Author: Steven Peters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intercropping
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Author: Vernon Phillip Grubinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Green manuring
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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Author: Thomas Edward Vrabel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cropping systems
Languages : en
Pages : 358

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Author: Lee Stewart Altier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Author: Agustina Sabalzagaray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Author: Joshua Spencer Andrews
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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The impact of living mulch corn production on nitrogen availability, crop growth, and water quality was investigated. Plant, soil, and water samples were taken over the course of two years in research plots and experimental watersheds. A living mulch system reduced corn growth and grain yield when compared to a cereal rye and crimson clover systems due to reduced N availability. A HYDRUS-1D model was used to estimate water and NO3-N leaching below a 1-m depth from planting in April through February of the next year. In the first model period, the living mulch had lower NO3-N loss than both the cereal rye and crimson clover systems, though little NO3-N was lost during the second model period due to drought. On the experimental watersheds, the living mulch likely reduced runoff volume, and both the living mulch and cereal rye systems reduced sediment loss when compared to previous treatments.

Author: Mark K. Peterman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Companion planting
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Soil-related problems common to Oregon farmers are erosion, compaction, organic matter depletion, and nutrient loss. High costs of fertilizer, fuel, and weed control are additional management problems. Growing a secondary crop as a living mulch with a primary crop may ease some of these problems. Sweet corn production in Oregon is commonly plagued by these problems and may be suitable for a living mulch system. Field experiments were begun to test the feasibility of growing sweet corn (Zea mays L. 'Jubilee') and white clover (Trifolium repens L. 'New Zealand') living mulch in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Research was done at the Oregon State University Hyslop and Horticulture research farms near Corvallis. Management practices tested were fall-planted clover (1982) compared to spring-planted clover (1983), and clover suppression treatments in 1984. Suppression treatments were 0.84 and 1.4 kg ai/ha atrazine (6-chloroN- ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), and mowing. Corn yields were not reduced when clover was planted in the fall and suppressed with atrazine at 1.4 kg ai/ha. When clover suppression treatments were mowing or 0.84 kg ai/ha of atrazine, corn yields were reduced. At the Horticulture farm, an additional screening trial was conducted to determine the effect of selected herbicides on second-year white clover. Results indicated that the dimethylamine 2,4-D ((2,4- dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) applied at 2.24 kg ae/ha gave excellent initial and residual suppression of the clover (95% at 14 days after treatment and 82.5% at 67 days after treatment). A mixture of atrazine plus alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl-N- (methoxymethyl)acetamide) applied at 1.4 and 3.36 kg ai/ha, respectively, effectively suppressed the clover (80%), but was only slightly more severe than atrazine at 1.4 kg ai/ha.

Author: Thomas Edward Vrabel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Author: Albert J. Fischer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mulching
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Living mulches are vegetative covers that can grow in association with row crops and may prevent soil erosion and suppress weeds. Crop reduction from association with the living mulch is a frequent problem with this cultural practice. The interference between a white clover (Trifolium repens L. "New Zealand") living mulch and sweet corn (Zea mays L. "Golden Jubilee") was studied using an established clover sward, that was mowed and then sprayed with 1 to 1.5 kg al/ha of atrazine [6_chloro__ethyl--(1-methylethyl) 1,3,5,triazine-2,4-diamine]. Corn, at different densities and planting arrangements, was planted into a 10-to 15-cm-wide band tilled in the clover. Replacement-series experiments and systematic density experiments also were conducted in this study. The experiments were irrigated. Interference by clover reduced corn yields. However, when corn row width was reduced from 76 cm to 38 cm, intraspecific interference among corn plants was reduced, and corn plants became more productive and clover suppressive. Corn and clover competed for the same resources (mainly for light) when grown in mixture for 35 days after corn emergence. Clover appeared to be the superior competitor. However, the two species partially avoided competition. Nitrogen concentration in corn tissue (48 days after planting) was reduced when the corn was grown with clover, whereas the concentrations of P, K, and S were not altered by the presence of the legume. Twenty-four days after spraying clover with atrazine, up to 3]. kg N/ha had been released into the soil from the clover. Thirty-four days later, the N concentration in soil of sprayed and unsprayed plots was the same. Soil moisture (20 cm depth) was not affected by the presence of the clover mulch.

Author: Robert J. Berkevich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118

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