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Author: Taimur Rahman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789975339629
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Military spending is not considered a productive activity that can contribute positively to GDP, however It effect indirectly through degreasing the risk and provide stability, moreover since its considered a major expenditure in many countries, it could indirectly affect the economy by increasing income level as well as production of military goods and service. This study explored the fact whether economy grows with the rise of military spending or vice versa. The research work comprises of various independent variables including military spending, and explored their effect of on economic growth and per capita income over 85 countries for the last 20 years i.e. from 1998 to 2017. Models suggested that the impact of defense expenditure (DE) on economic growth is negative since left less money to invest in other areas like infrastructure, health, education and production of routine goods. One notable change depicted in the interaction effect of military spending and arms exports, it have a positive and significant effect, showing a positive complementarities between the two. This shows that military spending itself have a negative effect but if it is complemented by arms exports, that spending turns favorablefor GDP in both the models. Hence in most refined model, it is clearly evident that arms exports were not only good for GDP level and growth, but it would also make the military spending infavorable to economy. Hence, results imply that for developed countries, military spending in the presence of arms export is an effective foreign policy tool to securing economic growth and maintaing political stability and strong rule of law.
Author: Taimur Rahman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789975339629
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Get Book
Book Description
Military spending is not considered a productive activity that can contribute positively to GDP, however It effect indirectly through degreasing the risk and provide stability, moreover since its considered a major expenditure in many countries, it could indirectly affect the economy by increasing income level as well as production of military goods and service. This study explored the fact whether economy grows with the rise of military spending or vice versa. The research work comprises of various independent variables including military spending, and explored their effect of on economic growth and per capita income over 85 countries for the last 20 years i.e. from 1998 to 2017. Models suggested that the impact of defense expenditure (DE) on economic growth is negative since left less money to invest in other areas like infrastructure, health, education and production of routine goods. One notable change depicted in the interaction effect of military spending and arms exports, it have a positive and significant effect, showing a positive complementarities between the two. This shows that military spending itself have a negative effect but if it is complemented by arms exports, that spending turns favorablefor GDP in both the models. Hence in most refined model, it is clearly evident that arms exports were not only good for GDP level and growth, but it would also make the military spending infavorable to economy. Hence, results imply that for developed countries, military spending in the presence of arms export is an effective foreign policy tool to securing economic growth and maintaing political stability and strong rule of law.
Author: J. Brauer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230501257
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
After marked reductions in military spending in the 1990s military budgets around the world are on the increase. In this book, renowned authorities re-examine the economics of military expenditure, arms production and arms trade in developing nations. It includes analysis of military spending in Africa, Asia and Latin America and new forms of civil conflict as well as nine case studies (Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Mozambique, Angola, Subsaharan Africa, Greece, Turkey, Guatemala and Chile). The book will serve as a valuable contribution to the fields of both development economics and security studies.
Author: Christian Schmidt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349089192
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
Author: James E. Payne
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429695675
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
This book examines the impact defense spending has on economic growth. While defense spending was not deliberately invented as a fiscal policy instrument, its importance in the composition of overall government spending and thus in determining employment is now easily recognized. In light of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequent reduction in the threat to the security of the United States, maintaining defense spending at the old level seems indefensible. The media has concentrated on the so-called peace dividend. However, as soon as the federal government is faced with defense cuts, it realizes the macroeconomic ramifications of such a step. Based on studies included in this volume, we examine the effects of defense spending on economic growth and investigate how the changed world political climate is likely to alter the importance and pattern of defense spending both for developed and developing countries.
