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Author: Julian P. McCreary
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811958645
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 523
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Book Description
The book is the first to focus on the physical oceanography of the North Indian Ocean (NIO), a special region of the global ocean that exhibits a distinct seasonality due to the impact of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM). It is written as a textbook about the NIO for graduate students, lecturers, and researchers in physical oceanography. It will also be useful for courses on the interior, coastal, and equatorial dynamics in any other ocean. It helps readers, particularly new entrants to the field, to gain a comprehensive understanding of tropical-ocean dynamics by: developing from first principles the equation set for the linear continuously stratified (LCS) model, which has long been used to study tropical oceans; and then obtaining solutions that explore different aspects of the dynamics. Part 1 of the book provides an overview of observed ocean circulations and forcing functions in the NIO that are linked to the SAM. Part 2 develops the equations of motion for the LCS model. Part 3 (Free Waves) and Part 4 (Forced Solutions) derive and discuss analytic solutions to the LCS model that illustrate basic processes in the interior (unbounded), coastal, and equatorial regions of the ocean. The last two chapters of Part 4 consider more complicated processes and phenomena that build upon the simpler solutions previously found: vertical propagation of coastal and equatorial waves, and the Indian Ocean's shallow overturning circulations. Each analytic solution is illustrated (and extended) by a suite of numerical LCS solutions presented as video clips, providing a powerful means for visualizing complex processes.
Author: Julian P. McCreary
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811958645
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 523
Get Book Here
Book Description
The book is the first to focus on the physical oceanography of the North Indian Ocean (NIO), a special region of the global ocean that exhibits a distinct seasonality due to the impact of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM). It is written as a textbook about the NIO for graduate students, lecturers, and researchers in physical oceanography. It will also be useful for courses on the interior, coastal, and equatorial dynamics in any other ocean. It helps readers, particularly new entrants to the field, to gain a comprehensive understanding of tropical-ocean dynamics by: developing from first principles the equation set for the linear continuously stratified (LCS) model, which has long been used to study tropical oceans; and then obtaining solutions that explore different aspects of the dynamics. Part 1 of the book provides an overview of observed ocean circulations and forcing functions in the NIO that are linked to the SAM. Part 2 develops the equations of motion for the LCS model. Part 3 (Free Waves) and Part 4 (Forced Solutions) derive and discuss analytic solutions to the LCS model that illustrate basic processes in the interior (unbounded), coastal, and equatorial regions of the ocean. The last two chapters of Part 4 consider more complicated processes and phenomena that build upon the simpler solutions previously found: vertical propagation of coastal and equatorial waves, and the Indian Ocean's shallow overturning circulations. Each analytic solution is illustrated (and extended) by a suite of numerical LCS solutions presented as video clips, providing a powerful means for visualizing complex processes.
Author: Swadhin Behera
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128058641
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
The tropical oceans play important roles in the global climate system through ocean transports of heat and freshwater as well as ocean–atmosphere interactions. The developments in observational networks during recent decades have helped us to quantify the strength and variability of most of the ocean general circulations responsible for the transports. Those are discussed in detail in individual sections covering each tropical basin separately with a special emphasis on recent research results. Shallow overturning cells observed in all three tropical basins as well as the deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are such examples that are linked to ocean and climate variations on multiple timescales. In addition, tropical ocean–atmosphere interactions associated with oceanic planetary waves cause large-scale climate variations such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole, Atlantic Niño, and ENSO Modoki. Recent advances in numerical modeling augmented by in situ and satellite observations are helping the research community to understand ocean process and to predict associated climate variations on seasonal to longer timescales.
Author: Shiro Imawaki
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128058625
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Strong, persistent currents along the western boundaries of the world’s major ocean basins are called “western boundary currents” (WBCs). This chapter describes the structure and dynamics of WBCs, their roles in basin-scale circulation, regional variability, and their influence on atmosphere and climate. WBCs are largely a manifestation of wind-driven circulation; they compensate the meridional Sverdrup transport induced by the winds over the ocean interior. Some WBCs also play a role in the global thermohaline circulation, through inter-gyre and inter-basin water exchanges. After separation from the boundary, most WBCs have zonal extensions, which exhibit high eddy kinetic energy due to flow instabilities, and large surface fluxes of heat and carbon dioxide. The WBCs described here in detail are the Gulf Stream, Brazil and Malvinas Currents in the Atlantic, the Somali and Agulhas Currents in the Indian, and the Kuroshio and East Australian Current in the Pacific Ocean.
Author: Angela Colling
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 9780750652780
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
The atmosphere and the ocean -- Ocean currents -- The North Atlantic gyre : observations and theories -- Other major current systems -- Global fluxes and the deep circulation.
Author: Avijit Gangopadhyay
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000539059
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
Introduction to Ocean Circulation and Modeling provide basics for physical oceanography covering ocean properties, ocean circulations and their modeling. First part of the book explains concepts of oceanic circulation, geostrophy, Ekman, Sverdrup dynamics, Stommel and Munk problems, two-layer dynamics, stratification, thermal and salt diffusion, vorticity/instability, and so forth. Second part highlights basic implementation framework for ocean models, discussion of different models, and their unique differences from the common framework with basin-scale modeling, regional modeling, and interdisciplinary modeling at different space and time scales. Features: Covers ocean properties, ocean circulations and their modeling. Explains the centrality of a rotating earth and its implications for ocean and atmosphere in a simple manner. Provides basic facts of ocean dynamics. Illustrative diagrams for clear understanding of key concepts. Outlines interdisciplinary and complex models for societal applications. The book aims at Senior Undergraduate Students, Graduate Students and Researchers in Ocean Science and Engineering, Ocean Technology, Physical Oceanography, Ocean Circulation, Ocean Modeling, Dynamical Oceanography and Earth Science.
