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Author: Nerys Williams
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040174493
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
The first guide to cover aspects of voice loss from an occupational health perspective, this reference covers procedures to detect, assess, and prevent voice loss in schools, industrial facilities, and other workplace environments, as well as covers occupational groups at risk and risk factors for developing voice loss-analyzing various chemical, e
Author: Nerys Williams
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040174493
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Get Book Here
Book Description
The first guide to cover aspects of voice loss from an occupational health perspective, this reference covers procedures to detect, assess, and prevent voice loss in schools, industrial facilities, and other workplace environments, as well as covers occupational groups at risk and risk factors for developing voice loss-analyzing various chemical, e
Author: Abdul-Latif Hamdan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030698319
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive review of causes of voice changes in athletes and coaches, the clinical presentation of laryngeal dysfunction, and its different treatment modalities. The authors discuss the predisposing factors of these changes including the use of anabolic steroids, and highlight the pathophysiology of voice disorders in sports-occupational voice users who very often need to vocalize outdoors and/or while performing strenuous exercise over noise. Chapters cover the literature on vocal health risk factors in the sports industry; the common phonatory disturbances in athletes, fitness instructors and coaches; sports-related laryngeal trauma; the impact of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries on phonation; vocal fold dysfunction in athletes, as well as the adverse effect of anabolic steroids intake on occupational voice users. An updated, brief review of the anatomy and physiology of phonation, with guidelines on the work-up and treatment of common laryngeal pathologies in patients with voice disorders is included. A well-focused description of the interplay between musculoskeletal injuries, hyperkinetic body behavior, laryngeal hyperfunction and voice disorders in athletes and coaches is also provided, and the prevalence and pathophysiology of exercise-induced laryngeal dysfunction is discussed in depth. The text concludes with a thorough examination of laryngeal trauma in athletes, clinical presentations, diagnostic work-up and management. Voice Disorders in Athletes, Coaches and other Sports Professionals will be a go to resource for otolaryngologists, laryngologists, speech-language pathologists, voice therapists, sports-occupational voice users, sports medicine physicians, and physical therapists.
Author: Louise Cummings
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107154871
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
This is a collection of 48 highly useful case studies of children and adults with communication disorders.
Author: Philippe H. Dejonckere
Publisher: Kugler Publications
ISBN: 9789062991792
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Introduction The concept of occupational voice disorders Philippe H. Dejonckere "People using their voice professionally are at risk for occupational voice diseases, and require specific prevention and treatment" was the topic focused on by the third Pan European Voice Conference, organized in August 1999 at Utrecht University. The present book includes the main tutorial lectures, with reviews of the most relevant research data and opinions regarding this specific area of concern. Occupational voice users include not only singers and actors, but also teachers, politicians, lawyers, clergymen, telephone operators, etc.(1). The pathogenesis of voice disorders in such patients can be primarily related to their occupation, and thus, after adequate differential diagnosis, these need to be recognized as true occupational diseases, in the same way as, for example, occupational hearing loss (2). A surfeit of information is available on the potential damage from exposure to excessive noise levels(3,4). Noise-induced hearing loss is generally recognized as a typical occupational disease. The relationship between dose and effect is clear, as is documented in publications by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) (5). The dose combines intensity and duration, and therefore, the concept of dosimetry is of major importance. Also of importance is the definition of the safe limits for exposure to noise. However, factors regarding individual susceptibility to noise and the reversibility of early effects also have to be considered, as well as possible preventive indices of noise-induced hearing loss (6). In some - but not all - respects, noise-induced hearing loss may be considered as a useful model for occupational voice disorders. Epidemiology Titze (7) compared the percentage of the US working population and of the voice-clinic load for different occupation categories: for example, telephone marketers constitute only 0.78% of the total workforce, but 2.3% of the clinic load; teachers represent 4.2% of the US workforce and 20% of the voice-clinic load. Studies based on questionnaires have suggested that teachers and aerobic instructors are at high risk for disabilities from voice disorders, and that these health problems may have significant work-related and economic effects (8,9). For example, Russel et al.(10) investigated the prevalence of self-reported voice problems in teachers: 16% of teachers reported voice problems on the day of the survey, 20% during the current teaching year, and 19% at some time during their career. Roughly speaking, we can conclude from the several studies published during the 1990s that about 20% of teachers experience voice disorders (11). Voice dosimetry Objective measurement of vocal use and vocal load is necessary for the identification of activities and working conditions that are at risk. Voice dosimeters can provide information on the total vocalization time and sound pressure level over a whole working day, in a real life situation (12-14). Just as noise dosimeters define acceptable levels of noise exposure, voice dosimeters help to define the average acceptable limits for vocal load. Hyperphonation Repeated mechanical vibrations transmitted to the body tissues by engines or machines are known to be able of eliciting - in certain conditions - specific kinds of pathology, which are also considered to be occupational diseases (15,16). The vibration may involve the whole body (e.g., in a vehicle) or mainly the hand, wrist, elbow, or shoulder (hand-held power tools). There are standards in the field of occupational health that stipulate the acceptable limits for tissue acceleration values, depending on the frequency (17). Titze's calculations suggest that the risk of damage from tissue vibration is exceeded by occupational vocalists, such as telephone marketers and teachers (18). In the last few years, much new and important information has materialized on the dangers of 'hyperphonation', i.e., loud and prolonged phonation beyond the physiological range. Laboratory experiments on canine larynges, hyper-phonated in vivo under anesthesia, demonstrated obvious damage to vocal fold epithelia (19). The basement membrane shows early lesions and seems to be particularly sensitive (20). A clinical study by Mann et al.