Non-equilibrium Collective Phenomena in Disordered and Fluctuating Systems PDF Download
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Author: Rava Da Silveira
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Author: Rava Da Silveira
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Author: Faghfoor Maghrebi Faghfoor M.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
In this thesis, we investigate the implications of fluctuations in systems away, possibly even far, from equilibrium due to their motion either in or out of thermal equilibrium. This subject encompasses several topics in physics including the dynamical Casimir effect in the presence of moving boundaries, and non-contact friction between objects in relative motion. In both cases, photons are created due to the coupling of the motion and zero-point fluctuations in the vacuum, resulting in dissipation and radiative loss. We introduce a general formalism, equally applicable to lossy and ideal objects, to compute the quantum radiation and dissipation effects solely in terms of the classical scattering matrices. We obtain trace formulas which are general and independent of any approximation scheme where numerous examples, many novel, are discussed in great detail. Specifically, we give an exact treatment of quantum fluctuations in the context of a neutral rotating object, and show that it spontaneously emits photons and drags objects nearby, and compute the associated photon statistics and entropy generation. In the context of non-contact friction, we find a quantum analog of the classical Cherenkov effect for two neutral plates in relative motion, purely due to quantum fluctuations. We present a number of arguments and exact proofs, including a method introduced in the context of quantum field theory in curved space, as well as the scattering approach, to show that a friction force between two plates appears at a threshold velocity set by the speed of light in their medium.
Author: Günter Radons
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540268693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
Phase transitions in disordered systems and related dynamical phenomena are a topic of intrinsically high interest in theoretical and experimental physics. This book presents a unified view, adopting concepts from each of the disjoint fields of disordered systems and nonlinear dynamics. Special attention is paid to the glass transition, from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints, to modern concepts of pattern formation, and to the application of the concepts of dynamical systems for understanding equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of fluids and solids. The content is accessible to graduate students, but will also be of benefit to specialists, since the presentation extends as far as the topics of ongoing research work.
Author: Joshua Paul Steimel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
Active matter systems have very recently received a great deal of interest due to their rich emergent non-equilibrium behavior. Some of the most vital and ubiquitous biological systems and processes are active matter systems including reproduction, wound healing, dynamical adaptation, chemotaxis, and cell differentiation. Active matter systems span multiple length scales from meter to nanometer and can vary depending on the shape of the active agent, mode of motility, and environment. However, active matter systems are unified in that they are all composed of active units or particles that continuously convert ambient, stored, or chemical energy locally into motion and exhibit emergent non-equilibrium collective dynamical or phase behavior. Active matter systems have been studied extensively in the biological context, as well as in simulation and theory. However, there are relatively few artificial or synthetic experimental model soft active matter systems that can effectively mimic the rich emergent behavior exhibited by many active matter systems. Such model experimental systems are crucial not only to confirm the exotic behavior predicted by theoretical and simulation systems, but to study and investigate the underlying physical phenomenon which may contribute to or even drive some emergent phenomenon. These model systems are crucial to help determine what behavior is due to purely physical phenomenon and what behavior requires some type of biological or biochemical stimuli. In this thesis, I will develop several artificial experimental model active matter systems that are able to effectively mimic and reproduce some of the rich emergent non-equilibrium behavior exhibited by several active matter systems or processes, like chemotaxis, in order to uncover the underlying physical phenomenon that govern this emergent behavior. I will start by designing an extremely simple active matter system composed of a single active unit and then build up in complexity by adding many active components, changing the mode of motility, and including passive components which may or may not be fixed. I will show in this thesis that this emergent behavior is guided by fundamental physical phenomenon like friction and the mechanical properties of the environment. The thesis divides this study into two Parts. In Part I, I will develop an artificial soft active matter system that is able to effectively perform chemotaxis in a non-equilibrium manner by leveraging the concept of effective friction. The active component in this system will be magnetic particles that are coated with a biological