OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264531718
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 119

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Book Description
Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264531718
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 119

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Book Description
Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.

OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand 2019 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264883894
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195

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Book Description
Well-being in New Zealand is generally high, although there is room for improvement in incomes, housing affordability, distribution, water quality and GHG emissions. Economic growth is projected to remain around 21⁄2 per cent. The main risks to the outlook are rising trade restrictions and a housing market correction. Labour market reforms have been initiated to increase wages for the low paid but will need to be implemented cautiously to minimise potential adverse effects. Substantial planned increases in bank capital requirements should reduce the expected costs of financial crises but might reduce economic activity.

OECD Economic Surveys: India 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: India 2019 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264823514
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
India has been a growth champion in recent years and has succeeded in taming inflation, the current account deficit and non-performing loans. India's participation in the global economy has risen, with outstanding performances in some services, while the largest diaspora in the world is an asset in developing new markets. India has also lifted many millions of people out of poverty and has made access to housing for all a priority. Ambitious structural reforms -- including better targeted household support, financial inclusion initiatives, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, the new approach to federalism and the corporate income tax reform -- have played a key role.

OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 2019 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264748075
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Book Description
Swiss citizens continue to enjoy high living standards on a range of dimensions. Economic growth has slowed but the healthy labour market is still supporting incomes and consumption. However, risks to the outlook are building. Monetary policy has been very accommodative but low interest rates are adding to financial risks. Fiscal policy is sound and debt low. There is scope to make greater use of available fiscal space. Adapting to population ageing is becoming pressing. This trend, along with digital transformation, will bring new opportunities for the economy and society, but challenges as well. Policies have not kept up with rising life expectancy, particularly the statutory retirement age. Updating the pension system and lowering barriers to working longer would ensure that workers continue to receive adequate incomes during retirement.

OECD Economic Surveys: China 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: China 2019 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264312269
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Book Description
The Economic Survey of China assesses the country’s recent macroeconomic performance and proposes policy measures to promote higher-quality growth. Policy recommendations relate to how to integrate product and labour markets and enhance inclusiveness.

Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide

Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264043462
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Book Description
A guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. In particular, this handbook is concerned with indicators which compare and rank country performance.

OECD Economic Surveys: Malaysia 2021

OECD Economic Surveys: Malaysia 2021 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264801545
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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Book Description
Like many other countries, Malaysia was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic starting in early 2020. Its past policy prudence has allowed Malaysia to react swiftly and boldly to the public health and economic crisis.

OECD Economic Surveys

OECD Economic Surveys PDF Author: Oecd
Publisher: OECD
ISBN: 9789264230071
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Book Description
This OECD Economic Survey of China examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. Special chapters cover skills and education as well as rural development.

World Investment Report 2019

World Investment Report 2019 PDF Author: United Nations Publications
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789211129496
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236

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Book Description
This report focuses on special economic zones (SEZs) which are widely used across most developing and many developed economies. It explores the place of SEZs in today's global investment landscape and provides guidance for policymakers on how to make SEZs work for sustainable development. It presents international investment trends and prospects at global, regional and national levels, as well as the evolution of international production and global value chains. It analyses the latest developments in new policy measures for investment promotion, facilitation and regulation around the world.

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2022

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2022 PDF Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264578005
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121

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Book Description
Since its independence, Estonia has made tremendous progress towards greater economic prosperity. Estonia enjoys solid institutions, political stability, a strong and credible fiscal policy, as well as a robust financial sector. Estonia is also a frontrunner in digital governance and innovation. Stable and secure digital services are in fact one of the factors that have allowed Estonia to cushion better than others the sanitary and economic shock from the pandemic.