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Author: A.A. Chernov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642689388
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Our understanding of the basic processes of crystal growth has meanwhile reached the level of maturity at least in the phenomenological concepts. This concerns for example the growth of pure crystals from a low-density nutrient phase like vapor or dilute solution with various aspects of pattern formation like spiral and layer growth, facetting and roughening, and the stability of smooth macroscopic shapes, as well as basic mechanisms of impurity incorporation in melt growth of (in this sense) simple materials like silicon or organic model substances. In parallel the experimental techniques to quantitatively ana lyze the various growth mechanisms have also reached a high level of reproducibility and precision, giving reliable tests on theoretical predictions. These basic concepts and appli cations to experiments have been recently reviewed by one of us (A. A. C. ) in "Modern Crystallography III. Crystal Growth" (Springer Series on Solid State Sciences, 1983). It has to be emphasized, however, that for practical applications we are still unable to quantitatively calculate many important parameters like kinetic coefficients from first principles. For mixed systems such as complex oxides, solutions and systems with chemi cal reactions, our degree of understanding is even lower. As a few examples for present achievements we note that experiments with vapour and molecular beam condensation of alkali halides confirmed the qualitatively predicted mechanisms of screw dislocations and two-dimensional nucleation for layer-growth.
Author: A.A. Chernov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642689388
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 151
Get Book Here
Book Description
Our understanding of the basic processes of crystal growth has meanwhile reached the level of maturity at least in the phenomenological concepts. This concerns for example the growth of pure crystals from a low-density nutrient phase like vapor or dilute solution with various aspects of pattern formation like spiral and layer growth, facetting and roughening, and the stability of smooth macroscopic shapes, as well as basic mechanisms of impurity incorporation in melt growth of (in this sense) simple materials like silicon or organic model substances. In parallel the experimental techniques to quantitatively ana lyze the various growth mechanisms have also reached a high level of reproducibility and precision, giving reliable tests on theoretical predictions. These basic concepts and appli cations to experiments have been recently reviewed by one of us (A. A. C. ) in "Modern Crystallography III. Crystal Growth" (Springer Series on Solid State Sciences, 1983). It has to be emphasized, however, that for practical applications we are still unable to quantitatively calculate many important parameters like kinetic coefficients from first principles. For mixed systems such as complex oxides, solutions and systems with chemi cal reactions, our degree of understanding is even lower. As a few examples for present achievements we note that experiments with vapour and molecular beam condensation of alkali halides confirmed the qualitatively predicted mechanisms of screw dislocations and two-dimensional nucleation for layer-growth.
Author:
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540186021
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: A.A. Chernov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642818358
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Early in this century, the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the whole science of the atomic structure of matter, thus giving a new impetus to the development of solid-state physics. Crystallographic methods, pri marily x-ray diffraction analysis, penetrated into materials sciences, mol ecular physics, and chemistry, and also into many other branches of science. Later, electron and neutron diffraction structure analyses be came important since they not only complement x-ray data, but also supply new information on the atomic and the real structure of crystals. Electron microscopy and other modern methods of investigating mat ter-optical, electronic paramagnetic, nuclear magnetic, and other res onance techniques-yield a large amount of information on the atomic, electronic, and real crystal structures. Crystal physics has also undergone vigorous development. Many re markable phenomena have been discovered in crystals and then found various practical applications. Other important factors promoting the development of crystallog raphy were the elaboration of the theory of crystal growth (which brought crystallography closer to thermodynamics and physical chem istry) and the development of the various methods of growing synthetic crystals dictated by practical needs. Man-made crystals became increas ingly important for physical investigations, and they rapidly invaded technology. The production . of synthetic crystals made a tremendous impact on the traditional branches: the mechanical treatment of mate rials, precision instrument making, and the jewelry industry.
