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Author: Yuran Huang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The interfaces with micro/nanostructures in nature play important roles to bring in specific functions, which inspired and drove the development of novel nanostructures, including inorganic nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles. Among them, polymeric nanoparticles have been widely explored to programming interfaces because of the precise controlling in synthesis of polymers. Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a unique polymerization technique, which can incorporate versatile functional groups, tunable composition (hydrophobicity, molecular weight), and stimuli-responsiveness to endow various functionalities for the polymers, which have been explored for different application areas. In our research, we focused on designing and synthesizing multifunctional ROMP-based polymeric materials programming interfaces for different applications. For Chapter 2, we describe amphiphilic tri-block copolymers containing FeIII-catecholate complexes formulated as spherical- or cylindrical-shaped micellar nanoparticles (SMN and CMN respectively) as new T1-weighted agents with high relaxivity, low cytotoxicity, and long-term stability in biological fluids. Relaxivities of both SMN and CMN exceed those of established gadolinium chelates across a wide range of magnetic field strengths. Interestingly, shape-dependent behavior was observed in terms of the particles' interactions with HeLa cells, with CMN exhibiting enhanced uptake and contrast via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with SMN. These results suggest that control over soft nanoparticle shape will provide an avenue for optimization of particle based contrast agents as biodiagnostics. We propose those polycatechol nanoparticles as suitable for pre-clinical investigations into their viability as gadolinium-free, safe and effective imaging agents for MRI contrast enhancement. For Chapter 3, we describe a method for the stabilization of low-boiling point (low-bp) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) at physiological temperatures by an amphiphilic triblock copolymer which can emulsify PFCs and be crosslinked. After UV-induced thiol-ene crosslinking, the core of the PFC emulsion remains in liquid form even at temperatures exceeding their boiling points. Critically, the formulation permits vaporization at rarefactional pressures relevant for clinical ultrasound. For Chapter 4, liquid crystals confined within micrometer-scale domains have been explored as the basis of a wide range of field- and stimuli-responsive materials for use in technologies spanning from biological sensors to electro-optical devices. We aim to build up a versatile stimuli-responsive polymeric surfactant to modulate the orientation of liquid crystal microdroplets. By incorporated different types of cleavable linkers into this system, we are able to endow versatile stimuli-responsiveness (UV, Redox, pH, ROS) in order to adapt to different certain circumstances. We proved that those cleavable linker-contained homopolymers were able to emulsify with liquid crystal droplets and generate radial configuration. Then, by introducing specific stimuli, the linker will be cleaved and the homopolymer will be disassembled from the surface, then the configurations of liquid crystal droplets will change into bipolar. This work will provide fundamental information for designing a stimuli-responsive ROMP-based polymeric system, and it is promising to utilize this system as biosensor to detect some specific behaviors. For Chapter 5, we prepared melanin-like nanoparticles (MelNPs) via spontaneous oxidation of dopamine, as biocompatible, synthetic analogues of naturally occurring melanosomes, and investigated their uptake, transport, distribution, and UV-protective capabilities in human keratinocytes. Critically, we demonstrate that MelNPs are endocytosed, undergo perinuclear aggregation, and form a supranuclear cap, or so-called microparasol in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa), mimicking the behavior of natural melananosomes in terms of cellular distribution and the fact that they serve to protect the cells from UV damage.
Author: Yuran Huang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Get Book Here
Book Description
The interfaces with micro/nanostructures in nature play important roles to bring in specific functions, which inspired and drove the development of novel nanostructures, including inorganic nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles. Among them, polymeric nanoparticles have been widely explored to programming interfaces because of the precise controlling in synthesis of polymers. Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a unique polymerization technique, which can incorporate versatile functional groups, tunable composition (hydrophobicity, molecular weight), and stimuli-responsiveness to endow various functionalities for the polymers, which have been explored for different application areas. In our research, we focused on designing and synthesizing multifunctional ROMP-based polymeric materials programming interfaces for different applications. For Chapter 2, we describe amphiphilic tri-block copolymers containing FeIII-catecholate complexes formulated as spherical- or cylindrical-shaped micellar nanoparticles (SMN and CMN respectively) as new T1-weighted agents with high relaxivity, low cytotoxicity, and long-term stability in biological fluids. Relaxivities of both SMN and CMN exceed those of established gadolinium chelates across a wide range of magnetic field strengths. Interestingly, shape-dependent behavior was observed in terms of the particles' interactions with HeLa cells, with CMN exhibiting enhanced uptake and contrast via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with SMN. These results suggest that control over soft nanoparticle shape will provide an avenue for