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Author: V Seshiah
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131232123
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
The pathogenesis of microvascular complications is complex and multifactorial. Yet, hyperglycemia emerges as the most important single cause, which has been proved by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Thus, the importance of protecting the body from hyperglycemia cannot be overstated; the direct and indirect effects on the human vascular tree are the major source of morbidity and mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Generally, the injurious effects of hyperglycemia are separated into macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke) and microvascular complications (diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy). It is important for physicians to understand the relationship between diabetes and vascular disease because the prevalence of diabetes continues to increase in our country, and the clinical requirements for primary and secondary prevention of these complications are also expanding.
Author: V Seshiah
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131232123
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
The pathogenesis of microvascular complications is complex and multifactorial. Yet, hyperglycemia emerges as the most important single cause, which has been proved by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Thus, the importance of protecting the body from hyperglycemia cannot be overstated; the direct and indirect effects on the human vascular tree are the major source of morbidity and mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Generally, the injurious effects of hyperglycemia are separated into macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke) and microvascular complications (diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy). It is important for physicians to understand the relationship between diabetes and vascular disease because the prevalence of diabetes continues to increase in our country, and the clinical requirements for primary and secondary prevention of these complications are also expanding.
Author: Samar Banerjee
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 813123214X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Cell health depends on a steady supply of fuel from glucose and free fatty acids. Both these major fuels are regulated by insulin. Cells in the muscle, liver, and fat need insulin to receive glucose, and hence do not become exposed to high blood glucose levels when the blood sugars are high and insulin levels are low. The lack of insulin slows the movement of glucose into these cells, and probably spares them from damage when blood sugars are high. However, other cells such as those in the brain, nervous system, heart, blood vessels and kidneys pick up glucose directly from the blood without using insulin. These cells, except the brain, are more prone to damage from high blood sugars because they become exposed to high internal levels of glucose. This to quite an extent explains why damage tends to occur in specific organs such as in nerve and kidney cells, and in small blood vessels like those in the eyes. This project on the organ damage in diabetes is an attempt to elaborate on the various factors to be considered in managing these patients, the pointers for early diagnosis and prevention of the same.
Author: Samar Banerjee
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131232204
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Diabetes management, outcomes and prognosis are majorly affected by the lifestyle exercised by the diabetics. Diabetes has significant impact on the different facets of life. These facets tend to get overlooked in the management. The inter-relation of diabetes and marriage, sleep, travel, commute and uneven working hours seem to be trivial part of managing diabetes but are extremely important for a perfect recovery and management of the patient. Patients travelling with diabetes need to consider how to adapt their treatment programs to unfamiliar foods, irregular schedules, and varying amounts of exercise. Diabetes will be involved at every step of married life including vacations, outings, going to the movies, as well as intimate moments. Sleep and diabetes are interconnected. Sleep disorders have a slight but significant impact on diabetes management and it should be focused while attending a diabetic with sleep disorders. Shift workers make a special segment of diabetics, whose glucose monitoring and control need to be tailored in a special manner. With change in circadian rhythm and sleep pattern, diabetes management needs to be adjudged and adjusted. The main risks that arise in driving from having diabetes are hypoglycemia and the long term complications. All these aspects are being thoroughly covered in this book so as to facilitate better management of diabetes.
Author: Samar Banerjee
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131239241
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Critical Issues and Diabetes - ECAB - E-Book
Author: Ambady Ramachandran
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131232174
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
Diabetes is one of the most important non-communicable lifestyle diseases. Diabetes is a multifaceted disorder which possibly influences and impacts body pathophysiology by different mechanisms and in varied ways. Diabetes has a very distinguished impact on cardiovascular system and plays a detrimental role in development of cardiovascular disorders. Metabolic memory is used to describe the impact of exposure to glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and other metabolic disturbances, either as an adverse or a beneficial cell response which determines the later development of vascular complications. Terms such as metabolic imprint, legacy effect, glycemic memory or latent hyperglycemic damage are also used. Diabetes has significant impact on different facets of life. Diabetes has a distinguished but significant impact on development of various cancers. Diabetes has a positive, negative and even neutral impact on pathogenesis and progression of cancer depending upon the tumor site. On the contrary, cancer also has a significant effect on diabetes development and management. These facets tend to get overlooked in the study of diabetes development and management. All these aspects are being thoroughly covered in this project so as to facilitate better management of diabetics.
Author: Rangasamy V. Jayakumar
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131232115
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Diabetes is a chronic disease that is reaching an epidemic proportion in many parts of the world. Despite the high incidence of diabetes, individuals diagnosed with the disorder are only 50%. The main challenge of medical professionals in diagnosing and treating the diabetic patients is the lack of understanding of the disease, which usually leads to problems with treatment compliance and monitoring. There is strong evidence to show that an effective intensive glycemic control reduces various microvascular and neuropathic complications of diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) showed that the intensive glycemic control prevented diabetic complications in type 1 diabetic patients, and the HbA1c levels reduced by 1.5–2.0%. In the UKPDS study, a modest improvement in HbA1c (a difference of 0.9 %) in the intensively treated group than in the control group brought about a 25% reduction in microvascular complications and a 12% reduction in all diabetes related events. There are several methods with differing utilities and limitations existing for monitoring glycemic status in individuals. Diabetes care in India leaves much to be desired and suggested, and there is a need for efforts to increase awareness of both the patients and the doctors for better treatment and monitoring.
