Author: Eric Rentschler
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674576407
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
Overview of Nazi cinema
Ministry of Illusion
Author: Eric Rentschler
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674576407
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
Overview of Nazi cinema
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674576407
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
Overview of Nazi cinema
Popular Cinema of the Third Reich
Author: Sabine Hake
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 9780292734586
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Too often dismissed as escapist entertainment or vilified as mass manipulation, popular cinema in the Third Reich was in fact sustained by well-established generic conventions, cultural traditions, aesthetic sensibilities, social practices, and a highly developed star system—not unlike its Hollywood counterpart in the 1930s. This pathfinding study contributes to the ongoing reassessment of Third Reich cinema by examining it as a social, cultural, economic, and political practice that often conflicted with, contradicted, and compromised the intentions of the Propaganda Ministry. Nevertheless, by providing the illusion of a public sphere presumably free of politics, popular cinema helped to sustain the Nazi regime, especially during the war years. Rather than examining Third Reich cinema through overdetermined categories such as propaganda, ideology, or fascist aesthetics, Sabine Hake concentrates on the constituent elements shared by most popular cinemas: famous stars, directors, and studios; movie audiences and exhibition practices; popular genres and new trends in set design; the reception of foreign films; the role of film criticism; and the representation of women. She pays special attention to the forced coordination of the industry in 1933, the changing demands on cinema during the war years, and the various ways of coming to terms with these filmic legacies after the war. Throughout, Hake's findings underscore the continuities among Weimar, Third Reich, and post-1945 West German cinema. They also emphasize the codevelopment of German and other national cinemas, especially the dominant Hollywood model.
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 9780292734586
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Too often dismissed as escapist entertainment or vilified as mass manipulation, popular cinema in the Third Reich was in fact sustained by well-established generic conventions, cultural traditions, aesthetic sensibilities, social practices, and a highly developed star system—not unlike its Hollywood counterpart in the 1930s. This pathfinding study contributes to the ongoing reassessment of Third Reich cinema by examining it as a social, cultural, economic, and political practice that often conflicted with, contradicted, and compromised the intentions of the Propaganda Ministry. Nevertheless, by providing the illusion of a public sphere presumably free of politics, popular cinema helped to sustain the Nazi regime, especially during the war years. Rather than examining Third Reich cinema through overdetermined categories such as propaganda, ideology, or fascist aesthetics, Sabine Hake concentrates on the constituent elements shared by most popular cinemas: famous stars, directors, and studios; movie audiences and exhibition practices; popular genres and new trends in set design; the reception of foreign films; the role of film criticism; and the representation of women. She pays special attention to the forced coordination of the industry in 1933, the changing demands on cinema during the war years, and the various ways of coming to terms with these filmic legacies after the war. Throughout, Hake's findings underscore the continuities among Weimar, Third Reich, and post-1945 West German cinema. They also emphasize the codevelopment of German and other national cinemas, especially the dominant Hollywood model.
