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Author: Geert Cauwenbergh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461306558
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
The World Health Organization estimates that at least five million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Of these about 100,000 are in Asia and Oceania, 500,000 in Europe, 2 million in the Americas and 2.5 million in Africa (Mann, 1989). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by a derangement in cell-mediated immunity leading to opportunistic infections with for example Mycobacterium spp., Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium. The third symposium on "Topics in Mycology" brought together 265 experts from 32 countries to discuss the epidemiology, immmunological and pathogenetic aspects of AIDS and its opportunistic infections in general and fungal infections in particular. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is by far the commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. The nature and classification of P. carinii is still controversial. In search for its true taxonomic affinities an introductory paper formulates a number of key questions. Candidosis is another frequent opportunistic infection. A number of papers discuss the possibility that selective pressures may operate on Candida albicans within the AIDS population and influence its nature: this might have an impact on prophylaxis and curative and/or suppressive therapy.
Author: Geert Cauwenbergh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461306558
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
The World Health Organization estimates that at least five million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Of these about 100,000 are in Asia and Oceania, 500,000 in Europe, 2 million in the Americas and 2.5 million in Africa (Mann, 1989). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by a derangement in cell-mediated immunity leading to opportunistic infections with for example Mycobacterium spp., Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium. The third symposium on "Topics in Mycology" brought together 265 experts from 32 countries to discuss the epidemiology, immmunological and pathogenetic aspects of AIDS and its opportunistic infections in general and fungal infections in particular. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is by far the commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. The nature and classification of P. carinii is still controversial. In search for its true taxonomic affinities an introductory paper formulates a number of key questions. Candidosis is another frequent opportunistic infection. A number of papers discuss the possibility that selective pressures may operate on Candida albicans within the AIDS population and influence its nature: this might have an impact on prophylaxis and curative and/or suppressive therapy.
Author: Yu-Ye Li
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811554676
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
This book introduces a number of HIV/AIDS cases with mucocutaneous lesions. HIV/AIDS can manifest a variety of skin lesions due to immunological disorder, opportunistic infections and tumors always occur primarily with skin lesions. The cases included in this book reflect the diseases spectrum and evolution of mucocutaneous lesions at different stages before and after AIDS antiretroviral therapy (ART) as well. This book consists of nine chapters, including fungal, viral, bacterial, parasitic, neoplastic, inflammatory diseases, syphilis and ART-induced diseases, etc. More than 300 cases and 600 photos of representative and important clinical significances are selected, showing the different clinical characteristics of the same disease under different immune status. Clinical photos are combined with clear and concise medical history along with the discussion on it, by which the readers can understand why skin lesions can be used as the early diagnostic clues to HIV/AIDS infection. Moreover, every chapter summarizes the similarity and characteristics of each type of skin diseases, which outlines and explains why they are AIDS-related mucocutaneous lesions.
Author: Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811394598
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
This book discusses the unique epidemiology of fungal infections in Asia, illustrating that the situation in these countries is different from that in Western countries in terms of the causative species, natural history and management strategies. Asia, the world’s largest continent and home to more than half the global population, has conditions that favor the growth of many fungi, including a number of unique species. Further, socio-economic conditions such as overcrowding, compromised health care facilities and lack of awareness add to the morbidity and mortality due to fungal diseases in this part of the world. Since the majority of Asian countries do not have good diagnostic mycology laboratories, antifungal management is often based on experience. The limited data from Asian countries suggest a very high incidence of fungal infections. This book addresses epidemiology of fungal infections in general and specific populations of Asia, fungal allergy, and diagnosis and management in resource-limited environments. The book is must read for busy clinicians, microbiologists and critical care providers.
Author: Michael R. McGinnis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146123624X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
This latest volume in the Current Topics in Medical Mycology series brings together internationally recognized researchers to summarize current topics of interest to medical mycologists and other scientists who are working in microbiology and immunology. A blend of contemporary, authoritative reviews and summaries of new advancements and future directions, Volume 3 aims to promote the interdisciplinary use of medically important fungi in pathogenesis, epidemiology, mycotoxins, taxonomy, and other areas where basic, applied, and clinical science are used.