Author: K. Byrappa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540003670
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
Crystals are the unacknowledged pillars of modern technology. The modern technological developments depend greatly on the availability of suitable single crystals, whether it is for lasers, semiconductors, magnetic devices, optical devices, superconductors, telecommunication, etc. In spite of great technological advancements in the recent years, we are still in the early stage with respect to the growth of several important crystals such as diamond, silicon carbide, PZT, gallium nitride, and so on. Unless the science of growing these crystals is understood precisely, it is impossible to grow them as large single crystals to be applied in modern industry. This book deals with almost all the modern crystal growth techniques that have been adopted, including appropriate case studies. Since there has been no other book published to cover the subject after the Handbook of Crystal Growth, Eds. DTJ Hurle, published during 1993-1995, this book will fill the existing gap for its readers. The book begins with "Growth Histories of Mineral Crystals" by the most senior expert in this field, Professor Ichiro Sunagawa. The next chapter reviews recent developments in the theory of crystal growth, which is equally important before moving on to actual techniques. After the first two fundamental chapters, the book covers other topics like the recent progress in quartz growth, diamond growth, silicon carbide single crystals, PZT crystals, nonlinear optical crystals, solid state laser crystals, gemstones, high melting oxides like lithium niobates, hydroxyapatite, GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy, superconducting crystals, morphology control, and more. For the first time, the crystal growth modeling has been discussed in detail with reference to PZT and SiC crystals.
Author: Govindhan Dhanaraj
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540747613
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1823
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Book Description
Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.
Author: Ivan V. Markov
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812382453
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 566
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Book Description
This is the first-ever textbook on the fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy. It has been written from a unified point of view and is thus a non-eclectic presentation of this interdisciplinary topic in materials science. The reader is required to possess some basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. All formulae and equations are accompanied by examples that are of technological importance. The book presents not only the fundamentals but also the state of the art in the subject. The second revised edition includes two separate chapters dealing with the effect of the Enrich-Schwoebel barrier for down-step diffusion, as well as the effect of surface active species, on the morphology of the growing surfaces. In addition, many other chapters are updated accordingly. Thus, it serves as a valuable reference book for both graduate students and researchers in materials science.
Author: A. A. Chernov
Publisher: Springer Verlag
ISBN: 9780387115160
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 517
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Book Description
Author: H. Müller-Krumbhaar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: C. H. L. Goodman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475748965
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
The science and art of crystal growing continue to flourish; even with increasing understanding of the science, "feel" and skill continue to play their vital part, as was so clearly evidenced at the recent Boston International Conference on Crystal Growth. The aim of this volume, the same as that of the first, is to try to improve understanding by providing detailed discussions of crystal growth techniques and problems that arise with them. The published paper in the specialized literature is too limited a vehicle, by convention and by editorial pressure on length, to discuss matters in detail, yet it is in the small details born of experience that vital information can often lie concealed. A major aim of this series, therefore, has been to encourage contributors to describe rather fully what has been achieved in their special fields. The next volume of this series is now well underway and plans for Volume 4 are advanced. If you, the reader, feel that some important aspect of crystal growth is being unjustifiably neglected, perhaps you should consider offering a contribution! And even if you do not wish to do that, please do offer criticism-preferably constructive. I hope that the present volume will prove as useful and interesting to crystal growers as apparently did the first volume of the series; certainly the warm commendations that that volume has elicited were a great encouragement for the present work. Finally it is a pleasure to thank Standard Telecommunication Laboratories for its continuing support.
Author: Jinjin Li
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781536122039
Category : Crystal growth
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
With the highly competitive development of pharmaceutical and chemical industries, mastering crystal growth is becoming increasingly important. Modern industrial manufacturers place high importance on the ability to grow novel crystals with a specific habit and improve the performance of existed crystals using tailored operating conditions. Therefore, the ability to synthesise a particular morphology and to predict the crystal morphology of new compounds is becoming even more desirable. The recent development of crystal growth is vital for researchers in crystallography and crystallisation to respond and realise this objective. With this need in mind, this book mainly targeted at introducing crystal growth from three aspects ranging from basic concepts and detailed mechanisms to advanced applications in hot areas of materials science. This book introduces various experimental and theoretical methods to grow different crystals, which includes the techniques to grow single crystals, CaCO3 polymorphs, metal-organic crystals, liquid crystals, fenamate crystals, cocrystals, and the theoretical models to predict the crystal morphologies within a different environment. From these carefully selected contents, readers will not only learn of the basic theory and experimental techniques implemented, but also keep abreast with both state-of-the-art crystal growth and its overlap with other subjects.