Illusion in Cultural Practice
Author: Katharina Rein
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 100048114X
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 239
Book Description
This volume explores illusionism as a much larger phenomenon than optical illusion, magic shows, or special effects, as a vital part of how we perceive, process, and shape the world in which we live. Considering different cultural practices characterized by illusionism, this book suggests a new approach to illusion via media theory. Each of the chapters analyses a specific kind of illusionistic practice and the concept of illusionism it entails in a given context, including philosophy, perception and cognitive theory, performance magic, occultism, optics, physiology, early cinema, cartomancy, spiritualism, architecture, shamanic rituals, and theoretical physics, to show the diversity of shapes that illusionism and illusions can take. The book provides detailed analyses of illusions within performance and ritual magic, philosophy, art history and psychology as well as a first approach to the study of illusions outside of these established fields. It aims to find ways of identifying and analysing a wider range of illusions in the humanities. This multidisciplinary and comprehensive volume will appeal to scholars and students with an interest in media and culture, theatre and performance, philosophy, sociology, politics and religion. This publication was supported by the Internationales Kolleg für Kulturtechnikforschung und Medienphilosophie of the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar with funds from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. IKKM Books Volume 47 An overview of the whole series can be found at www.ikkm-weimar.de/schriften Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 license https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003188278-8/vanishing-lady-railway-illusions-movement-1-katharina-rein?context=ubx&refId=fe124e6e-8290-43e9-9d48-753bad162c50 Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003188278-13/talking-rocks-illusory-sounds-projections-otherworld-julia-shpinitskaya-riitta-rainio?context=ubx&refId=3aa829a8-8c0b-4103-870a-6fe5a4393e71
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 100048114X
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 239
Book Description
This volume explores illusionism as a much larger phenomenon than optical illusion, magic shows, or special effects, as a vital part of how we perceive, process, and shape the world in which we live. Considering different cultural practices characterized by illusionism, this book suggests a new approach to illusion via media theory. Each of the chapters analyses a specific kind of illusionistic practice and the concept of illusionism it entails in a given context, including philosophy, perception and cognitive theory, performance magic, occultism, optics, physiology, early cinema, cartomancy, spiritualism, architecture, shamanic rituals, and theoretical physics, to show the diversity of shapes that illusionism and illusions can take. The book provides detailed analyses of illusions within performance and ritual magic, philosophy, art history and psychology as well as a first approach to the study of illusions outside of these established fields. It aims to find ways of identifying and analysing a wider range of illusions in the humanities. This multidisciplinary and comprehensive volume will appeal to scholars and students with an interest in media and culture, theatre and performance, philosophy, sociology, politics and religion. This publication was supported by the Internationales Kolleg für Kulturtechnikforschung und Medienphilosophie of the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar with funds from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. IKKM Books Volume 47 An overview of the whole series can be found at www.ikkm-weimar.de/schriften Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 license https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003188278-8/vanishing-lady-railway-illusions-movement-1-katharina-rein?context=ubx&refId=fe124e6e-8290-43e9-9d48-753bad162c50 Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003188278-13/talking-rocks-illusory-sounds-projections-otherworld-julia-shpinitskaya-riitta-rainio?context=ubx&refId=3aa829a8-8c0b-4103-870a-6fe5a4393e71
On Screen and Off
Author: Anne Berg
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812298411
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Book Description
On Screen and Off shows that the making of Nazism was a local affair and the Nazi city a product of more than models and plans emanating from Berlin. In Hamburg, film was key in turning this self-styled "Gateway to the World" into a "Nazi city." The Nazi regime imagined film as a powerful tool to shape National Socialist subjects. In Hamburg, those very subjects chanced upon film culture as a seemingly apolitical opportunity to articulate their own ideas about how Nazism ought to work. Tracing discourses around film production and film consumption in the city, On Screen and Off illustrates how Nazi ideology was envisaged, imagined, experienced, and occasionally even fought over. Local authorities in Hamburg, from the governor Karl Kaufmann to youth wardens and members of the Hamburg Film Club, used debates over cinema to define the reach and practice of National Socialism in the city. Film thus engendered a political space in which local activists, welfare workers, cultural experts, and administrators asserted their views about the current state of affairs, articulated criticism and praise, performed their commitment to the regime, and policed the boundaries of the Volksgemeinschaft. Of all the championed "people's products," film alone extended the promise of economic prosperity and cultural preeminence into the war years and beyond the city's destruction. From the ascension of the Nazi regime through the smoldering rubble, going to the movies grounded normalcy in the midst of rupture.
