Molecular Assisted Recombination Processes in N2 Seeded D Plasmas PDF Download
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Author: Shota Abe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
The new molecular assisted recombination [MAR] of hydrogen plasmas supported by ammonia is investigated and presented throughout this work. The plasma detachment scheme has been considered to be a practical approach to drastically reduce the harsh heat flux to prevent severe damage onto the divertor plates. In the detached divertor plasma operation, the plasma from the fusion core loses its energy by the radiation loss in the upstream divertor region, and is recombined before it touches the divertor plate in the downstream region, with help of impurity gas seeding. Nitrogen is the strong candidate of cooling gas species, and forms compounds with hydrogen i.e. ammonia. This hydronitrogen-enhanced MAR [HN-MAR] process would occur throughout two steps: 1) charge or ion exchange reactions between hydrogen ions and ammonia molecules, 2) recombination reactions between NH3+ or NH4+ ions and electrons. In this work, the HN-MAR process including those 2 steps is studied combining experiments and rate equation model. The PISCES-E plasma device is used to make plasmas (ne ~ 10^16-10^18 m-3, Te ~ 3-4 eV) with D2, N2, ND3, and Ar gas feeding. As the 1st step of HN-MAR, the formation processes of ND3+ and ND4+ are investigated in low density D-N plasmas (ne ~ 10^16 m-3). The model shows that dominant neutralization channel of D+, D2+, and D3+ in the volume is the creation process of ND3+ and ND4+ throughout the charge or ion exchange reactions with ND3. The 2nd step of HN-MAR is studied using high density D-N-Ar plasmas (ne 10^17=10^18 m-3), in which the recombination process of ND3+ and ND4+ cannot be negligible comparing to the wall loss. The result shows that, as the plasma density is increased to these larger values, the ND4+ density fraction undergoes a drastic decrease in good agreement with a 0-d chemical kinetics model. These results provide evidence for the dissociative recombination reactions in the HN-MAR process. Finally, it is strongly suggested that the HN-MAR process is major chemical reactions in our D-N plasmas.
Author: Shota Abe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Get Book Here
Book Description
The new molecular assisted recombination [MAR] of hydrogen plasmas supported by ammonia is investigated and presented throughout this work. The plasma detachment scheme has been considered to be a practical approach to drastically reduce the harsh heat flux to prevent severe damage onto the divertor plates. In the detached divertor plasma operation, the plasma from the fusion core loses its energy by the radiation loss in the upstream divertor region, and is recombined before it touches the divertor plate in the downstream region, with help of impurity gas seeding. Nitrogen is the strong candidate of cooling gas species, and forms compounds with hydrogen i.e. ammonia. This hydronitrogen-enhanced MAR [HN-MAR] process would occur throughout two steps: 1) charge or ion exchange reactions between hydrogen ions and ammonia molecules, 2) recombination reactions between NH3+ or NH4+ ions and electrons. In this work, the HN-MAR process including those 2 steps is studied combining experiments and rate equation model. The PISCES-E plasma device is used to make plasmas (ne ~ 10^16-10^18 m-3, Te ~ 3-4 eV) with D2, N2, ND3, and Ar gas feeding. As the 1st step of HN-MAR, the formation processes of ND3+ and ND4+ are investigated in low density D-N plasmas (ne ~ 10^16 m-3). The model shows that dominant neutralization channel of D+, D2+, and D3+ in the volume is the creation process of ND3+ and ND4+ throughout the charge or ion exchange reactions with ND3. The 2nd step of HN-MAR is studied using high density D-N-Ar plasmas (ne 10^17=10^18 m-3), in which the recombination process of ND3+ and ND4+ cannot be negligible comparing to the wall loss. The result shows that, as the plasma density is increased to these larger values, the ND4+ density fraction undergoes a drastic decrease in good agreement with a 0-d chemical kinetics model. These results provide evidence for the dissociative recombination reactions in the HN-MAR process. Finally, it is strongly suggested that the HN-MAR process is major chemical reactions in our D-N plasmas.
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030351068
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Controlled fusion
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Pavel Polynkin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319652206
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
This book presents the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of the rapidly developing field of air lasing. In most applications of lasers, such as cutting and engraving, the laser source is brought to the point of service where the laser beam is needed to perform its function. However, in some important applications such as remote atmospheric sensing, placing the laser at a convenient location is not an option. Current sensing schemes rely on the detection of weak backscattering of ground-based, forward-propagating optical probes, and possess limited sensitivity. The concept of air lasing (or atmospheric lasing) relies on the idea that the constituents of the air itself can be used as an active laser medium, creating a backward-propagating, impulsive, laser-like radiation emanating from a remote location in the atmosphere. This book provides important insights into the current state of development of air lasing and its applications.