ligand or receptor and placed on a substrate with the corresponding ligand or receptor. A rotating magnetic field will be applied and the magnetic particle will proceed to rotate with the applied field and convert some of that rotational energy into translational energy due to the effective friction induced by the breaking of reversible bonds between the surface of the particle and the substrate. I will then create gradients in the density of such binding sites and by placing the magnetic particle on a stochastic, random walk the differences in effective friction will lead to directed motion or drift reminiscent of chemotaxis. I will show that this concept of sensing based on effective friction induced by a binding interaction is general and scales with the affinity of the interaction being investigated (i.e. protein-lipid, metal ion, electrostatic, antigen-antibody, or hydrophobic interactions). In Part II, I will build up in complexity and develop an artificial soft active matter system consisting of two active units embedded in a dense passive matrix in order to mimic the emergent behavior of many biological systems composed of both active and passive components. In this system, an ultra-long range attractive interaction emerges due to a combination of activity and the mechanical properties of the dense passive media. The range of the interaction can be tuned by changing the level of activity, the actuation protocol, the mode of motility, the composition of the dense passive monolayer, and the concentration of active units. Alternatively, if the passive components are fixed to the substrate, the active components undergo a disorder induced delocalization and exhibit super-diffusive transport properties. On the basis of these results, I propose several guidelines to developing novel artificial soft active matter systems which bear future investigation. The findings in this thesis represent a comprehensive study of the exotic emergent non-equilibrium behavior exhibited by many active matter systems by developing novel artificial experimental soft model active matter systems. These novel model experimental systems revealed some underlying fundamental physical phenomenon that contribute to some of the non-equilibrium behavior observed in the biological system of interest. These results may generalize not only to other simulation or theoretical active matter systems but potentially to biological systems as well. This work will be essential not only in guiding the design of future artificial experimental soft active matter systems, but can also be extended towards designing hybrid artificial-biological soft active matter systems.
Author: Luis Vazquez
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814603775
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
This book addresses the issues of nonlinearity and disorder. It covers mathematical and numerical techniques as well as applications of nonlinearity and disorder. The analysis of continuous and discrete systems is also shown.
Author: Giovanni Gallavotti
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319067583
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
This book concentrates on the properties of the stationary states in chaotic systems of particles or fluids, leaving aside the theory of the way they can be reached. The stationary states of particles or of fluids (understood as probability distributions on microscopic configurations or on the fields describing continua) have received important new ideas and data from numerical simulations and reviews are needed. The starting point is to find out which time invariant distributions come into play in physics. A special feature of this book is the historical approach. To identify the problems the author analyzes the papers of the founding fathers Boltzmann, Clausius and Maxwell including translations of the relevant (parts of) historical documents. He also establishes a close link between treatment of irreversible phenomena in statistical mechanics and the theory of chaotic systems at and beyond the onset of turbulence as developed by Sinai, Ruelle, Bowen (SRB) and others: the author gives arguments intending to support strongly the viewpoint that stationary states in or out of equilibrium can be described in a unified way. In this book it is the "chaotic hypothesis", which can be seen as an extension of the classical ergodic hypothesis to non equilibrium phenomena, that plays the central role. It is shown that SRB - often considered as a kind of mathematical playground with no impact on physical reality - has indeed a sound physical interpretation; an observation which to many might be new and a very welcome insight. Following this, many consequences of the chaotic hypothesis are analyzed in chapter 3 - 4 and in chapter 5 a few applications are proposed. Chapter 6 is historical: carefully analyzing the old literature on the subject, especially ergodic theory and its relevance for statistical mechanics; an approach which gives the book a very personal touch. The book contains an extensive coverage of current research (partly from the authors and his coauthors publications) presented in enough detail so that advanced students may get the flavor of a direction of research in a field which is still very much alive and progressing. Proofs of theorems are usually limited to heuristic sketches privileging the presentation of the ideas and providing references that the reader can follow, so that in this way an overload of this text with technical details could be avoided.