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812298411
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Book Description
On Screen and Off shows that the making of Nazism was a local affair and the Nazi city a product of more than models and plans emanating from Berlin. In Hamburg, film was key in turning this self-styled "Gateway to the World" into a "Nazi city." The Nazi regime imagined film as a powerful tool to shape National Socialist subjects. In Hamburg, those very subjects chanced upon film culture as a seemingly apolitical opportunity to articulate their own ideas about how Nazism ought to work. Tracing discourses around film production and film consumption in the city, On Screen and Off illustrates how Nazi ideology was envisaged, imagined, experienced, and occasionally even fought over. Local authorities in Hamburg, from the governor Karl Kaufmann to youth wardens and members of the Hamburg Film Club, used debates over cinema to define the reach and practice of National Socialism in the city. Film thus engendered a political space in which local activists, welfare workers, cultural experts, and administrators asserted their views about the current state of affairs, articulated criticism and praise, performed their commitment to the regime, and policed the boundaries of the Volksgemeinschaft. Of all the championed "people's products," film alone extended the promise of economic prosperity and cultural preeminence into the war years and beyond the city's destruction. From the ascension of the Nazi regime through the smoldering rubble, going to the movies grounded normalcy in the midst of rupture.
Kidz: Gospel Illusions
Author: Randy Burtis
Publisher: Tyndale House Publishers
ISBN: 1628628162
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117
Book Description
With step-by-step instructions (that include photos and scripts!), Gospel Illusions makes it easy for ANYONE to add object lessons and illusions to children''s ministries, Sunday School classes, homeschool curriculum, and more. It features over 35 illusions that are sure to make your kids go--WOW! But more importantly, they will help share the Word of God in a creative and memorable way. Have you ever tried an object lesson and found yourself wondering, Am I doing this right? Most object lesson books are hard to follow since they don''t include photos! Imagine having one that does! Gospel Illusions: Object Lessons You Can Do Includes: Step-by-step instructions for over 35 illusions Photos showing how to do each major step Scripts on what to say Discussion questions to help kids apply key lessons to their lives Whether you are new to illusions or a pro, you''ll find new object lessons to use! You don''t need to practice for hours, crossing your fingers that it will hopefully work. These illusions are quick, easy, and typically require less than 10-15 minutes of practice. Plus, each illusion has a one- to five-star rating for difficulty, so you can conveniently find the right one for your skill (and comfort) level. Unlike other object lesson books, Gospel Illusions: Object Lessons You Can Do uses everyday items that are around your house, saving you time and money. Please note: Illusions are not your average object lesson. They include a Sha-Bam! moment that the kids didn''t see coming, capturing their attention and helping them remember key truths! Softcover, fully reproducible, ages 5-12, 288 pages, 8 3/8 x 11 inches, ISBN 9781628628166. 7 Key Features of This Easy-to-Do Object Lesson Book for Sunday School Step-by-Step Instructions & Process Photos. There are lots of great object lesson books out there, but not all of them SHOW you how the lesson should look. Enjoy having process photos AND detailed instructions for every step to guide you through each illusion easily! Scripts. Comes with scripted dialogue cues on how to explain the significance and lesson behind each illusion. Discussion Questions. Includes relevant reflection questions for each illusion to help kids apply key truths to their lives. Unique Categorization. Wonder which object lessons are safest to try first? No need to wonder. Gospel Illusions'' star rating icons help you find one for your skill level. Anyone Can Do These! From volunteers to teen teaching assistants, these object lessons are simple and easy to follow, using step-by-step instructions and household materials. Age-Appropriate. Save time and money when you have ONE object lesson book for grades K-8! Simple enough for kindergarteners to understand and engaging to pre-teens, these object lessons will wow and astound just about any kid! Expert Advice. Written by experienced children''s pastor and professional illusionist Randy Burtis, Gospel Illusions is packed with fully scripted, easy-to-do object lessons and optic illusions. About the Series Instant Bible Lessons series offers a variety of Bible lessons to help kids grow closer to God in a hands-on way, using interactive activities. Age-appropriate, fully reproducible, and flexible, these books are packed with everything you need to teach the truths of God to children. The series offers lessons for children ages 2-12. The Instant Bible Lessons Series is a must for church or home use. About the Author Randy Burtis, born and raised in Calgary, Alberta, became a follower of Jesus at age fifteen. Since that time, his heart''s desire has been for children''s ministry. His goal is that each child would know they are loved, valued, and accepted; that teachers would be trained to fulfill their mandate to disciple kids; and that parents would be equipped to love their kids into God''s kingdom. To that end, he has traveled to hundreds of churches, spoken at hundreds of camps, and served as a children''s pastor for twenty-five years. He currently serves in Canada''s largest evangelical church, Centre Street Church, where he oversees kindergarten through fourth-grade children and their families. He is also a professional illusionist, having performed thousands of shows for over twenty-five years. Randy is married and has two daughters who joined his family through adoption.
