These documents catalog potential environmental, toxicological, ecological, or other harms resulting from a particular hazard, from chemical spills to construction projects to dangerous workplaces. They turn on a number of variables, of which the most significant is the degree of human exposure to the hazardous agent or process. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment combines the virtues of a textbook and reference work to introduce and analyze these vital documents. Beginning with the foundational theory of human health risk assessment, it then supplies case studies and detailed analysis illustrating the practice of producing risk assessment documents. Fully updated and authored by leading authorities in the field, the result is an indispensable work. Readers of the second edition of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment will also find: Over 40 entirely new case studies reflecting the latest in risk assessment practice Detailed discussion of hazards including air emissions, contaminated food and soil, hazardous waste sites, and many more Case studies from multiple countries to reflect diverse international standards Human and Ecological Risk Assessment is ideal for professionals and advanced graduate students in toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, environmental science, and all related subjects.
Author: Pankaj Bhatt
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832550576
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
The increasing use and the continuous development of pesticides are required to maintain sufficient global food production. The pesticide residues and their biotic and abiotic breakdown products may be harmful to the environment and may leach into waterways, thus it is crucial that the interactions of pesticides with microorganisms are deeply understood at all levels. Pesticides reach the soil via direct and indirect routes. The fate of the pesticides in the soil is affected by chemical, physical and microbiological factors. Microbial degradation of pesticides in soil is possible owing to the diverse metabolic capabilities of the microorganisms present, thus indigenous microbes act as biocatalysts for the remediation of the pesticides from the environment. The research topic will cover novel insights into microbial pesticide degradation with specific attention to the microbe-pesticide interactions in soil. To date researchers have focused on the degradation of pesticides using indigenous microbes with different degradation rate. There is scant information about the degradation intermediates, metabolic pathways, enzymes and complete set of factors involved into the microbes inhabiting into the pesticides contaminated soil. Therefore this Research Topic aims to contribute to the understanding of the role of microbes in pesticide degradation in soil. Since pesticide exposure may result in stress responses in the microbial population of the soil, there is also a need to know about the impact of pesticides on the microbial cell structure, membrane transporters, cellular content, metabolic pathways and gene expression. We are interested in reports of novel metabolic pathways, expression of the key genes in response to pesticide exposure and the changes in microbial physiology caused by pesticide exposure. The removal of the pesticides from the soil requires smart microbial methods that can reduce the pesticides concentration in a short time. The development of the smart bioremediation methods includes the direct application of the potential screened microbial strains and their enzymes. The immobilized microbial strains and their enzymes can be used for the rapid removal of the toxic pesticides from the soil environment. In addition, engineering of the microbial consortia can be developed as the potential smart bioremediation tool. Papers on single isolates or microbial communities are welcome as are reports of novel genes, enzymes or metabolites that might be used as markers of soil contamination. We would especially welcome manuscripts describing the application and development of smart soil bioremediation approaches that could be beneficial for the treatment of large scale contaminated agricultural and industrial soils. The research topic is of immediate interest to scientists and policy-makers and Frontiers in Microbiology is an ideal forum for a collection of novel, high-impact reports. The following themes are welcomes but not limited to: • Novel advancements into the microbe-pesticide interactions to clean the pesticide contaminated soil • High throughput screening of the potential bacterial, fungi and algae strains for the removal of pesticides from the contaminated soil • Smart soil bioremediation using indigenous microbial cultures and their purified enzymes • Microbial enzymes a smart tool for bioremediation of the soil • Engineering of the microbial consortia for the complete pesticides removal and resource recovery
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452058
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
Between 1973 and 2016, the ways to manipulate DNA to endow new characteristics in an organism (that is, biotechnology) have advanced, enabling the development of products that were not previously possible. What will the likely future products of biotechnology be over the next 5â€"10 years? What scientific capabilities, tools, and/or expertise may be needed by the regulatory agencies to ensure they make efficient and sound evaluations of the likely future products of biotechnology? Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology analyzes the future landscape of biotechnology products and seeks to inform forthcoming policy making. This report identifies potential new risks and frameworks for risk assessment and areas in which the risks or lack of risks relating to the products of biotechnology are well understood.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309184134
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
The Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Food Forum was established in 1993 to allow science and technology leaders in the food industry, top administrators in the federal government, representatives from consumer interest groups, and academicians to discuss and debate food and food safety issues openly and in a neutral setting. The Forum provides a mechanism for these diverse groups to identify possible approaches for addressing food and food safety problems and issues surrounding the often complex interactions among industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and consumers. On May 6-7, 1997, the Forum convened a workshop titled Enhancing the Regulatory Decision-Making Process for Direct Food Ingredient Technologies. Workshop speakers and participants discussed legal aspects of the direct food additive approval process, changes in science and technology, and opportunities for reform. Two background papers, which can be found in Appendix A and B, were shared with the participants prior to the workshop. The first paper provided a description and history of the legal framework of the food ingredient approval process and the second paper focused on changes in science and technology practices with emphasis placed on lessons learned from case studies. This document presents a summary of the workshop.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251305056
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264061924
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
The aim of these studies is to demonstrate the time period for which stability has been shown in representative commodities from crops. Freezer storage stability studies should include sufficient starting material and should have a sufficiently high ...