(21) in drill sergeants, demonstrated significant increases in vocal fold edema, erythema and edge irregularity, and decreases in vocal fold mucosal wave and amplitude of excursion, following a five-day training period Voice fatigue, relief and recovery According to Titze (18) , two different aspects must be considered: Muscle fatigue: the muscle chemistry needs to be reset for the following contractions. Epithelial cells may die and be shed, due to repeated traumata. New cells have to develop underneath. Collagen and elastin fibers may have separated from the structural matrix of the lamina propria, and have to be removed and replaced by the fibroblasts. Detached protein debris will be removed and re-used by the fibroblasts to make new protein fibers that will support the connective tissue structure. Therefore, minor destruction and repair is continuous. Can the regenerative processes keep up with the destructive process, and what are the physiological time constants in these processes? When there is damage to the joints, ligaments, tendons, or other connective tissue, the recovery time will be proportional to the amount of localized tissue injury that has occurred. If muscle fatigue is the only complaint, the recovery period required will probably be shorter. Hypothetical curves for tissue injury and the recovery period for human phonation have been suggested by Titze (18). Nevertheless, vocal fatigue is still difficult to identify in practical and clinical situations, and Buekers has questioned the clinical relevance of voice endurance tests (13,14). Environmental factors The relative humidity of the air affects vocal function: the most common subjective complaints of teachers with regard to their working environment are the dryness and dustiness of the air. Professional singers note that singing is more difficult in a dry environment: dry air puts an increased strain on the phonatory apparatus and raises the demands on its efficacious and appropriate use (22). The human voice is very sensitive to decreases in the relative humidity of inhaled air because, in experimental conditions, even after short provocation, a significant increase in perturbation measures has been found (23). Noise is also a very common and relatively well-known risk factor in the working environment of professional voice users. It has been observed that the sound level of the speaking voice significantly increases in ambient noise levels starting from 40 dB (A) (about 3 dB for each 10 dB increase in ambient noise), due to the Lombard effect (24,25). In kindergartens, for example, noise levels have been found to vary between 75 and 80 dB (A) (26,27). Effects of stress Mendoza and Carballo investigated the effects of experimentally induced stress on voice characteristics (28). In conditions of stress, induced by means of a stressful environment and cognitive workload tasks, they observed: 1. an increase in F o with respect to baseline; 2. a decrease in pitch perturbation quotient and in amplitude perturbation quotient; 3. a lower presence of turbulent noise in the spectral zone in which the existence of harmonic components is not expected (2800-5800 Hz), with respect to harmonic energy in the 70-4500 Hz range; 4. an increase in harmonic energy in the 1600-4500 Hz range with respect to harmonic energy in the 70-1600 Hz range. The increase in F o seems to be considered a universal indicator of stress and of cognitive workload, as is the lowering of F o perturbation. The response to a stressful stimulus demands a high level of activation, which in turn produces elevated ergotropic arousal that would cause an increase in the tension of the vocal muscles, producing a higher and more tense voice. Mattiske et al. (29) report that teachers seem to experience a significant degree of stress during their work (30) , and there is some research evidence that anxiety and stress are associated with the development of voice problems (31). Marks (32) compares teachers' voices with those of nurses, and finds that psychological stress is reported more frequently by teachers. There are indications that stress, psychological tension, personality, and other psychological factors, may play an important role in voicing problems among teachers (30,33,34). Vocal fold lesions Phonotrauma may result in typical vocal fold lesions, to be interpreted as a direct consequence of mechanical stress and/or as tissue reaction to that stress. Vocal fold nodules and polyps are classical examples (35,36) , but also contact ulcerations/ granulomas of the vocal processes (35,36,37) , if not induced by acid re-flux. Vocal fold hemorrhage is generally consecutive to acute phonotrauma (35). Depending on reversibility and context, microsurgery may become indicated as an important element of the treatment (38,39). Care and cure Patients with occupational voice disorders should benefit from specific medical and paramedical treatments, as well as from technical aids, with respect to their particular pathogenesis. There are major economical aspects at stake, and occupational rehabilitation plays an important role. In a few cases, compensation and professional re-orientation is necessary. Outcomes of the various possible treatment strategies have still to be investigated. However, prevention is still essential. There are indications that vocal hygiene education programs could improve the voice by reducing vocal abuse in daily life and by practising specific strategies to maintain classroom order and to reduce the use of the voice during teaching (40). Further research is needed to demonstrate the usefulness of prevention strategies on the incidence of actual voice disorders.