optimization of particle based contrast agents as biodiagnostics. We propose those polycatechol nanoparticles as suitable for pre-clinical investigations into their viability as gadolinium-free, safe and effective imaging agents for MRI contrast enhancement. For Chapter 3, we describe a method for the stabilization of low-boiling point (low-bp) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) at physiological temperatures by an amphiphilic triblock copolymer which can emulsify PFCs and be crosslinked. After UV-induced thiol-ene crosslinking, the core of the PFC emulsion remains in liquid form even at temperatures exceeding their boiling points. Critically, the formulation permits vaporization at rarefactional pressures relevant for clinical ultrasound. For Chapter 4, liquid crystals confined within micrometer-scale domains have been explored as the basis of a wide range of field- and stimuli-responsive materials for use in technologies spanning from biological sensors to electro-optical devices. We aim to build up a versatile stimuli-responsive polymeric surfactant to modulate the orientation of liquid crystal microdroplets. By incorporated different types of cleavable linkers into this system, we are able to endow versatile stimuli-responsiveness (UV, Redox, pH, ROS) in order to adapt to different certain circumstances. We proved that those cleavable linker-contained homopolymers were able to emulsify with liquid crystal droplets and generate radial configuration. Then, by introducing specific stimuli, the linker will be cleaved and the homopolymer will be disassembled from the surface, then the configurations of liquid crystal droplets will change into bipolar. This work will provide fundamental information for designing a stimuli-responsive ROMP-based polymeric system, and it is promising to utilize this system as biosensor to detect some specific behaviors. For Chapter 5, we prepared melanin-like nanoparticles (MelNPs) via spontaneous oxidation of dopamine, as biocompatible, synthetic analogues of naturally occurring melanosomes, and investigated their uptake, transport, distribution, and UV-protective capabilities in human keratinocytes. Critically, we demonstrate that MelNPs are endocytosed, undergo perinuclear aggregation, and form a supranuclear cap, or so-called microparasol in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa), mimicking the behavior of natural melananosomes in terms of cellular distribution and the fact that they serve to protect the cells from UV damage.
Author: Arun Nanda
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128222859
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 521
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Book Description
Nanotechnology is key to the design and manufacture of the new generation of cosmetics. Nanotechnology can enhance the performance and properties of cosmetics, including colour, transparency, solubility, texture, and durability. Sunscreen products, such as UV nano-filters, nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO particles, can offer an advantage over their traditional counterparts due to their broad UV-protection and non-cutaneous side effects. For perfumes, nano-droplets can be found in cosmetic products including Eau de Toilette and Eau de Parfum. Nanomaterials can also be used in cosmetics as transdermal drug delivery systems. By using smart nanocontainers, active compounds such as vitamins, antioxidants, nutrients, and anti-inflammatory, anti-infective agents, can be delivered effectively. These smart nanocontainers are typically related with the smart releasing property for their embedded active substances. These smart releases could be obtained by using the smart coatings as their outer nano-shells. These nano-shells could prevent the direct contact between these active agents and the adjacent local environments. Nanocosmetics: Fundamentals, Applications and Toxicity explores the formulation design concepts and emerging applications of nanocosmetics. The book also focuses on the mitigation or prevention of their potential nanotoxicity, potential global regulatory challenges, and the technical challenges of mass implementation. It is an important reference source for materials scientists and pharmaceutical scientists looking to further their understanding of how nanotechnology is being used for the new generation of cosmetics. - Outlines the major fabrication and formulation design concepts of nanoscale products for cosmetic applications - Explores how nanomaterials can safely be used for various applications in cosmetic products - Assesses the major challenges of using nanomaterials for cosmetic applications on a large scale
Author: Adnan Nasir
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461450349
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
Nanotechnology in Dermatology is the first book of its kind to address all of the important and rapidly growing aspects of nanotechnology as it relates to dermatology. In the last few years there has been an explosion in research and development for products and devices related to nanotechnology, including numerous applications for consumers, physicians, patients, and industry. Applications are underway in medicine and dermatology for the early detection, diagnosis, and targeted therapy of disease, and nanodesigned materials and devices are expected to be faster, smaller, more powerful, more efficient, and more versatile than their traditional counterparts. Written by experts working in this exciting field, Nanotechnology in Dermatology specifically addresses nanotechnology in consumer skin care products, in the diagnosis of skin disease, in the treatment of skin disease, and the overall safety of nanotechnology. The book also discusses future trends of this ever-growing and changing field, providing dermatologists, pharmaceutical companies, and consumer cosmetics companies with a clear understanding of the advantages and challenges of nanotechnology today.