Author: Hugh G. Mosley
Publisher: Free Press
ISBN:
Category : Arms race
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Author: World Bank
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Author: Robert E Looney
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 134909658X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Author: Robert Beeres
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9462654719
Category : Administrative law
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
This is an open access volume of the NL ARMS offers an interdisciplinary view on the domain of Compliance and Integrity in International Military Trade (CIIMT), integrating defence economics, international law, arms export control frameworks and policies, information management, organizational sciences and ethics. Although, in academia, and from an interdisciplinary perspective, CIIMT constitutes a relatively novel research domain, across private and public defence-related sectors, the subject evokes high levels of attention and interest, instigating a need for critical thinking, reflection and creativity to address ensuing multi-faceted issues and problems. The Faculty of Military Sciences at the Netherlands Defence Academy extends an in-house MSc programme on CIIMT, which, by integrating practice-based and scientific-based knowledge, aims to contribute to this need. The MSc programme on CIIMT is concerned with exploring, analysing, understanding, explaining, controlling and improving the military dimension in international military trade. More particularly, CIIMT studies managerial questions regarding strategic trade control of military and dual-use goods and services. CIIMT ties in with the Netherlands Defence Academy's vision on scientific education, embedded in the reflective practitioners' paradigm uniting both management and leadership skills needed to decide and operate in high-tension and high-risk knowledge intensive environments. The Faculty of Military Sciences uses the reflective practitioners' paradigm to refer to critical thinking, reflection and Bildung that characterize its thinking doers, the so-called Thinking Soldiers, either at the academic Bachelor's or Master's level. In view of the complexity of the international trade regarding military and dual-use goods and services, the rapid evolvement of strategic trade control and frameworks, and its importance to procurement processes, defence organizations require innovative thinking doers, who, based on an in-depth understanding, from an interdisciplinary perspective can be expected to find - and take responsibility for - creative solutions to problems. NL ARMS 2021 comprises, amongst others, contributions from students and lecturers partaking in this programme. volume of the NL ARMS offers an interdisciplinary view on the domain of Compliance and Integrity in International Military Trade (CIIMT), integrating defence economics, international law, arms export control frameworks and policies, information management, organizational sciences and ethics. Although, in academia, and from an interdisciplinary perspective, CIIMT constitutes a relatively novel research domain, across private and public defence-related sectors, the subject evokes high levels of attention and interest, instigating a need for critical thinking, reflection and creativity to address ensuing multi-faceted issues and problems. The Faculty of Military Sciences at the Netherlands Defence Academy extends an in-house MSc programme on CIIMT, which, by integrating practice-based and scientific-based knowledge, aims to contribute to this need. The MSc programme on CIIMT is concerned with exploring, analysing, understanding, explaining, controlling and improving the military dimension in international military trade. More particularly, CIIMT studies managerial questions regarding strategic trade control of military and dual-use goods and services. CIIMT ties in with the Netherlands Defence Academy's vision on scientific education, embedded in the reflective practitioners' paradigm uniting both management and leadership skills needed to decide and operate in high-tension and high-risk knowledge intensive environments. The Faculty of Military Sciences uses the reflective practitioners' paradigm to refer to critical thinking, reflection and Bildung that characterize its thinking doers, the so-called Thinking Soldiers, either at the academic Bachelor's or Master's level. In view of the complexity of the international trade regarding military and dual-use goods and services, the rapid evolvement of strategic trade control and frameworks, and its importance to procurement processes, defence organizations require innovative thinking doers, who, based on an in-depth understanding, from an interdisciplinary perspective can be expected to find - and take responsibility for - creative solutions to problems. NL ARMS 2021 comprises, amongst others, contributions from students and lecturers partaking in this programme.
Author: Christos Kollias
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317391411
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
This book is an intellectual contribution of policy scientists and researchers from different academic institutions in different parts of the world. The Arab Spring, the rise of ISIS and terrorism ignite the debate on studying conflict and natural resources. Uniquely, the book discusses the sources of the conflicts and the institutions that are managing the conflicts. The natural resources, defense spending, conflict and human welfare are intertwined. In support of the ‘resource curse’ hypothesis, the book shows that an abundance of natural resources, particularly oil, encourages an increase in military spending and lower economic growth. In addition, the good economic and political institutions do reduce the hazard of conflict; and strong political institutions for checks and balances appear to weaken the impact of natural resources on conflicts. The book also examines the relationship between defense and social welfare expenditures – specifically, health and education. Shedding light on the complicated nature of the relationship between defense spending, inequality, and types of political and welfare regimes gives us a deeper understanding of the type of democratic systems that will likely improve social welfare. In studying the political economy of defense spending, the book shows the link between public opinion toward defense spending and voters' support for candidates. The analysis shows that party identification or having a vested interest in defense industries do correlate with a preference for increasing defense spending. This book was published as a special issue of Defence and Peace Economics.
Author: Keith Hartley
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Book Description
This major reference work is a comprehensive critical guide to the large and growing literature on the economics of defence, disarmament and peace. It covers the cost of defence spending and its effects on growth, investment, unemployment, technical change and other aspects of a nation's economic performance. It includes material on the determinants of defence spending namely defence budgets, programme budgeting and procurement policy. It also deals with the economic impact of arms limitation, disarmament and the conversion from military production to products with peaceful uses.
