Neural Mechanisms of Goal-directed Behavior: Outcome-based Response Selection is Associated with Increased Functional Coupling of the Angular Gyrus PDF Download
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Author: Katharina Zwosta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Katharina Zwosta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Dean Burnett
Publisher: Faber & Faber
ISBN: 1783351314
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
'Funny, wise and absolutely fascinating.' Adam Kay, author of This Is Going to Hurt *** Do you want to be happy? If so - read on. This book has all the answers* In The Happy Brain, neuroscientist Dean Burnett delves deep into the inner workings of our minds to explore some fundamental questions about happiness. What does it actually mean to be happy? Where does it come from? And what, really, is the point of it? Forget searching for the secret of happiness through lifestyle fads or cod philosophy - Burnett reveals the often surprising truth behind what make us tick. From whether happiness really begins at home (spoiler alert: yes - sort of) to what love, sex, friendship, wealth, laughter and success actually do to our brains, this book offers a uniquely entertaining insight into what it means to be human. *Not really. Sorry. But it does have some very interesting questions, and at least the occasional answer.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0444641688
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
The Opioid System as the Brain's Interface between Cognition and Motivation, Volume 239, focuses on the opioid system as the interface between the brain's cognitive and motivational systems. As the opioid system is widely distributed through the brain, particularly in areas implicated in cognition (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, claustrum, thalamus) and motivation (hypothalamus, amygdala, pontine nuclei, periaqueductal gray and medulla), this book provides chapters that address ongoing research on topics such as the Brain's cognitive system, the Brain's motivational system, Antidepressant prescription patterns, Antidepressant-like effects of opioid receptor modulators, the Behavioral effects of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs, and more. - Contains contributions from both academia and industry to maximize the cross-fertilization of differing perspectives on opioid system function in health and disease - Studies the opioid system as the interface between the brain's cognitive and motivational systems
Author: David LaBerge
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674052680
Category : Attention
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
LaBerge explores how we are able to restrict the input of extraneous and confusing information, or prepare to process a future stimulus, in order to take effective action. As well as describing the pathways in the cortex presumed to be involved in attentional processing, he examines the hypothesis that two subcortical structures, the superior colliculus and the thalamus, contain circuit mechanisms that embody an algorithm of attention. In addition, he takes us through various ways of posing the problem, from an information-processing description of how attention works to a consideration of some of the cognitive and behavioral consequences of the brain's computations, such as desiring, judging, imaging, and remembering.
Author: Marc Jeannerod
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Goal-directed movement is central to the relationship between brain and behavior in humans and other animals. This book presents a detailed investigation of the topic, one that integrates psychology and physiology. The author's account is based on a large body of experimental data from human and animal work, with particular emphasis on clinical cases. It probes such questions as: Are complex movements organized on the same mode as simple ones? How rigidly organized are coordinated actions like orienting or grasping? Where do visual feedback signals arise? The author's work takes into account the growing acceptance of the idea that movements are not directly dependent upon sensory events, but that they are governed by internal representations which are built according to specific, experimentally accessible rules.
Author: Ali Mohebi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321128703
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: Silvia A. Bunge
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0195314271
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Rules are central to human behaviour, but until now the field of neuroscience lacked a unified approach to understanding them. This book brings together the world's leading cognitive and systems neuroscientists to explain the most recent research on rule-guided behaviour.
Author: Callum Mark Piper Thomas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hippocampus (Brain)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Operant (instrumental) conditioning is a laboratory model of voluntary behavior. In its simplest form, performing a particular response, such as a lever press, leads to delivery of a reinforcing outcome (e.g., a sucrose pellet). Operant behaviors can be associated with preceding stimuli ("habits") or outcomes ("goal-directed actions"). A factor that influences performance of operant behaviors is the context in which they are learned. Contexts can be defined as background stimuli that are present during behavior. For example, eating dessert may occur in the context of a restaurant and the sated feeling of a finished meal. The context for eating dessert, therefore, might include both the exteroceptive environment of restaurants as well as the interoceptive state of satiety. Previous work has shown that a region of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex, the prelimbic cortex (PL), is important for contextual modulation of operant behavior and for operant responding that is goal-directed. For example, pharmacological inactivation of the PL reduces operant responding only when the behavior is tested in its acquisition context. Previous work, however, has generally been limited to food and drug reinforcers and exteroceptive contexts (e.g., conditioning boxes with particular features). This dissertation investigates the involvement of the PL in non-consummatory reinforcers and interoceptive contexts as well as the cellular mechanisms and associated neural circuitry involved in contextually-mediated operant behavior more generally. First, we show using a pharmacological inactivation procedure, that the PL is necessary for context (the testing box) to promote the performance of an operant behavior whose reinforcer is the opportunity to perform a second behavior rather than receipt of a food pellet. Then, again using pharmacological inactivation, we show that the PL is necessary for interoceptive contexts (either hunger or stress state) to serve as acquisition contexts. Next, we show that dopamine receptor antagonism in the PL during acquisition prevents the expression of context-specific responding. Finally, we show that the ventral hippocampus, which has mono- and multisynaptic connections with the PL, is involved in contextual modulation of operant responding. Specifically, we show that chemogenetic inhibition of the ventral hippocampus, through activation of inhibitory receptors expressed in ventral hippocampal neurons, attenuates operant responding in its acquisition context. Collectively, the research presented in this dissertation supports the role of the PL in contextual modulation of operant behavior, where context includes both exteroceptive and interoceptive background stimuli. Additionally, we found support for the idea that dopaminergic innervation of the PL is necessary for the integration of contextual information with operant response learning. Finally, our results suggest that the ventral hippocampus likely contributes to contextual information processing by the PL.
Author: Judith M. Rumsey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139476750
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Author: Debbie Yee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Motivational incentives play a central role in human decision-making and the pursuit of behavioral and cognitive task goals [1,2]. Moreover, the ability to integrate diverse incentives to modulate goal pursuit is essential for healthy cognitive function. A potential mechanism of motivational influence may be via cognitive control, the set of processes that coordinate and regulate cognition and action based on currently maintained goals [3,4]. However, it is currently unknown whether and how different types of incentives are combined in the brain to modulate cognitive control, and how this putative integrated value signal influences goal-directed behavior. In the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we utilized an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance, and applied innovative fMRI analysis approaches to elucidate the neural mechanisms that underlie the interaction between motivational and cognitive control process. First, we applied univariate parcel-based approaches to test whether a priori regions of interest (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) represented the integrated value of the 'bundled incentives', and whether these regions were also associated with variability in cognitive task performance (Aim 1). Second, we applied representational similarity analysis - an innovative multivariate approach - to test whether and how the combined values from diverse motivational incentives are represented in the similarity of neural patterns in fMRI BOLD activity (Aim 2). Moreover, we aimed to examine whether such multivariate approaches were more sensitive to motivational incentive effects compared to univariate approaches, or alternatively provided complementary information to the univariate results in motivational incentive effects. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that investigates the neural mechanisms underlying whether and how value integration of primary/consummatory and secondary/abstract incentives in a cognitive control context guide goal-directed behavior. Importantly, these results provide critical knowledge into the basic neural mechanisms underlying interactions between motivational incentive integration and cognitive control, which can inform subsequent hypotheses about neuromodulatory influences (e.g., dopamine) in such interactions, as well as inform key predictions about targeted neural mechanisms in age-related changes in motivation-cognition interactions as well as maladaptive motivational processes in psychopathology (e.g., depression, addiction).