Author: Dieter Straub
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080527078
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
Alternative Mathematical Theory of Non-equilibrium Phenomena presents an entirely new theoretical approach to complex non-equilibrium phenomena, especially Gibbs/Falk thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. This innovative new theory allows for inclusion of all state variables and introduces a new vector-dissipation velocity-which leads to useful restatements of momentum, the Second Law, and tensors for the laws of motion, friction, and heat conduction. This application-oriented text is relatively self-contained and is an excellent guide-book for engineers with a strong interest in fundamentals, or for professionals using applied mathematics and physics in engineering applications. This book emphasizes macroscopic phenomena, focusing specifically on gaseous states, though relations to liquid and crystalline states are also considered. The author presents a new Alternative Continuum Theory of Compressible Fluids (AT) which providesa qualitative description of the subject in predominantly physical terms, minimizing the mathematical premises. The methodology discussed has applications in a wide range of fields outside of physics in areas including General System Theory, TheoreticalEconomics, and Biophysics and Medicine. - Presents the first theory capable of handling non-equilibria phenomena - Offers a unified theory of all branches of macroscopic physics - Considers a consistent and uniform view of reality, supported by modern mathematics, leading to results different than those produced by classical theories - Results in a change of paradigms in physics, engineering, and natural philosophy
Author: Malte Henkel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048128692
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Book Description
“The importance of knowledge consists not only in its direct practical utility but also in the fact the it promotes a widely contemplative habit of mind; on this ground, utility is to be found in much of the knowledge that is nowadays labelled ‘useless’. ” Bertrand Russel, In Praise of Idleness, London (1935) “Why are scientists in so many cases so deeply interested in their work ? Is it merely because it is useful ? It is only necessary to talk to such scientists to discover that the utilitarian possibilities of their work are generally of secondary interest to them. Something else is primary. ” David Bohm, On creativity, Abingdon (1996) In this volume, the dynamical critical behaviour of many-body systems far from equilibrium is discussed. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the - namics itself, rather than those of the stationary state, are in the focus of 1 interest. Characteristically, far-from-equilibrium systems often display - namical scaling, even if the stationary state is very far from being critical. A 1 As an example of a non-equilibrium phase transition, with striking practical c- sequences, consider the allotropic change of metallic ?-tin to brittle ?-tin. At o equilibrium, the gray ?-Sn becomes more stable than the silvery ?-Sn at 13. 2 C. Kinetically, the transition between these two solid forms of tin is rather slow at higher temperatures. It starts from small islands of ?-Sn, the growth of which proceeds through an auto-catalytic reaction.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 780
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Author: Gianfranco Minati
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493975811
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
This book outlines a possible future theoretical perspective for systemics, its conceptual morphology and landscape while the Good-Old-Fashioned-Systemics (GOFS) era is still under way. The change from GOFS to future systemics can be represented, as shown in the book title, by the conceptual change from Collective Beings to Quasi-systems. With the current advancements, problems and approaches occurring in contemporary science, systemics are moving beyond the traditional frameworks used in the past. From Collective Beings to Coherent Quasi-Systems outlines a conceptual morphology and landscape for a new theoretical perspective for systemics introducing the concept of Quasi-systems. Advances in domains such as theoretical physics, philosophy of science, cell biology, neuroscience, experimental economics, network science and many others offer new concepts and technical tools to support the creation of a fully transdisciplinary General Theory of Change. This circumstance requires a deep reformulation of systemics, without forgetting the achievements of established conventions. The book is divided into two parts. Part I, examines classic systemic issues from new theoretical perspectives and approaches. A new general unified framework is introduced to help deal with topics such as dynamic structural coherence and Quasi-systems. This new theoretical framework is compared and contrasted with the traditional approaches. Part II focuses on the process of translation into social culture of the theoretical principles, models and approaches introduced in Part I. This translation is urgent in post-industrial societies where emergent processes and problems are still dealt with by using the classical or non-systemic knowledge of the industrial phase.