Author: O P Yadava
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131231739
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Follow-up of patients after surgery is of utmost importance as results of the surgery heavily depend on the treatment of patient in the follow-up period. A good follow-up and proper treatment also provides protection to the patient from various complications and recurrence of the disease. Therapeutic guidelines and algorithms for treatment of the patients after discharge from the hospitals exist for a number of cardiovascular disorders. Still, follow-up and postdischarge treatment is very often found to be inappropriate and incomplete. This results in many avoidable complications for both the patient as well as the treating clinician. This book is designed to update the readers on follow-up regimens for some of the important cardiovascular surgical procedures. Typical supportive case scenarios are included to exemplify and highlight the various points discussed. Thus it provides an excellent opportunity to widen one’s perspective in this area.
Author: Gita Ganguly Mukherjee
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131232212
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
The insulin resistance syndrome can be defined as insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and their associated co-morbidities. Clinically, the term insulin resistance syndrome describes a constellation of abnormalities such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes/hyperglycemia, and coronary artery disease. Insulin is responsible for glucose uptake into the body cells and tissues. The response of the cells to insulin varies from individual to individual. In some individuals, the tissue response to insulin may be diminished. This means that even with adequate levels of insulin, the glucose uptake into the cells and tissues is not optimal. This results in a compensatory over-secretion of insulin from the pancreas. The persistence of high levels of insulin in the blood or hyperinsulinemia is thought to be responsible for some of the abnormalities associated with this condition. However, the exact causal association of the condition with these disorders and the pathophysiology of their evolution are unclear. The most common underlying mechanism proposed is increased free fatty acids from abdominal fat in individuals with central obesity. This leads to deranged insulin signaling, reduced muscular glucose uptake, increased triglyceride synthesis, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. A genetic basis of the disease as well as several other factors such as tumor necrosis factor-a, adiponectin, leptin, Interleukin-6, and some adipokines have also been implicated. Insulin resistance syndrome is of clinical significance because of its association with potentially debilitating conditions that contribute to long-term morbidity and even mortality of the individual. People with insulin resistance syndrome are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, polycystic ovarian disease, and fatty liver. In this book, we have tried to collate the experiences of the pioneers of this field on the subject and provide the reader a comprehensive view on the topic along with practical management points, which we are sure will benefit the physicians in their clinical practice. The contributors have focused on the condition as is prevalent in our subcontinent and have tried to give an insight on the issues pertaining to the same with a topical flavor.
Author: D S Rana
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 813123195X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Book Description
This book discusses the epidemiology, recognition, screening, and management of the various common systemic diseases that commonly present with renal manifestations like diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, hypertension and renal involvement, liver disease, and dysproteinemias. Diabetic nephropathy remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease across the world. The outlook for patients who have lupus nephritis has improved in the last decade. Kidney disease is common in patients who have advanced liver disease, and creatinine-based methods do not provide an accurate estimation of renal function in this population. Dysproteinemias are associated with protean renal manifestations, and renal disease may be the presenting manifestation. The authors have given a very comprehensive view pertaining to each topic and have given an insight to their own clinical experiences along with the standard guidelines as followed.
Author: Pramod Kumar Garg
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131231887
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is defined as a continuous or recurrent inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive and irreversible morphological changes. It typically causes pain and permanent impairment of pancreatic function. In chronic pancreatitis, areas of focal necrosis are typically associated with perilobular and intralobular fibrosis of the parenchyma, by stone formation in the pancreatic duct, and by the development of pseudocysts. Late in the course of the disease a progressive loss of endocrine and exocrine function occurs. In the past, chronic pancreatitis was considered to be mostly associated with chronic alcohol abuse. During the past 2 decades idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and, moreover, hereditary pancreatitis have been recognized as distinct disease entities. Usually the diagnosis is made by a combination of imaging procedures such as ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and exocrine and endocrine function tests. Therapy is presently restricted to symptom control for the lack of a causal treatment strategy. Thirty to sixty percent of all patients develop disease-associated complications such as persistent pain, strictures of the common bile duct, or pancreatic duct stones that may require either endoscopic or surgical treatment. Chronic pancreatitis is a difficult condition to live with as well as to treat. Optimal care needs to be carried out in a multidisciplinary environment that can address both the physical and psychological aspects of the disease. It is commonly seen in alcohol-dependent individuals, but many other groups of individuals suffer with irreversible inflammatory destruction of the pancreas. Abdominal pain is the predominant feature and pain specialists are an important part of any pancreatic team. Exocrine and endocrine failure are addressed by appropriate nutrition with supplements and insulin, whilst the complications that are seen over time, may require a combination of endoscopic and surgical treatment. This clinical update has been designed to update the readers on the important aspects of CP. The book has stressed upon various aspects of the condition like the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and evaluation along with an insight into the management approach of the patient. Supportive case scenarios have also been incorporated with relevance to the topics covered under the book. Overall, the book presents to the readers an excellent compilation of clinically applicable literature sourced from the most acclaimed physicians in the country.