Publisher: Tyndale House Publishers
ISBN: 1628628162
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117
Book Description
With step-by-step instructions (that include photos and scripts!), Gospel Illusions makes it easy for ANYONE to add object lessons and illusions to children''s ministries, Sunday School classes, homeschool curriculum, and more. It features over 35 illusions that are sure to make your kids go--WOW! But more importantly, they will help share the Word of God in a creative and memorable way. Have you ever tried an object lesson and found yourself wondering, Am I doing this right? Most object lesson books are hard to follow since they don''t include photos! Imagine having one that does! Gospel Illusions: Object Lessons You Can Do Includes: Step-by-step instructions for over 35 illusions Photos showing how to do each major step Scripts on what to say Discussion questions to help kids apply key lessons to their lives Whether you are new to illusions or a pro, you''ll find new object lessons to use! You don''t need to practice for hours, crossing your fingers that it will hopefully work. These illusions are quick, easy, and typically require less than 10-15 minutes of practice. Plus, each illusion has a one- to five-star rating for difficulty, so you can conveniently find the right one for your skill (and comfort) level. Unlike other object lesson books, Gospel Illusions: Object Lessons You Can Do uses everyday items that are around your house, saving you time and money. Please note: Illusions are not your average object lesson. They include a Sha-Bam! moment that the kids didn''t see coming, capturing their attention and helping them remember key truths! Softcover, fully reproducible, ages 5-12, 288 pages, 8 3/8 x 11 inches, ISBN 9781628628166. 7 Key Features of This Easy-to-Do Object Lesson Book for Sunday School Step-by-Step Instructions & Process Photos. There are lots of great object lesson books out there, but not all of them SHOW you how the lesson should look. Enjoy having process photos AND detailed instructions for every step to guide you through each illusion easily! Scripts. Comes with scripted dialogue cues on how to explain the significance and lesson behind each illusion. Discussion Questions. Includes relevant reflection questions for each illusion to help kids apply key truths to their lives. Unique Categorization. Wonder which object lessons are safest to try first? No need to wonder. Gospel Illusions'' star rating icons help you find one for your skill level. Anyone Can Do These! From volunteers to teen teaching assistants, these object lessons are simple and easy to follow, using step-by-step instructions and household materials. Age-Appropriate. Save time and money when you have ONE object lesson book for grades K-8! Simple enough for kindergarteners to understand and engaging to pre-teens, these object lessons will wow and astound just about any kid! Expert Advice. Written by experienced children''s pastor and professional illusionist Randy Burtis, Gospel Illusions is packed with fully scripted, easy-to-do object lessons and optic illusions. About the Series Instant Bible Lessons series offers a variety of Bible lessons to help kids grow closer to God in a hands-on way, using interactive activities. Age-appropriate, fully reproducible, and flexible, these books are packed with everything you need to teach the truths of God to children. The series offers lessons for children ages 2-12. The Instant Bible Lessons Series is a must for church or home use. About the Author Randy Burtis, born and raised in Calgary, Alberta, became a follower of Jesus at age fifteen. Since that time, his heart''s desire has been for children''s ministry. His goal is that each child would know they are loved, valued, and accepted; that teachers would be trained to fulfill their mandate to disciple kids; and that parents would be equipped to love their kids into God''s kingdom. To that end, he has traveled to hundreds of churches, spoken at hundreds of camps, and served as a children''s pastor for twenty-five years. He currently serves in Canada''s largest evangelical church, Centre Street Church, where he oversees kindergarten through fourth-grade children and their families. He is also a professional illusionist, having performed thousands of shows for over twenty-five years. Randy is married and has two daughters who joined his family through adoption.
