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Author: Geoff Krall
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003842798
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
During his years working as an instructional coach for a national network of schools, Geoff Krall had the chance to witness several inspirational moments when math class comes alive for middle or high school students--when it is challenging but also fun, creative, and interactive. In Necessary Conditions: Teaching Secondary Math with Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation, Krall documents the essential ingredients that produce these sorts of moments on a regular basis and for all students. They are Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation. Academic Safety: Krall implements equitable classroom experiences that help fight stigmas associated with race and gender in schools. This allows students to feel socially and emotionally secure while nurturing their identities as mathematicians and increasing engagement during classroom discussions Quality Tasks: Teachers can adapt or create dynamic, student-centered lessons that break down math into small, manageable sections, removing the frustrations felt by students who aren't considered math people Effective Facilitation: This book shows how to incorporate teaching moves and math routines designed for engagement, persistence, and interactivity. Teachers can allow students to explore safely while maintaining consistent classroom expectations My work as a math instructional coach for a network of schools has afforded me the unique opportunity to visit exceptional teachers across the country, documenting their tasks, teaching moves, and academically safe learning environments. You'll experience dispatches from these effective classrooms in which we'll observe how teachers attend to all three elements that make up the ecosystem. -- Geoff Krall from his book, Necessary Conditions
Author: Geoff Krall
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003842798
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 492
Get Book Here
Book Description
During his years working as an instructional coach for a national network of schools, Geoff Krall had the chance to witness several inspirational moments when math class comes alive for middle or high school students--when it is challenging but also fun, creative, and interactive. In Necessary Conditions: Teaching Secondary Math with Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation, Krall documents the essential ingredients that produce these sorts of moments on a regular basis and for all students. They are Academic Safety, Quality Tasks, and Effective Facilitation. Academic Safety: Krall implements equitable classroom experiences that help fight stigmas associated with race and gender in schools. This allows students to feel socially and emotionally secure while nurturing their identities as mathematicians and increasing engagement during classroom discussions Quality Tasks: Teachers can adapt or create dynamic, student-centered lessons that break down math into small, manageable sections, removing the frustrations felt by students who aren't considered math people Effective Facilitation: This book shows how to incorporate teaching moves and math routines designed for engagement, persistence, and interactivity. Teachers can allow students to explore safely while maintaining consistent classroom expectations My work as a math instructional coach for a network of schools has afforded me the unique opportunity to visit exceptional teachers across the country, documenting their tasks, teaching moves, and academically safe learning environments. You'll experience dispatches from these effective classrooms in which we'll observe how teachers attend to all three elements that make up the ecosystem. -- Geoff Krall from his book, Necessary Conditions
Author: Ference Marton
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317811941
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Necessary Conditions of Learning presents a research approach (phenomenography) and a theory (the variation theory of learning) introduced and developed by Ference Marton and taken up by his wide and varied following around the world—together with their practical applications in educational contexts. Reflecting Marton’s whole lifetime's work, the unique and significant contribution of this book is to offer an evidence-based answer to the questions "How do we make novel meanings our own?" and "How do we learn to see things in more powerful ways?" The presentation makes use of hundreds of empirical studies carried out in Europe and Asia which build on the theory. The line of reasoning and the way in which the examples are put together is consistent with the theory—it is both presented and applied. The main argument is that in order to learn we have to discern, and to discern the intended ideas we must be presented with carefully structured variation, against a background of invariance. We then go through processes of contrast, generalization, and fusion in order to make sense. These insights form a practical framework for those who design teaching and teaching materials. Necessary Conditions of Learning is a major original work for which scholars of pedagogical theory have been waiting a long time.
Author: Pshenichnyi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824715564
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
This book presents a theory of necessary conditions for an extremum, including formal conditions for an extremum and computational methods. It states the general results of the theory and shows how these results can be particularized to specific problems.
Author: Gary Goertz
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 9780742519268
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
This anthology is devoted to the implications of necessary conditions for social science research, logic, methodology, research design, and theory. Rarely is the contrast between the prevalence of a concept in scholarship and its absence in methodology texts so wide. This book presents hundreds of necessary condition hypotheses representing all areas of political science and all methodologies, and authored by many of the most influential political scientists of the last 50 years. This volume brings together under one cover essential work that deals not only with the analysis of common methodological, logical, and research design errors, but also the proper means to analyse the many ramifications of necessary condition hypotheses and theories.
Author: Albert Breton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521582360
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Democracy has moved to the centre of systemic reflections on political economy, gaining a position which used to be occupied by the debate about socialism and capitalism. Certitudes about democracy have been replaced by an awareness of the elusiveness and fluidity of democratic institutions and of the multiplicity of dimensions involved. This is a book which reflects this intellectual situation. It consists of a collection of essays by well-known economists and political scientists from both North America and Europe on the nature of democracy, on the conditions for democracy to be stable, and on the relationship between democracy and important economic issues such as the functioning of the market economy, economic growth, income distribution and social policies.
Author: Jack Levy
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134101406
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
This edited volume focuses on the use of ‘necessary condition counterfactuals’ in explaining two key events in twentieth century history, the origins of the First World War and the end of the Cold War. Containing essays by leading figures in the field, this book analyzes the causal logics of necessary and sufficient conditions, demonstrates the variety of different ways in which necessary condition counterfactuals are used to explain the causes of individual events, and identifies errors commonly made in applying this form of causal logic to individual events. It includes discussions of causal chains, contingency, critical junctures, and ‘powder keg’ explanations, and the role of necessary conditions in each. Explaining War and Peace will be of great interest to students of qualitative analysis, the First World War, the Cold War, international history and international relations theory in general.
