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Author: Caroline G. Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Concussions are a common brain injury, affecting millions of Americans each year, including military members and athletes. Following a concussion, athletes frequently experience a wide range of consequences including various changes in neurocognitive function and psychological symptoms. As a result, the recovery process varies widely from patient to patient with some patients recovering and returning to normal activity within 5 days while other patients experience symptoms for months. A patient's status is determined using multiple variables measured through testing, including changes in neurocognitive function measured using the ImPACT test and changes in psychological symptoms measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18. This research develops a network model that examines the relationships among these variables over time so that we can analyze how these variables are interrelated, mutually reinforcing, and amplifying in an effort to better understand the concussion recovery process. The NCAA-DOD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium comprehensively collects concussion test results from college athletes and service academy cadets at 30 participating institutions. These tests include baseline assessments, assessments within 48 hours of an injury, and upon reaching asymptomatic. Using the CARE dataset, we develop a network that depicts the relationships between multiple variables at individuals timepoints and the evolution of each variable over time following an injury. The model demonstrates that there are significant interactions between psychological symptoms and neurocognitive functions as a result of a concussion that were not present prior to the concussion. We further explore the relationships between variables and the effect of this relationship on groups of individuals by grouping individuals according to recovery time and performing trajectory analysis. By developing a better understanding of which variable relationships are most impactful for different subgroups of our population, we are able to demonstrate which underlying symptoms, emergent symptoms, and grouping of symptoms most affect concussion recovery times.
Author: Caroline G. Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Concussions are a common brain injury, affecting millions of Americans each year, including military members and athletes. Following a concussion, athletes frequently experience a wide range of consequences including various changes in neurocognitive function and psychological symptoms. As a result, the recovery process varies widely from patient to patient with some patients recovering and returning to normal activity within 5 days while other patients experience symptoms for months. A patient's status is determined using multiple variables measured through testing, including changes in neurocognitive function measured using the ImPACT test and changes in psychological symptoms measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18. This research develops a network model that examines the relationships among these variables over time so that we can analyze how these variables are interrelated, mutually reinforcing, and amplifying in an effort to better understand the concussion recovery process. The NCAA-DOD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium comprehensively collects concussion test results from college athletes and service academy cadets at 30 participating institutions. These tests include baseline assessments, assessments within 48 hours of an injury, and upon reaching asymptomatic. Using the CARE dataset, we develop a network that depicts the relationships between multiple variables at individuals timepoints and the evolution of each variable over time following an injury. The model demonstrates that there are significant interactions between psychological symptoms and neurocognitive functions as a result of a concussion that were not present prior to the concussion. We further explore the relationships between variables and the effect of this relationship on groups of individuals by grouping individuals according to recovery time and performing trajectory analysis. By developing a better understanding of which variable relationships are most impactful for different subgroups of our population, we are able to demonstrate which underlying symptoms, emergent symptoms, and grouping of symptoms most affect concussion recovery times.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309288037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Author: Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466565993
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 718
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Book Description
With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Author: Miriam A. Carroll-Alfano
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
The research presented in this study examines concussion among athletes from the perspectives of prevention, assessment, and recovery. The first study examines concussion education for high school athletes by surveying 157 collegiate athletes, who primarily attended high school in Illinois and Indiana, about the previous concussion education, including whether they received mandated education, the methods and providers of education, and their ability to name a variety of concussion symptoms. This study finds that despite legislative mandates in these states, 20% of student-athletes continue to report not receiving concussion education in high school, with females more likely to report not receiving education than males. A casual conversation is the most commonly reported method of education, and an athletic trainer the most common provider. Athletes who report receiving education show no improvement in ability to name a diversity of concussion signs and symptoms, compared to those who report receiving no education. These results indicate that continued efforts need to be made to ensure that all athletes report receiving education, and that there are still deficiencies in athletes' knowledge of the signs and symptoms of concussion, particularly cognitive and behavioral ones. Early identification of concussion-induced cognitive deficits is imperative for student athletes, and functional cognitive deficits following concussion can be difficult to assess. The second study examines whether story retell is a useful tool for identifying concussion-induced cognitive communication changes in collegiate athletes following concussion. This cross-sectional study finds that athletes with recent (
Author: Nathan D. Zasler, MD
Publisher: Demos Medical Publishing
ISBN: 1936287277
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1549
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Book Description
This book is a clear and comprehensive guide to all aspects of the management of traumatic brain injury-from early diagnosis and evaluation through the post-acute period and rehabilitation. An essential reference for physicians and other health care professionals who work with brain injured patients, the book focuses on assessment and treatment of the wider variety of clinical problems these patients face and addresses many associated concerns such as epidemiology, ethical issues, legal issues, and life-care planning. Written by over 190 acknowledged leaders, the text covers the full spectrum of the practice of brain injury medicine including principles of neural recovery, neuroimaging and neurodiagnostic testing, prognosis and outcome, acute care, rehabilitation, treatment of specific populations, neurologic and other medical problems following injury, cognitive and behavioral problems, post-traumatic pain disorders, pharmacologic and alternative treatments, and community reentry and productivity.