Political Visions & Illusions
Author: David T. Koyzis
Publisher: InterVarsity Press
ISBN: 083087206X
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 339
Book Description
In this freshly updated, comprehensive study, political scientist David Koyzis surveys the key political ideologies of our era, unpacking the worldview issues inherent to each and pointing out essential strengths and weaknesses. Writing with broad international perspective, Koyzis is a sensible guide for Christians working in the public square, culture watchers, and all students of modern political thought.
Publisher: InterVarsity Press
ISBN: 083087206X
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 339
Book Description
In this freshly updated, comprehensive study, political scientist David Koyzis surveys the key political ideologies of our era, unpacking the worldview issues inherent to each and pointing out essential strengths and weaknesses. Writing with broad international perspective, Koyzis is a sensible guide for Christians working in the public square, culture watchers, and all students of modern political thought.
No Place Like Home
Author: Johannes von Moltke
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520244117
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
Charting the development of the 'Heimatfilm', Johannes von Moltke focuses on its heyday in the 1950s. Questions of what it could mean to call the German nation 'home' after World War II are present in these films and Moltke uses them as a lens to view contemporary discourses on German national identity.
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520244117
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
Charting the development of the 'Heimatfilm', Johannes von Moltke focuses on its heyday in the 1950s. Questions of what it could mean to call the German nation 'home' after World War II are present in these films and Moltke uses them as a lens to view contemporary discourses on German national identity.
A Critical History of German Film
Author: Stephen Brockmann
Publisher: Camden House
ISBN: 1571134689
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 534
Book Description
A history of German film dealing with individual films as works of art has long been needed. Existing histories tend to treat cinema as an economic rather than an aesthetic phenomenon; earlier surveys that do engage with individual films do not include films of recent decades. This book treats representative films from the beginnings of German film to the present. Providing historical context through an introduction and interchapters preceding the treatments of each era's films, the volume is suitable for semester- or year-long survey courses and for anyone with an interest in German cinema. The films: The Student of Prague - The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari - The Last Laugh - Metropolis - The Blue Angel - M - Triumph of the Will - The Great Love - The Murderers Are among Us - Sun Seekers - Trace of Stones - The Legend of Paul and Paula - Solo Sunny - The Bridge - Young T rless - Aguirre, The Wrath of God - Germany in Autumn - The Marriage of Maria Braun - The Tin Drum - Marianne and Juliane - Wings of Desire - Maybe, Maybe Not - Rossini - Run Lola Run - Good Bye Lenin - Head On - The Lives of Others Stephen Brockmann is Professor of German at Carnegie Mellon University and past President of the German Studies Assocation.
Publisher: Camden House
ISBN: 1571134689
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 534
Book Description
A history of German film dealing with individual films as works of art has long been needed. Existing histories tend to treat cinema as an economic rather than an aesthetic phenomenon; earlier surveys that do engage with individual films do not include films of recent decades. This book treats representative films from the beginnings of German film to the present. Providing historical context through an introduction and interchapters preceding the treatments of each era's films, the volume is suitable for semester- or year-long survey courses and for anyone with an interest in German cinema. The films: The Student of Prague - The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari - The Last Laugh - Metropolis - The Blue Angel - M - Triumph of the Will - The Great Love - The Murderers Are among Us - Sun Seekers - Trace of Stones - The Legend of Paul and Paula - Solo Sunny - The Bridge - Young T rless - Aguirre, The Wrath of God - Germany in Autumn - The Marriage of Maria Braun - The Tin Drum - Marianne and Juliane - Wings of Desire - Maybe, Maybe Not - Rossini - Run Lola Run - Good Bye Lenin - Head On - The Lives of Others Stephen Brockmann is Professor of German at Carnegie Mellon University and past President of the German Studies Assocation.