Author: Laura Poole-Warren
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1782421130
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Biosynthetic Polymers for Medical Applications provides the latest information on biopolymers, the polymers that have been produced from living organisms and are biodegradable in nature. These advanced materials are becoming increasingly important for medical applications due to their favorable properties, such as degradability and biocompatibility. This important book provides readers with a thorough review of the fundamentals of biosynthetic polymers and their applications. Part One covers the fundamentals of biosynthetic polymers for medical applications, while Part Two explores biosynthetic polymer coatings and surface modification. Subsequent sections discuss biosynthetic polymers for tissue engineering applications and how to conduct polymers for medical applications. Comprehensively covers all major medical applications of biosynthetic polymers Provides an overview of non-degradable and biodegradable biosynthetic polymers and their medical uses Presents a specific focus on coatings and surface modifications, biosynthetic hydrogels, particulate systems for gene and drug delivery, and conjugated conducting polymers
Author: Xiaoyu Wang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662530686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
This book describes the fundamental concepts, the latest developments and the outlook of the field of nanozymes (i.e., the catalytic nanomaterials with enzymatic characteristics). As one of today’s most exciting fields, nanozyme research lies at the interface of chemistry, biology, materials science and nanotechnology. Each of the book’s six chapters explores advances in nanozymes. Following an introduction to the rise of nanozymes research in the course of research on natural enzymes and artificial enzymes in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 through 5 discuss different nanomaterials used to mimic various natural enzymes, from carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials to metal oxide-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials. In each of these chapters, the nanomaterials’ enzyme mimetic activities, catalytic mechanisms and key applications are covered. In closing, Chapter 6 addresses the current challenges and outlines further directions for nanozymes. Presenting extensive information on nanozymes and supplemented with a wealth of color illustrations and tables, the book offers an ideal guide for readers from disparate areas, including analytical chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, biomedical and clinical engineering, environmental science and engineering, green chemistry, and novel catalysis.
Author: S.V. Bhat
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401003289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
As biomaterials are used in medical devices, meeting needs in such diverse surgical disciplines as ophthalmology, cardiology, neuromuscular surgery, orthopaedics, dentistry, etc., they must have intimate contact with patient's tissue or body fluids, providing a real physical interface which seriously restricts developments. This book is written for those who would like to advance their knowledge of biomaterials. The subject matter of the book is divided into twelve chapters dealing with the structure and relationship of biological and man-made biomaterials. The application of these materials for various medical devices, and recent developments in tissue engineering, are also discussed.
Author: Masoud Rahman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642375553
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
In recent years, the fabrication of nanomaterials and exploration of their properties have attracted the attention of various scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering. Although nanoparticulate systems are of significant interest in various scientific and technological areas, there is little known about the safety of these nanoscale objects. It has now been established that the surfaces of nanoparticles are immediately covered by biomolecules (e.g. proteins, ions, and enzymes) upon their entrance into a biological medium. This interaction with the biological medium modulates the surface of the nanoparticles, conferring a “biological identity” to their surfaces (referred to as a “corona”), which determines the subsequent cellular/tissue responses. The new interface between the nanoparticles and the biological medium/proteins, called “bio-nano interface,” has been very rarely studied in detail to date, though the interest in this topic is rapidly growing. In this book, the importance of the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles for the properties of the protein corona is discussed in detail, followed by comprehensive descriptions of the methods for assessing the protein-nanoparticle interactions. The advantages and limitations of available corona evaluation methods (e.g. spectroscopy methods, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and differential centrifugal sedimentation) are examined in detail, followed by a discussion of the possibilities for enhancing the current methods and a call for new techniques. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of protein-nanoparticle interaction phenomena are explored and discussed, with a focus on the biological impacts.
Author: T. Cheng
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461538580
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 409
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Book Description
Polymers continue to show almost amazing versatility. We have always known that polymers could be used for trinkets, toys and dishes. Now, however, we are no longer surprised to encounter these adaptable mate rials in almost every place we look. We find them in our cars, tools, electronic devices, building materials, etc. The use of polymeric mate rials in medicine is also well documented in previous books by one of the Editors (Gebelein) and by others. Likewise, the use of polymeric mate rials in pharmaceutical applications, especially in controlled release systems, is also well established. Nevertheless, the use of these ubiquitous chemicals is far less ob vious in the field of cosmetics, although modern cosmetic preparations rely heavily on polymers and this trend is certain to increase. This book brings together much of the basic information on polymers in cosmetics and compares this usage with similar applications in pharmaceutical and medical applications. Cosmetics, like medicine and pharmacy, dates back to antiquity. We can find uses of perfumes, balms and ointments in various old books, such as the Bible. For example, the use of ointments and balms is noted more than thirty eight times, and perfumes and related materials are cited at least twenty nine times in the Bible.
Author: Raja K Sivamani
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482214172
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics discusses the science of nearly two dozen cosmeceuticals used today. This third edition provides ample evidence on specific cosmeceutical substances, their classes of use, skin conditions for which they are used, and points of interest arising from other considerations, such as toxicology and manufacturing. The book discusses both cosmetic and therapeutic uses of cosmeceuticals for various conditions including rosacea, dry skin, alopecia, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, purpura, and vitiligo. Active ingredients in the following products are discussed: caffeine, curcumin, green tea, Rhodiola rosea, milk thistle, and more. Also covered are topical peptides and proteins, amino acids and derivatives, antioxidants, vitamins E and C, niacinamide, botanical extracts, and biomarine actives. Providing ample scientific references, this book is an excellent guide to understanding the science behind the use of cosmeceuticals to treat a variety of dermatological conditions.
Author: John T. Landrum
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420052314
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Book Description
Carotenoids are of great interest due to their essential biological functions in both plants and animals. However, the properties and functions of carotenoids in natural systems are surprisingly complex. With an emphasis on the chemical aspects of these compounds, Carotenoids: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Functions and Properties presents a b