Author: See Leang Chin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441906886
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
This book attempts to give a discussion of the physics and current and potential applications of the self-focusing of an intense femtosecond laser pulse in a tra- parent medium. Although self-focusing is an old subject of nonlinear optics, the consequence of self-focusing of intense femtosecond laser pulses is totally new and unexpected. Thus, new phenomena are observed, such as long range lam- tation, intensity clamping, white light laser pulse, self-spatial ltering, self-group phase locking, self-pulse compression, clean nonlinear uorescence, and so on. Long range propagation at high intensity, which is seemingly against the law of diffraction, is probably one of the most exciting consequences of this new sub- eld of nonlinear optics. Because the intensity inside the lament core is high, new ways of doing nonlinear optics inside the lament become possible. We call this lamentation nonlinear optics. We shall describe the generation of pulses at other wavelengths in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) starting from the near infrared pump pulse at 800 nm through four-wave-mixing and third harmonic generation, all in gases. Remotely sensing uorescence from the fragments of chemical and biological agents in all forms, gaseous, aerosol or solid, inside the laments in air is demonstrated in the labo- tory. The results will be shown in the last part of the book. Through analyzing the uorescence of gas molecules inside the lament, an unexpected physical process pertaining to the interaction of synchrotron radiation with molecules is observed.
Author: P.C Stangeby
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780750305594
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 738
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Book Description
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices introduces the physics of the plasma boundary region, including plasma-surface interactions, with an emphasis on those occurring in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. The book covers plasma-surface interaction, Debye sheaths, sputtering, scrape-off layers, plasma impurities, recycling and control, 1D and 2D fluid and kinetic modeling of particle transport, plasma properties at the edge, diverter and limiter physics, and control of the plasma boundary. Divided into three parts, the book begins with Part 1, an introduction to the plasma boundary. The derivations are heuristic and worked problems help crystallize physical intuition, which is emphasized throughout. Part 2 provides an introduction to methods of modeling the plasma edge region and for interpreting computer code results. Part 3 presents a collection of essays on currently active research hot topics. With an extensive bibliography and index, this book is an invaluable first port-of-call for researchers interested in plasma-surface interactions.
Author: Reza Ghodssi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387473181
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1211
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Book Description
MEMs Materials and Processes Handbook" is a comprehensive reference for researchers searching for new materials, properties of known materials, or specific processes available for MEMS fabrication. The content is separated into distinct sections on "Materials" and "Processes". The extensive Material Selection Guide" and a "Material Database" guides the reader through the selection of appropriate materials for the required task at hand. The "Processes" section of the book is organized as a catalog of various microfabrication processes, each with a brief introduction to the technology, as well as examples of common uses in MEMs.
Author: Thomas J. Dolan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447155564
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
Magnetic Fusion Technology describes the technologies that are required for successful development of nuclear fusion power plants using strong magnetic fields. These technologies include: • magnet systems, • plasma heating systems, • control systems, • energy conversion systems, • advanced materials development, • vacuum systems, • cryogenic systems, • plasma diagnostics, • safety systems, and • power plant design studies. Magnetic Fusion Technology will be useful to students and to specialists working in energy research.
Author: John Gillaspy
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781560727255
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
This book provides and elementary introduction to the field of trapping highly charged ions. The first group of chapters is intended to describe the various sorts of highly charged ion traps: EBIT, EBIS, ECR, Storage Rings and various speciality traps. The authors focus on their own ion trap facilities in order to teach by example. The chapters range in scope from comprehensive reviews to brief introductions. The second group of chapters is intended to give a flavour of the various sorts of scientific research which are presently being carried out with traps for highly charged ions. These chapters not only inform, but also stimulate newcomers to think up fresh ideas. The articles in this second group generally fall into one of three broad categories: atomic structure experiments, ion-surface interactions and precision mass spectrometry. The third group of chapters is intended to deal with theory and spectroscopic analysis. It provides some of the background material necessary to make sense of observed phenomenology, to allow detailed explanation of experimental data, and to sensibly plan further experimentation. An appendix provides a complete keyword-annotated bibliography of pa
Author: David C Sherrington
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1847551963
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.