Author: Semyon M. Slobounov
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030755649
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Now in a fully revised and expanded second edition, this comprehensive text remains a timely and major contribution to the literature that addresses the neuromechanisms, predispositions, and latest developments in the evaluation and management of concussive injuries. Concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury, continues to be a significant public health concern with increased attention focusing on treatment and management of this puzzling epidemic as well as controversies within the field. The book is comprised of five thematic sections: current developments in evaluation; biomechanical mechanisms; neural substrates, biomarkers, genetics and brain imaging; pediatric considerations; and clinical management and rehabilitation. Since the publication of the original edition in 2014, much has changed regarding the current understanding of mild traumatic brain injury including development of more precise imaging modalities, development and classification of new biomarkers, and updates to clinical treatment and management of athletic concussion. This new edition will include new chapters targeting the influence of genetics on concussive injury, as well as an expansion on the knowledge of pediatric response to concussion and the influence of repetitive subconcussive impacts on athlete health. An invaluable contribution to the literature, Concussions in Athletics: From Brain to Behavior reestablishes itself as a state-of-the-art reference that will be of significant interest to a wide range of clinicians, researchers, administrators, and policy makers, and this updated version aims to narrow the gap between research findings and clinical management of sports-related concussion and other mild traumatic brain injury. The second edition also attempts to broaden the scope of the knowledge to apply to more professionals and pre-professionals in the fields of neuroscience, neuropsychology, and other allied health professionals that closely work with athletes and sports medicine professionals.
Author: Victoria C. Merritt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498766579
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Author: William Paul Meehan III
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
A comprehensive summary of sport-related concussion for parents, coaches, and athletes that considers the physics behind the injury, identifies what can be done to reduce the risk of its occurrence, and describes how to respond to a suspected concussion. Concussion injury among athletes continues to be a subject of great concern. Increasing attention and research is focusing on the most vulnerable of athletes—children. What strategies can be taken to best protect young athletes in sports from grammar school football leagues to high school hockey and soccer teams from concussion? How do we treat youngsters who suffer head injuries in sports? What are the ethical considerations in allowing children to play such sports, given the risks to still-developing brains? In this updated and expanded guide, William Meehan, MD, explains simply and clearly how coaches, parents, and others who work with young athletes can recognize concussion; best help children and youths recover from concussion injuries; and take steps to become proactive to prevent concussion. Readers will learn what causes a sport-related concussion; what happens to brain cells during a concussion; and why concussion, which in the past was dismissed as a trivial injury, is taken so much more seriously now. The book explains how to decrease the risk of concussion; addresses the potential for cumulative effects from multiple concussions, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy; and discusses the ethical dimensions of deciding whether an athlete with multiple concussions should continue to participate in high-risk sports.
Author: Daphnee-Maude Andre-Morin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Researchers have estimated that 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions occur each year (Langlois, Rutland-Brown, & Wald, 2006), with the majority of them occurring in sport (Marshall et al., 2015). While most concussions resolve within 7 to 10 days, 10 to 20% of athletes experience protracted concussion symptoms that often include both physical and psychological symptoms that can persist from weeks to months to years (Caron, Bloom, Johnston, & Sabiston, 2013; McCrory et al., 2013). Presently, few studies have specifically focused on the experiences of athletes suffering from protracted concussion symptoms. As such, the purpose of this study was to better understand the experiences of Canadian University female athletes who suffered from protracted concussion symptoms. Five Canadian female University athletes participated in face-to-face individual interviews. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2009) was used to inductively analyze the interview data. The results revealed that in addition to suffering physically from their concussions, all five participants suffered emotionally immediately following their concussion, as well as throughout their rehabilitation. Their injury responses included descriptions of frustration, irritability, mood swings, weight issues, and depression. Such responses might have been related to the unique factors athletes associated to concussion recovery including isolation from their team, lack of return date and the non-physical rehabilitation program, as well as the lack of knowledge concerning concussions. Furthermore, athletes' prolonged concussion recovery led to several academic repercussions, such as reduced class attendance, difficulty studying, and poor grades. These academic repercussions negatively impacted their academic path, as some of the athletes were forced to take an extra semester or were dismissed from their respective study programs. Finally, results disclosed that social support was a crucial element of the athletes' recovery. Participants network of social support included family members, coaches, health professionals, and teammates. Athletes' preferences for social support were daily check-ins from coaches and teammates, as well as receiving informational support about concussions from medical personnel. Moreover, athletes felt some forms of social support were ineffective, including being asked by teammates about their expected return to play date or being told by teammates that they did not look well. In sum, this study provides one of the first empirical accounts of the effects of experiencing protracted concussion in a university setting. Given that coaches, medical professionals, and sport and exercise psychology professionals regularly interact with injured athletes, the present results may provide them with information that can enhance their applied work with this population." --
