Modeling Metal Transport in Urban Stormwater Runoff Through Bioretention Facility and the Vadose Zone in Puget Sound Region, Washington PDF Download
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Author: Tianyan Guo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Tianyan Guo
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jennifer J. Gaus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Runoff
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Author: Jingqiu Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Natural attenuation is a cost effective method to treat wastewater applied into soil. The natural attenuation process includes diffusion, dispersion, microbial activity, oxidation, mineral precipitation, sorption, and ion exchange to mitigate hydrocarbon, nutrient, metals, and solids. Vegetation also plays an important role in reducing water volume, and removing nutrients and solutes from the contaminated soil. We used a reactive transport model MIN3P-THM to simulate the natural attenuation on stormwater runoff, and oil and gas produced wastewater. In bioretention systems, the model results indicated that the bioretention systems were able to remove most of heavy metals, nitrate, and organic carbon through natural attenuation in the soil. Due to macropores and fast flow paths created by roots in vegetated cells, the water can carry ions flowing out of the system very quickly leading to a higher outflow rate and less removal efficiency than non-vegetated cells. The model also tested a range of possible design configurations to determine the optimal saturated zone thickness and outlet location for nitrate removal. In addition, different rainfall levels did influence the natural attenuation performance of bioretention cells under long time application. Due to less water and chemical input, climate patterns may lead to better removal of heavy metals. For land application of Oil and Gas Exploration and Production wastewater, five scenarios were developed to study the impact of chloride, salts, and organic matters on natural attenuation. Water and salinity stress were considered in the model to deal with high salinity wastewater in the root zone. For High-FDS and High-Cl treatments, long time application of high salinity wastewater did accumulate salts in the root zone and affect groundwater quality. Under the High-TOC treatment, TOC begins to build up in the root zone in concentrations up to 750 mg/L. More attention should be paid on long-term land application of high salinity wastewater; the application process may pollute groundwater and nearby rivers causing human health hazard. Plants would reduce water uptake to survive themselves when water and solute stress occurred under high salinity conditions. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152782
Author:
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Category : Flood control
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Author: Haibo Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Pathogenic microorganisms and heavy metals have frequently been detected in urban stormwater runoff. Pathogens transport to the groundwater table with the infiltrating water and cause groundwater contamination. A variety of physical, chemical and biological factors have been studied for their effects on bacterial transport. However, the effect of heavy metals has largely been ignored, despite the elevated concentrations common in stormwater runoff. This work examines changes in bacterial and soil surfaces using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy after exposure to synthetic stormwater amended with heavy metals. Sets of batch bacterial sorption experiments were conducted under different conditions by varying heavy metal concentrations in synthetic stormwater and soil exposure history. The results indicate that the presence of heavy metals increases bacterial attachment to soil surfaces. Modeling bacterial transport during stormwater infiltration is challenging due to the variability and complexity of the physical, chemical and biological interactions in the soil-water-bacteria system. This work quantified changes in bacterial attachment under variable solution chemistry using a newly combined rate equation, which varies temporally and spatially with changes in solution chemistry. The relative importance of physiochemical variation on the estimation of bacterial attachment was quantitatively described using two-phase Monte Carlo analysis. A semi-reactive microbial transport model was further developed in HP1 (HYDRUS1D-PHREEQC) with the incorporation of the newly combined rate equation. The model matched observed bacterial breakthrough curves in laboratory column experiments well. This method represents one step towards a more realistic model of bacterial transport in complex microbial-water-soil systems. The developed model was further applied to the investigation of bacterial removal in field bioretention systems. The influent and effluent water samples from bioretention systems in New York City were sampled and analyzed over the summer of 2012 for fecal indicator Escherichia coli. Reduction of the effluent bacterial concentrations was observed and the removal efficiency was up to 66%. The antecedent dry period was found to affect bacterial removal. Shorter antecedent dry period results in higher soil moisture which is favorable for bacteria in soil to persist. The semi-reactive microbial transport model was applied and the modeled bacterial removal efficiency agrees well with observed values with a slight overestimation. This is primarily due to the presence of preferential flow paths in the field bioretention systems, which are not considered in the model.
Author: Joachim Toby Tourbier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood control
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309125391
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 611
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The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Author: Xiaochang C. Wang
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 9781789060751
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Building water-wise cities is a pressing need nowadays in both developed and developing countries. This is mainly due to the limitation of the available water resources and aging infrastructure to meet the needs of adapting to social and environmental changes and for urban liveability. This is the first book to provide comprehensive insights into theoretical, systematic, and engineering aspects of water-wise cities with a broad coverage of global issues. The book aims to (1) provide a theoretical framework of water-wise cities and associated sustainable water systems including key concepts and principles, (2) provide a brand-new thinking on the design and management of sustainable urban water systems of various scales towards a paradigm shift under the resource and environmental constraints, and (3) provide a technological perspective with successful case studies of technology selection, integration, and optimization on the “fit-for-purpose” basis.
Author: Dale A. McGee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clark County (Wash.)
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Author: Vladimir Novotny
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843391368
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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This book is developed from and includes the presentations of leading international experts and scholars in the 12-14 July, 2006 Wingspread Workshop. With urban waters as a focal point, this book will explore the links between urban water quality and hydrology, and the broader concepts of green cities and smart growth. It also addresses legal and social barriers to urban ecological sustainability and proposes practical ways to overcome those barriers. Cities of the Future features chapters containing visionary concepts on how to ensure that cities and their water resources become ecologically sustainable and are able to provide clean water for all beneficial uses. The book links North American and Worldwide experience and approaches. The book is primarily a professional reference aimed at a wide interdisciplinary audience, including universities, consultants, environmental advocacy groups and legal environmental professionals.