Author: Julian Verbov
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0852009437
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: David W. Warnock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Opportunistic fungal infections, such as cryptococcosis and mucosal forms of candidosis, have since emerged as major problems in AIDS patients. Classical infections, such as histoplasmosis and the dermatophytoses, have appeared in modified forms in these individuals. Much else besides has changed - the use of more intensive chemotherapeutic regimens has contributed to a rising incidence of serious fungal infection among cancer patients. On the other hand, more sophisticated management of immunosuppression has resulted in fewer infectious complications among organ transplant recipients. Improved methods of diagnosis and new antifungal drugs have appeared, but an ever-increasing number of new fungal pathogens have been isolated from immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this monograph is to bring together in a single account the clinical, mycological, immunological and therapeutic aspects of the different fungal infections that occur in the compromised patient. The opening chapter outlines the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of fungal infection, followed by a chapter focusing on the factors that predispose the compromised patient to fungal infection. This chapter also gathers together certain aspects of management, such as empirical treatment and prevention of infection. Individual chapters deal in turn with each of the more frequent infections that occur in the compromised patient and an additional chapter brings together information on a number of the less common infections that have been reported. There is a new chapter describing the manifestations of the various superficial infections in the compromised host. The final chapter reviews the serological methods used in the diagnosis of fungal infection.
Author: Mahmoud Ghannoum
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0849387868
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
A concise one-stop-practical reference for the various physicians dealing with fungal infections, Antifungal Therapy appeals to infectious disease physicians, transplant surgeons, dermatologists, and intensivists, as well as basic scientists and pharmaceutical company researchers interested in the state of antifungal therapy. This book provides a c
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241210265
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
The objective of the list is to help countries develop or update their national essential diagnostics lists, raise awareness and political will, guide procurement and regulation policies and improve access to the most important in vitro diagnostics that all countries need to make available to their populations, particularly in low-resourced countries. It will also contribute towards health systems strengthening and realizing universal health coverage.
Author: RHONDA SCHREIBER
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
20th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)Real world evidence on the burden of illness experienced by HIV patients with systemic mycoses Authors: Anna Forsythe, PharmD; 1* Jaclyn Hearnden, MSc; 1 Gareth Lewis, PhD; 2 Rhonda Schreiber BSCN, MSSL2*1.tPurple Squirrel Economics, New York NY, USA2.tMayne Pharma, Raleigh NC, USA* Presenting authorObjectives: As systemic mycoses are commonly opportunistic infections and immunocompromised patients are disproportionately affected, we investigated the burden of illness experienced by HIV-positive patients with systemic mycoses.Methods: Electronic medical records from over 34 million patients in 30 US hospital institutions were queried and patients with mycoses including aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis were identified via ICD-10 codes. Three mutually exclusive cohorts were established consisting of 1. Systemic mycoses patients who had neither HIV nor another form of immunosuppression (immunosuppressant treatment, transplants, cancers), 2. HIV-positive patients with systemic mycoses, or 3. HIV-positive patients without systemic mycoses. Proportions of patients experiencing constitutional symptoms were evaluated. The rate of symptoms was accounted during six months from initial treatment with antifungal medications for cohorts 1 and 2 or initial HIV diagnosis for cohort 3. The proportion of patients in each cohort who experienced each symptom was determined and two comparisons were performed using two-tailed t-tests (95% percent confidence limits): Cohort 1 versus Cohort 2; and Cohort 2 versus Cohort 3. Results: A search conducted on 26 October 2017 spanning five years identified 11,619 patients with systemic mycoses who were treated with antifungals. Of these patients, Cohort 1 (N=2370) and Cohort 2 (N=532) were established. Systemic mycoses patients with and without HIV-positive status had similar mean ages (HIV+: 50 vs. No HIV: 52) but dissimilar proportions of white (HIV+:44% vs. No HIV: 65%) and male (HIV+: 79% vs. No HIV: 51%) patients. Cohort 3 (N=91275) included HIV-positive patients without systemic mycoses. The rates of constitutional symptoms experienced by HIV-positive patients with systemic mycoses were significantly greater than those experienced by systemic mycoses patients not diagnosed with HIV (>260% increase, p 0.001 for all comparisons). The symptomatic burden experienced by HIV-positive patients with systemic mycoses also significantly exceeded the burden on HIV-positive patients without systemic mycoses (180%, p
Author: Pan American Pan American Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789275122495
Category : Child health services
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries of Asia and Africa. It often affects people with impaired immunity, including people living with HIV, among whom the most frequent clinical presentation is disseminated histoplasmosis. The symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and may be indistinguishable from those of other infectious diseases, especially disseminated tuberculosis (TB), thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by fungal pathogens among people living with HIV in the Americas and may be responsible for 5-15% of AIDS-related deaths every year in this Region. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disseminated histoplasmosis in persons living with HIV. Although the burden of disease is concentrated in the Americas, the recommendations presented within these guidelines are applicable globally. These guidelines were produced in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development. The Guideline Development Group elaborated the final recommendations based on a systematic review of scientific literature and critical evaluation of the evidence available using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. These guidelines are intended for health-care providers, HIV program managers, policy-makers, national treatment advisory boards, researchers, and other professionals involved in caring for people who either have or may be at risk of developing disseminated histoplasmosis.
