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Author: Edwin Walter Kemmerer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Currency question
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
Author: Edwin Walter Kemmerer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Currency question
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
Author: Mr.Johannes Wiegand
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498301223
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
In 1871-73, newly unified Germany adopted the gold standard, replacing the silver-based currencies that had been prevalent in most German states until then. The reform sparked a series of steps in other countries that ultimately ended global bimetallism, i.e., a near-universal fixed exchange rate system in which (mostly) France stabilized the exchange value between gold and silver currencies. As a result, silver currencies depreciated sharply, and severe deflation ensued in the gold block. Why did Germany switch to gold and set the train of destructive events in motion? Both a review of the contemporaneous debate and statistical evidence suggest that it acted preemptively: the Australian and Californian gold discoveries of around 1850 had greatly increased the global supply of gold. By the mid-1860s, gold threatened to crowd out silver money in France, which would have severed the link between gold and silver currencies. Without reform, Germany would thus have risked exclusion from the fixed exchange rate system that tied together the major industrial economies. Reform required French accommodation, however. Victory in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870/71 allowed Germany to force accommodation, but only until France settled the war indemnity and regained sovereignty in late 1873. In this situation, switching to gold was superior to adopting bimetallism, as it prevented France from derailing Germany’s reform ex-post.
Author: John Maynard Keynes
Publisher: Cosimo Classics
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
"The long run is a misleading guide to current affairs. In the long run we are all dead." -John Maynard Keynes, A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923) A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923), by British economist John Maynard Keynes, is a masterly analysis of the world monetary situation at the beginning of the twentieth century. Keynes stated the importance of stable domestic prices and a stable currency for a strong economy, while arguing against the gold standard, which at that time was used for the US dollar and many other currencies. Britain abandoned the gold standard in 1931-after it had re-established it in 1925-and the United States abandoned the gold standard in 1933. A Tract on Monetary Reform is essential reading for anyone interested in Keynes' theories and for students of economics or economic history.
Author: Beat Weber
Publisher:
ISBN: 1107195810
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
Weber provides an economic analysis of current, post-crash monetary reform proposals, including Bitcoin, sovereign money, regional money and modern monetary theory. The book critically examines these reform concepts, exposing their flaws and fallacies, guiding the reader towards a contemporary understanding of what money is and how it works today.
Author: Lewis E. Lehrman
Publisher: The Lehrman Institute
ISBN: 0984017801
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Of the monetary reform plan -- Introduction -- The purpose of The True Gold Standard -- The properties of gold -- Restoration of the gold dollar -- How we get from here to there -- Conclusion -- Appendix I: Excerpts from the United States Constitution -- Appendix II: Coinage Act of 1792 -- Appendix III: American monetary history in brief, price stability.
Author: L. Randall Wray
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137539925
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This second edition explores how money 'works' in the modern economy and synthesises the key principles of Modern Money Theory, exploring macro accounting, currency regimes and exchange rates in both the USA and developing nations.
Author: Sebastian Felten
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1009116479
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
The Dutch Republic was an important hub in the early modern world-economy, a place where hundreds of monies were used alongside each other. Sebastian Felten explores regional, European and global circuits of exchange by analysing everyday practices in Dutch cities and villages in the period 1600-1850. He reveals how for peasants and craftsmen, stewards and churchmen, merchants and metallurgists, money was an everyday social technology that helped them to carve out a livelihood. With vivid examples of accounting and assaying practices, Felten offers a key to understanding the internal logic of early modern money. This book uses new archival evidence and an approach informed by the history of technology to show how plural currencies gave early modern users considerable agency. It explores how the move to uniform national currency limited this agency in the nineteenth century and thus helps us make sense of the new plurality of payments systems today.
Author: Alvita Akiboh
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226828484
Category : Emblems, National
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
"Alvita Akiboh's book reveals how US national identity has been created, challenged, and transformed through embodiments of empire found in its territories, whether stamps, flags, or currency. These objects are economic and symbolic, but they also encode the relationships between territories-including the Philippines, the Marshall Islands, Puerto Rico, and Palau-and the empire with which they are entangled. Akiboh shows how such items became objects of local power, transmogrifying their original intent. For even if imperial territories were not always front and center for federal lawmakers and administrators, the people living there remained continuously aware of the imperial United States, whose presence announced itself on every bit of currency, every stamp, and the local flag"--
Author: Bernard Lietaer
Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers
ISBN: 1609942981
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
This study reveals how our monetary system reinforces scarcity, and how communities are already using new paradigms to foster sustainable prosperity. In the United States and across Europe, our economies are stuck in an agonizing cycle of repeated financial meltdowns. Yet solutions already exist, not only our recurring fiscal crises but our ongoing social and ecological debacles as well. These changes came about not through increased conventional taxation, enlightened self-interest, or government programs, but by people simply rethinking the concept of money. In Rethinking Money, Bernard Lietaer and Jacqui Dunne explore the origins of our current monetary system—built on bank debt and scarcity—revealing how its limitations give rise to so many serious problems. The authors then present stories of ordinary people and communities using new money, working in cooperation with national currencies, to strengthen local economies, create work, beautify cities, provide education, and more. These real-world examples are just the tip of the iceberg—over four thousand cooperative currencies are already in existence. The book provides remedies for challenges faced by governments, businesses, nonprofits, local communities, and even banks. It demystifies a complex and critically important topic and offers meaningful solutions that will do far more than restore prosperity—it will provide the framework for an era of sustainable abundance.
Author: C. Fred Bergsten
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 0881327255
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Conflicts over currency valuations are a recurrent feature of the modern global economy. To strengthen their international competitiveness, many countries resort to buying foreign currencies to make their exports cheaper and their imports more expensive. In the first decade of the 21st century, for example, China's currency manipulation practices were so flagrant that they produced a backlash in the United States and other trading partners, prompting threats of retaliation. How damaging is the practice of currency manipulation—and how extensive is the problem? This book by C. Fred Bergsten and Joseph E. Gagnon—two leading experts on trade, investment, and the effects of currency manipulation—traces the history, causes, and effects of currency manipulation and analyzes a range of policy responses that the United States could adopt. The book is an indispensable guide to a complex and serious problem and what might be done to solve it.
