Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Cows Fed on Bypass Fat Supplemented Ration PDF Download
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Author: Nitin Tyagi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Nitin Tyagi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Marcel Frajblat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Author: J. N. Wiltbank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Author: Tamene Bayisa
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668660549
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Veterinary medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, language: English, abstract: Objective of this review is focus on effect of feeding protected fat and protected protein on milk yield and its composition and how these nutrients are protected. Many researchers in this review investigate that the responses are highly dependent on the type of fat and protein supplement and the stage of lactation. A higher milk response was observed with saturated than with unsaturated fat supplements. Diet with added fat increase milk production compared with a control diet without added fat in cows. Feeding of bypass fat resulted in significant increase in milk yield and Fat Corrected Milk yield particularly in early lactation. The source of Protected fat are (origin (animal, plant, processed or whole oilseeds, calcium salts) and Cereal Grains such as corn, wheat, Barly, oil seeds, sun flower, cotton seed, soybeans and canola). The supplementation of protected protein in the diets of lactating animals increases the milk yield due to proportionate increase in the supply of amino acids to the host postruminally Milk yield in cows fed protected methionine for the whole experimental period was numerically higher than in cows of the other groups. However, the difference was not statistically significant .At the centeral high land of Ethiopia the Treatment of shredded wheat and barley straw with urea, molasses, salt and water prior to feeding is a technology that should be considered . Cows with excessive body tissue mobilisation at this stage may take up to 20 weeks to regain a positive energy balance status. Key words milk yield, composition ,protected fat , protein protected
Author: Amy Mowrey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Historically speaking, fertility has decreased and milk yield has increased in modern dairy cows. This has led to a large amount of research focusing on increasing pregnancy rate in lactating cows. Some believe that an increase in nutrients fed to early lactation dairy cows is required for high milk production and reproductive function. To test this hypothesis researchers have tried to increase the energy density of the diet or to feed different types of fat (an energy dense nutrient). Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of type and amount of fat fed to lactating dairy cows on fermentation, production and reproductive function. The first experiment compared a control diet (no supplemental fat) to type of raw soybean (cracked or ground) and a rumen inert fat source. Each diet was fed to four rumen-cannulated midlactation dairy cows. The only fermentation parameter affected by diet was the solids passage rate, which decreased for the cracked soybean diet. Reproductive parameters were unchanged by dietary treatments. The second set of experiments tested these diets and others for a longer period of time using more animals. One hundred and fifty-two early lactation dairy cows were fed different levels of fat in a study completed over two years (Year One (Y1) n 84; Year Two (Y2) n = 68). Year One cows were fed a control diet, one with added soybeans, or one containing a rumen-inert fat product. Pretreatment and experimental milk yield were significantly higher for cows fed the control and soybean diets. This was due to random assignment of lower BW cows to the treatment containing the rumen inert fat product. We concluded that no difference due to treatment occurred but instead the difference was due to BW differences. During Y2 cows were fed a control diet or three diets increasing in soybean content. Milk protein percentage decreased as soybeans were added to the diet. Other production parameters were similar across treatments. Plasma cholesterol at week 10 of lactation and amount of total fatty acids in plasma increased with increasing soybean content. Number of estrous cycles for cows fed the lowest soybean diet during Y2 was the only significant change in the reproductive parameters measured for both years. In summary, early lactation dairy cows maintained intake and milk production levels similar to control cows when fed supplemental fat, after taking BW into account. Small changes were noted in plasma fatty acid content and cholesterol during Y2, but these increases were not translated into increases in progesterone concentration or changes in reproductive efficiency or function.