Author: Byung-Joo Lee
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811633037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
This book provides step-by-step illustrated descriptions of diverse vocal fold injection techniques, including some not previously described. The aim is to provide laryngologists in general, and especially those who are less experienced, with the detailed understanding and guidance needed in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Highly experienced experts describe approaches via the transoral, transnasal, and transcutaneous routes and offer guidance on indications, injection materials, pre- and postoperative care, and the management of complications. Special considerations that must be borne in mind when employing different vocal fold injection techniques, in different settings, are also carefully explained. In offering comprehensive, up-to-date information on this minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure, Vocal Fold Injection will be an essential aid for practitioners.
Author: Kiyoshi Makiyama
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811036985
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
This book discusses the aging voice, one of the interesting issues related to aging. Population aging is an issue in most developed countries, where both physicians and specialists are required to improve clinical and scientific practice for elderly adults. In particular, the need for expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of aging voice pathologies is increasing continually. New developments in regenerative medicine have taken care for the aging voice to new level, and the contributors to this book use their wealth of experience in the field of the aging voice to present the latest advances in this field. This book is a unique resource, providing new perspectives for physicians, clinicians and health care workers who are interested in the aging voice.
Author: John H. Esling
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108498426
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Offers a new model of vocal tract articulation that explains laryngeal and oral voice quality, both auditorily and visually, through language examples and familiar voices.
Author: Katherine Verdolini
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135600201
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
To date, there are 300 disorders associated with voice, but until now there has never been a published reference manual that classifies these disorders. Borrowing from the successful organization schema of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM), the Classification Manual for Voice Disorders-I provides the framework for classifying voice disorders using the following criteria for each disorder: essential and associated features; vocal impairment; clinical history and demographic profile; course and complications; medical and voice differential diagnosis; and severity criteria. Classification Manual for Voice Disorders-I is a project of ASHA’s Special Interest Division 3, Voice and Voice Disorders (DIV 3), originally directed by contributing authors Moya Andrews, Diane Bless, Daniel Boone, Janina Casper, Leslie Glaze, Mike Karnell, Christy Ludlow, and Joe Stemple. The text was edited over a period of several years by the authoritative group of voice disorders professionals, including Katherine Verdolini, Clark Rosen, and Ryan Branski. This version represents the fields of speech-language pathology, voice science, and otolaryngology. CMVD-I lists most conditions that may negatively affect the ability to produce voice, based on the most current knowledge. These conditions comprise 30 structural pathologies, 25 neurological disorders, 20 aerodigestive conditions, 13 psychological disturbances, 15 systemic diseases, four inflammatory processes, four traumatic conditions, and five miscellaneous voice disorders. CMVD-I is a must-have resource for professionals who specialize in voice disorders, especially speech-language pathologists and otolaryngologists. The handy organization of this reference makes it a convenient and accessible resource for voice coaches and teachers of singing. It will also be invaluable as a textbook in master’s-level communication sciences programs throughout the world. Proceeds received by Division 3 will be used to support the mission of Special Interest Division 3, which provides continuing education and networking opportunities to promote leadership and advocacy for voice issues from professional, clinical, educational, and scientific perspectives.
Author: Janina K. Casper
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 9780781742399
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
Now in its 3rd edition, this book emphasizes the physiological perspective of voice disorders & the behavioral & emotional factors that can influence these changes. Coverage includes in-depth explorations of patient-interviewing, history-taking, examination & testing.
Author: Abdulsalam Al-Qahtani
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303054088X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 759
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Book Description
This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in otolaryngology, discussing all the newly advances in the subspecialties of head and neck, plastics, otology, laryngology, rhinology and pediatrics, and also addressing topics like allergy, sleep medicine, trauma, and the fundamentals of systemic diseases that frequently manifest in the head and neck region. The book is divided into 9 sections, presenting the recent literature concerning all the subspecialties in otolaryngology and providing the information necessary for readers to gain an understanding of the field of otolaryngology. Each chapter includes definitions, key points and take-home messages, to aid learning. Throughout the book, tips and key features are highlighted with boxes, tables and figures, which the reader can refer back to for quick revision. Above all, the book enables medical students, residents and junior specialists in the field of ENT to develop their learning and surgical skills.