The Queer German Cinema
Author: Alice A. Kuzniar
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804739955
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 332
Book Description
On German homosexual cinema
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804739955
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 332
Book Description
On German homosexual cinema
Signs of the Signs
Author: William Brevda
Publisher: Bucknell University Press
ISBN: 1611480434
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 435
Book Description
This book is a study of signs in American literature and culture. It is mainly about electric signs, but also deals with non-electric signs and related phenomena, such as movie sets. The 'sign' is considered in both the architectural and semiotic senses of the word. It is argued that the drama and spectacle of the electric sign called attention to the semiotic implications of the 'sign.' In fiction, poetry, and commentary, the electric SIGN became a 'sign' of manifold meanings that this book explores: a sign of the city, a sign of America, a sign of the twentieth century, a sign of modernism, a sign of postmodernism, a sign of noir, a sign of naturalism, a sign of the beats, a sign of signs systems (the Bible to Broadway), a sign of tropes (the Great White way to the neon jungle), a sign of the writers themselves, a sign of the sign itself. If Moby Dick is the great American novel, then it is also the great American novel about signs, as the prologue maintains. The chapters that follow demonstrate that the sign is indeed a 'sign' of American literature. After the electric sign was invented, it influenced Stephen Crane to become a nightlight impressionist and Theodore Dreiser to make the 'fire sign' his metaphor for the city. An actual Broadway sign might have inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. In Manhattan Transfer and U.S.A., John Dos Passos portrayed America as just a spectacular sign. William Faulkner's electric signs are full of sound and fury signifying modernity. The Last Tycoon was a sign of Fitzgerald's decline. The signs of noir can be traced to Poe's 'The Man of the Crowd.' Absence flickers in the neons of Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles. The death of God haunts the neon wilderness of Nelson Algren. Hitler's 'empire' was an non-intentional parody of Nathanael West's California. The beats reinvented Times Square in their own image. Jack Kerouac's search for the center of Saturday night was a quest for transcendence. This book will interest readers who want to learn more about the city, the history of advertising, electric lighting, nightlife, architecture, and semiotics. In contrast to other cultural studies, however, Signs of the Signs is primarily a work of literary criticism. Lovers of literary light will appreciate this book the most.
Publisher: Bucknell University Press
ISBN: 1611480434
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 435
Book Description
This book is a study of signs in American literature and culture. It is mainly about electric signs, but also deals with non-electric signs and related phenomena, such as movie sets. The 'sign' is considered in both the architectural and semiotic senses of the word. It is argued that the drama and spectacle of the electric sign called attention to the semiotic implications of the 'sign.' In fiction, poetry, and commentary, the electric SIGN became a 'sign' of manifold meanings that this book explores: a sign of the city, a sign of America, a sign of the twentieth century, a sign of modernism, a sign of postmodernism, a sign of noir, a sign of naturalism, a sign of the beats, a sign of signs systems (the Bible to Broadway), a sign of tropes (the Great White way to the neon jungle), a sign of the writers themselves, a sign of the sign itself. If Moby Dick is the great American novel, then it is also the great American novel about signs, as the prologue maintains. The chapters that follow demonstrate that the sign is indeed a 'sign' of American literature. After the electric sign was invented, it influenced Stephen Crane to become a nightlight impressionist and Theodore Dreiser to make the 'fire sign' his metaphor for the city. An actual Broadway sign might have inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. In Manhattan Transfer and U.S.A., John Dos Passos portrayed America as just a spectacular sign. William Faulkner's electric signs are full of sound and fury signifying modernity. The Last Tycoon was a sign of Fitzgerald's decline. The signs of noir can be traced to Poe's 'The Man of the Crowd.' Absence flickers in the neons of Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles. The death of God haunts the neon wilderness of Nelson Algren. Hitler's 'empire' was an non-intentional parody of Nathanael West's California. The beats reinvented Times Square in their own image. Jack Kerouac's search for the center of Saturday night was a quest for transcendence. This book will interest readers who want to learn more about the city, the history of advertising, electric lighting, nightlife, architecture, and semiotics. In contrast to other cultural studies, however, Signs of the Signs is primarily a work of literary criticism. Lovers of literary light will appreciate this book the most.