Author: Sarah Stryker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The physical oceanography in the northwest Indian Ocean is largely controlled by the seasonal monsoon. The seasonal variability in circulation is complex. Many studies have investigated processes in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Arabian Sea, but little is understood about the Sea of Oman. This thesis incorporated observations from Argo floats, surface drifters and satellite imagery to study the deep and surface circulation in the northwest Indian Ocean. An assessment of four independent moorings located in the Sea of Oman and Arabian Sea, as well as a model skill comparison of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) model, contributed to understanding the dynamics in this region. Spatial patterns of surface current velocity produced from surface drifter data from 1995-2009 agreed with previously known surface currents. The Somali Current, East Arabian Current, Equatorial Current, Northeast/Southwest Monsoon Current, Great Whirl and Ras al Hadd Jet were all identified. During the Southwest Monsoon, flow direction was to the east and southeast in the Arabian Sea. The Somali Current flowed northeast along the Somali Coast extending to the East Arabian Current along the Oman coast. During the Northeast Monsoon, evaporation increased over the Arabian Sea, which resulted in a salinity gradient. This imbalance caused low-salinity surface water from the northeast Indian Ocean to flow into the northwest Indian Ocean as the Northeast Monsoon Current. Current direction reversed with the change of wind direction from the Southwest Monsoon to the Northwest Monsoon. Many characteristics seen at the surface were also identified in the subsurface as deep as 1500m. The comparison of moored observations to the Argo observations co-located in space and time showed reasonable agreement with the largest salinity difference of 0.23 and largest temperature difference of 0.78?C. The Murray Ridge mooring had a temperature correlation of 0.97 when compared to Argo observations. Argo observations were compared with SODA model numerical output from 1992-2001, and, after Argo, were assimilated from 2002-2009. With assimilation of Argo data into the SODA model, the temperature and salinity from the model numerical output improved, with most differences between model numerical output and Argo observations falling within one standard deviation.
Author: G.T. Csanady
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401710414
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
For some time there has existed an extensive theoretical literature relating to tides on continental shelves and also to the behavior of estuaries. Much less attention was traditionally paid to the dynamics of longer term, larger scale motions (those which are usually described as circulation') over continental shelves or in enclosed shallow seas such as the North American Great Lakes. This is no longer the case: spurred on by other disciplines, notably biological oceanography, and by public concern with the environment, the physical science of the coastal ocean has made giant strides during the last two decades or so. Today, it is probably fair to say that coastal ocean physics has come of age as a deduc tive quantitative science. A well developed body of theoretical models exist, based on the equations of fluid motion, which have been related to observed currents, sea level variations, water properties, etc. Quantitative parameters required in using the models to predict e.g. the effects of wind or of freshwater influx on coastal currents can be estimated within reasonable bounds of error. While much remains to be learned, and many exciting discoveries presumably await us in the future, the time seems appropriate to summarize those aspects of coastal ocean dynamics relevant to 'circulation' or long term motion.
Author: Caroline C. Ummenhofer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128232862
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System provides an overview of our contemporary understanding of the Indian Ocean (geology, atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, biogeochemistry) and its role in the climate system. It describes the monsoon systems, Indian Ocean circulation and connections with other ocean basins. Climatic phenomena in the Indian Ocean are detailed across a range of timescales (seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal). Biogeochemical and ecosystem variability is also described. The book will provide a summary of different tools (e.g., observations, modeling, paleoclimate records) that are used for understanding Indian Ocean variability and trends. Recent trends and future projections of the Indian Ocean, including warming, extreme events, ocean acidification and deoxygenation will be detailed. The Indian Ocean is unique and different from other tropical ocean basins due to its geography. It is traditionally under-observed and understudied, yet plays a fundamental role for regional and global climate. The vagaries of the Asian monsoon affect over a billion people and a third of the global population live in the vicinity of the Indian Ocean. It is also particularly vulnerable to climate change, with robust warming and trends in heat and freshwater observed in recent decades. Advances have recently been made in our understanding of the Indian Ocean’s circulation, interactions with adjacent ocean basins, and its role in regional and global climate. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in understanding, observing, modeling, and predicting Indian Ocean variability and change across a range of timescales. As such, this book is the perfect compendium to any researcher, student, teacher/lecturer in the fields of oceanography, atmospheric science, paleoclimate, environmental science, meteorology and geology, as well as policy managers and water resource managers. Provides interdisciplinary content with a comprehensive overview for students and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines as well as for stakeholders Presents a broad overview and background on the current state of knowledge of the variability, change, and regional impacts of the Indian Ocean Includes links to animations, slideshows, and other educational resources
Author: Joseph Pedlosky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540604891
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
An overview of the advances made in the last decade and a half in this field. Based on an advanced graduate level course, the book represents fundamental insights into the structure of the physical theory of the large-scale dynamics of the oceans. The author has maintained throughout a blend of analytical and numerical results so as to achieve as deep a physical understanding of the dynamics of the large-scale circulations as possible. The results of the theories are compared with observations and the success or inadequacies of the theories are highlighted. Topics of particular interest are: theory of the wind-driven circulation, the thermocline, the equatorial circulation and the abyssal circulation. Much of the material - previously scattered throughout the literature - has been collated here for the first time.
Author: Bulusu Subrahmanyam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