Author: Dan Cardinal
Publisher: Hodder Education
ISBN: 147183509X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Help students navigate key concepts and philosophical arguments and develop their own points of view with our clear, engaging AS Philosophy textbook, written for the new AQA AS Philosophy specification Written by the authors of Philosophy in Focus, this book covers both units, Epistemology and Philosophy of Religion, and supports students in understanding difficult material through a clear style and visual examples of concepts and ideas. - Encourages students to engage with the anthology texts with clear prompts to read the relevant extracts, helpfully provided at the back of the book for ease of teaching and studying - Cements knowledge and understanding of key philosophical ideas through varied activities - Develops analytical skills and students' own philosophical viewpoints through practical tasks - Stretches students with clearly signposted extension material Contents Introduction Introduction to Descartes' Meditations Section 1: Epistemology Section 2: Philosophy of Religion Section 3: Preparing for the exam 3.1 How to approach the exam 3.2 How to read philosophy Section 4: Anthology extracts Glossary Notes Selected bibliography Index
Author: Ken Akiba
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000163210
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Many philosophy majors are shocked by the gap between the relative ease of lower-level philosophy courses and the difficulty of upper-division courses. This book serves as a necessary bridge to upper-level study in philosophy by offering rigorous but concise and accessible accounts of basic concepts and distinctions that are used throughout the discipline. It serves as a valuable advanced introduction to any undergraduate who is moving into upper-level courses in philosophy. While lower-level introductions to philosophy usually deal with popular topics accessible to the general student (such as contemporary moral issues, free will, and personal identity) in a piecemeal fashion, The Philosophy Major’s Introduction to Philosophy offers coverage of important general philosophical concepts, tools, and devices that may be used for a long time to come in various philosophical areas. The volume is helpfully divided between a focus on the relation between language and the world in the first three chapters and coverage of mental content in the final two chapters, but builds a coherent narrative from start to finish. It also provides ample study questions and helpful signposts throughout, making it a must-have for any student attempting to engage fully with the problems and arguments in philosophy. Key Features Integrates topics from various areas of philosophy, such as philosophy of language, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and philosophical logic Provides descriptions of logico-mathematical tools necessary for philosophical studies, such as propositional logic, predicate logic, modal logic, set theory, mereology, and mathematical functions Makes connections with modern philosophy, including discussions of Descartes’s skepticism and dualism, Locke’s theory of personal identity, Hume’s theory of causation, and Kant’s synthetic a priori Includes well-known entertaining puzzles and thought experiments such as the Ship of Theseus, the Statue and the Clay, a Brain in a Vat, and Twin Earth Lists helpful Exercise Questions and Discussion Questions at the end of each chapter and answers selected questions at the back of the book
Author: Jasbir Singh Arora
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080470254
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 751
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Book Description
Optimization is a mathematical tool developed in the early 1960's used to find the most efficient and feasible solutions to an engineering problem. It can be used to find ideal shapes and physical configurations, ideal structural designs, maximum energy efficiency, and many other desired goals of engineering. This book is intended for use in a first course on engineering design and optimization. Material for the text has evolved over a period of several years and is based on classroom presentations for an undergraduate core course on the principles of design. Virtually any problem for which certain parameters need to be determined to satisfy constraints can be formulated as a design optimization problem. The concepts and methods described in the text are quite general and applicable to all such formulations. Inasmuch, the range of application of the optimum design methodology is almost limitless, constrained only by the imagination and ingenuity of the user. The book describes the basic concepts and techniques with only a few simple applications. Once they are clearly understood, they can be applied to many other advanced applications that are discussed in the text. Allows engineers involved in the design process to adapt optimum design concepts in their work using the material in the text Basic concepts of optimality conditions and numerical methods are described with simple examples, making the material high teachable and learnable Classroom-tested for many years to attain optimum pedagogical effectiveness
Author: Gregory Johnson
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262337770
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
A thorough and practical introduction to inductive logic with a focus on arguments and the rules used for making inductive inferences. This textbook offers a thorough and practical introduction to inductive logic. The book covers a range of different types of inferences with an emphasis throughout on representing them as arguments. This allows the reader to see that, although the rules and guidelines for making each type of inference differ, the purpose is always to generate a probable conclusion. After explaining the basic features of an argument and the different standards for evaluating arguments, the book covers inferences that do not require precise probabilities or the probability calculus: the induction by confirmation, inference to the best explanation, and Mill's methods. The second half of the book presents arguments that do require the probability calculus, first explaining the rules of probability, and then the proportional syllogism, inductive generalization, and Bayes' rule. Each chapter ends with practice problems and their solutions. Appendixes offer additional material on deductive logic, odds, expected value, and (very briefly) the foundations of probability. Argument and Inference can be used in critical thinking courses. It provides these courses with a coherent theme while covering the type of reasoning that is most often used in day-to-day life and in the natural, social, and medical sciences. Argument and Inference is also suitable for inductive logic and informal logic courses, as well as philosophy of sciences courses that need an introductory text on scientific and inductive methods.