Author: Jillian Marie Havlin
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321608830
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Fat metabolism in dairy cows is highly variable over the course of lactation as well as among cows at a similar stage of lactation. Manipulating the ration of dairy cows is a useful tool for modifying fat metabolism, particularly how cows partition fat for milk fat synthesis versus storage as an energy source. Transition cows (i.e., cows approaching calving and beginning to lactate) experiences a negative energy balance (NEB), making them highly susceptible to a large range of post-partum health problems (e.g. ketosis, fatty liver, displaced abomasum) and reduced milk production. Therefore ability to abate severe NEB in transition cows through nutritional modifications would be a very efficacious. Ruminally-protected niacin (RPNi) is a lipolytic B-vitamin that may be able to block lipolysis during severe NEB, thereby reducing the incidence of ketosis and other post-partum diseases. To evaluate effects of feeding RPNi to post-partum cows, 997 fresh cows (i.e., cows between 1 and 28 days in milk (DIM)) were fed niacin, in the form of nicotinic acids (NA) for the first 14 to 28 DIM at one of 4 treatment levels (0, 3.5, 7, 14 g NA/cow/d). After 28 DIM cows were moved from fresh pens to early lactation pens where they remained until 150 DIM, and no RPNi was fed. At the lower dose of RPNi (i.e., 3.5 g NA) cows experienced an improvement in milk (P=0.10), fat (P=0.11), and energy yield (P=0.07) while on treatment, but when RPNi was removed from the ration milk (P=0.04), fat (P=0.10) and energy yields (P=0.06) decreased, compared to Control cows. Cows treated with low dose RPNi experienced a 16.3% decrease in prevalence of ketosis (P=0.06) and a 2.2 kg increase in dry matter (DM) intake (P=0.07) during the fresh period. The BCS of cows did not differ during the fresh period. Although the BCS of low dose RPNi cows decreased more (P=0.01) after moving to the high cow pen, BCS did not differ at 138 DIM. Conversely, cows treated with the higher dose PRNi (i.e., 14 g NA) experienced a decrease in milk (P=0.10), fat (P=0.11), and energy yields (P=0.07) while on treatment, but when RPNi treatment ended milk (P=0.04), fat (P=0.10), and milk energy (P=0.06) increased, with eventual convergence with Control cows. The high dose of RPNi did not affect ketosis prevalence, DM intake or BCS in the fresh pen. While Control cows began to regain BCS at the third sampling, high dose RPNi cows continued to lose BCS over the third (P=0.04) and fourth (P=0.10) BCS sampling in the high pens. The absence of change in BCS and blood NEFA levels indicates that the low dose of RPNi did not reduce lipolysis in adipose, but did aid in shifting the metabolism of NEFA away from ketogenesis towards the more efficient tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby reducing ketosis and increasing milk production yields. It is likely that high level RPNi feeding initially blocked lipolysis, but to an extent that cows were pushed in to very severe NEB, resulting in the decreased DM intake and maintained high ketosis prevalence. As feeding RPNi at any level had minimal effect on BCS and no effect on prevalence of NEB, no change in fertility parameters was as expected. After cows traverse the fresh pen, and progress through lactation, the metabolic focus shifts towards increasing and maintaining high productivity. One of the most common ways to improve milk production is by feeding fat to improve the NE density of the ration. Although not all dietary lipids have the same effects on fat utilization in the cow, particularly milk production and fat storage, two of the key components of dietary fat that have the greatest effect are the fat level of the ration and its saturation. To examine how these two parameters effect milk production metabolism, especially milk fat yield and BCS, three rations were fed to early lactation cows: A low fat control ration (LFC), and two isocaloric "high fat" rations, where one was high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from corn oil (HFU), and the second was high in saturated fat due to inclusion of a rumen-inert Ca-salt of fatty acids (HFS). Cows fed the HFS ration had increased milk, fat, protein, and milk energy yields (P
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Author: Michael I. Gurr
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405172703
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Since the publication of the first edition of this successful and popular book in 1970, the subject of lipid biochemistry has evolved greatly and this fifth up-to-date and comprehensive edition includes much new and exciting information. Lipid Biochemistry, fifth edition has been largely re-written in a user-friendly way, with chapters containing special interest topic boxes, summary points and lists of suggested reading, further enhancing the accessibility and readability of this excellent text. Contents include abbreviations and definitions used in the study of lipids, routine analytical methods, fatty acid structure and metabolism, dietary lipids and lipids as energy stores, lipid transport, lipids in cellular structures and the metabolism of structural lipids. The book provides a most comprehensive treatment of the subject, making it essential reading for all those working with or studying lipids. Upper level students of biochemistry, biology, clinical subjects, nutrition and food science will find the contents of this book invaluable as a study aid, as will postgraduates specializing in the topics covered in the book. Professionals working in research in academia and industry, including personnel involved in food and nutrition research, new product formulation, special diet formulation (including nutraceuticals and functional foods) and other clinical aspects will find a vast wealth of information within the book's pages. Michael Gurr was a Visiting Professor in Human Nutrition at the University of Reading, UK and at Oxford Brookes University, UK. John Harwood is a Professor of Biochemistry at the School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK. Keith Frayn is a Professor of Human Metabolism at the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK.
Author: Helaine Joy Burstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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