MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation PDF Download
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Author: Catherine M. Greene
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319136895
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
The book serves as a comprehensive resource for scientists and clinicians studying the role of non-coding RNAs in inflammation (viral infections, wound inflammation), human inflammatory diseases (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, diabetes) and innate immunity. It provides a universal reference work comprising both basic and specialized information. Given that ncRNAs represent new therapeutic targets, this volume will also be of interest to industrial biomedical researchers and those involved in drug development.
Author: Catherine M. Greene
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319136895
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
The book serves as a comprehensive resource for scientists and clinicians studying the role of non-coding RNAs in inflammation (viral infections, wound inflammation), human inflammatory diseases (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, diabetes) and innate immunity. It provides a universal reference work comprising both basic and specialized information. Given that ncRNAs represent new therapeutic targets, this volume will also be of interest to industrial biomedical researchers and those involved in drug development.
Author: Susan Carpenter
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030920348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
This book brings together what is currently known in terms of basic research in the field of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and builds on this to delve more deeply in the specific roles that lncRNAs are playing during inflammation. The book provides readers with basic knowledge on lncRNAs: from understanding the complexity of the transcriptome, conservation, structure and the tools used to investigate these aspects, to how we use this information to study lncRNAs in a specific biological context. The volume covers the emerging roles of lncRNAs in the initial stages of inflammation as well as their roles in specific inflammatory diseases including arthritis, lupus, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The book also shows the emerging interest in using lncRNAs as a therapeutic target and how this could impact our ability to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases in the future.
Author: Cesar Lopez-Camarillo
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466576774
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Author: Poorani Sivaraman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 19-22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression. They target the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), and sometimes the 5'-UTR, of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and suppress protein translation and/or trigger mRNA degradation. Since their discovery, miRNAs have been implicated in various regulatory pathways and diseases. New miRNAs are constantly being discovered that are yet to be fully characterised or validated. Few miRNAs and their genes have been well studied and characterised. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, whose etiology appears to involve genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The Krissansen laboratory recently obtained evidence for the overexpression of hsa-miR-595 and hsa-miR- 1246 in the sera of patients suffering from severe forms of IBD. It was hypothesized that both miRNAs might be involved in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function of the intestine, and/or in immune regulation. There is a lack of information in the published literature regarding these miRNAs, their gene features, and their target mRNAs. Research was carried out to study the characteristics of the genes that encode hsa-miR-595 and hsa-miR-1246, to identify potential mRNA targets of these miRNAs, and determine whether the miRNAs are involved in disrupting the tight junctions formed by intestinal epithelial cells. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to identify features of the genes encoding miR-595 and miR-1246 to provide evidence of the authenticity of these miRNAs. The NCBI GenBank database was searched for expressed sequence tags (ESTs) encoding the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the genes to provide evidence that the genes are transcribed. In silico screening of various miRNA target databases for mRNA targets of these miRNAs was carried out. 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assays were developed to determine whether selected targets were authentic. The ability of miR-595 and miR-1246 to inhibit the expression of selected mRNA targets expressed by the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco- 2) cell line was examined. An attempt was made to get Caco-2 cells to form spheroids during 3D cell culture, in order to subsequently use the spheroids to demonstrate disruption of tight junctions by miR-595 and miR-1246. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that both hsa-miR-595 located at chromosome 7q36.3 and hsa-miR-1246 located at chromosome 2q31.1 potentially contain common gene features such as putative promoters, transcription start sites, CpG islands, and polyadenylation signal sites. The hsa-miR-595 gene is intragenic, being located within intron 1 of the protein tyrosine phosphate receptor type 2, N polypeptide (PTPRN2) gene. In contrast, hsa-miR-1246 is intergenic, being located between the metaxin 2 (MTX-2) and nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) genes. Experimental work needs to be carried out to prove whether the predicted gene features identified are involved in the transcription and regulation of these miRNA genes. ESTs encoding each gene were identified in cDNA libraries prepared from a variety of different tissues, indicating that the miR-595 and miR-1246 genes are actively transcribed in different tissues. A literature search revealed that hsa-miR-1246 had been cross-mapped to chromosome 17, being located within the gene encoding the small nuclear RNA RNU2-1. The U2 locus consists of 6 to more than 30 tandem repeats indicating that this locus gives rise to multiple copies of hsa-miR-1246. It is not known whether the elevated levels of hsa-miR- 1246 in the sera of IBD patients arise from overexpression of hsa-miR-1246 on chromosome 2 or chromosome 17, or both. A search of various miRNA target databases indicated that either miR-595 or miR-1246, or both, targeted CDH2, PARD6A, NCAM1, FGFR2, AJAP1, and DYRK1A. MiR-595 had previously been reported to target the tight junction protein PARD6A, causing disruption of the permeability of epithelia, which might be expected to have important implications for IBD. MiR-1246 had previously been reported to target DYRK1A, causing increased expression of the transcription factor NFAT1c that induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and which might be expected to have important implications for IBD. An attempt was made to experimentally validate the above mRNA targets using a 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assay, but the assay was not successful due to technical issues and time constraints. Several attempts were made to form hollow spheroids from Caco-2 cells to mimic the gut wall and lumen, but the spheroids produced were not correctly formed in that they appeared to be deflated. In summary, the experimental approaches tackled were not successful in providing conclusive evidence about the authenticity of the mRNA targets, but will be useful for future validation. In conclusion, the results of the computational analyses and experimental approaches attempted provide a framework, and basis for future investigation of miR-595 and miR-1246, and their mRNA targets. In the future, these miRNAs could be investigated for their utility in diagnosing the severity of IBD. Inhibitors of the miRNAs could be investigated for their ability to prevent or attenuate disease symptoms.
Author: Jaishree Paul
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351679872
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
This book explores the role of miRNA as therapeutic agents, the progress made in this direction and the problems that need to be addressed for miRNA based therapies to become successful. It also discusses the basic biology of miRNA sythesis, regulation, and their role in disease biology.
Author: Takahiro Ochiya
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781627034524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.
Author: Applied Research Applied Research Press
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781519137593
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that bind mRNAs through partial base-pair complementarity with their target genes, resulting in post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. This thematic series delves into the cancer-specific functions of miRNAs and other noncoding RNAs, including lncRNAs, piRNAs, and ceRNAs, as well as RNAi. While many miRNAs have been shown to play a role in various cancers, other noncoding RNAs have only recently been identified to play a role, as well. Proposed and validated functions are discussed with an emphasis on clinical applications.Many recent studies have linked miRNA expression to carcinogenesis and have shown the potential for miRNAs in cancer therapy. Naidu and colleagues review these studies and discuss therapeutic strategies and advances in miRNA delivery. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins play a crucial role in preserving the genomic integrity of germline cells. Additionally, piRNAs and PIWI have been detected in cancers deriving from both germline cells and somatic tissues, correlating with poorer outcomes. Moyano and Stefani review key evidence for the role of piRNAs and PIWI in cancer, how we can discriminate between a 'passenger' vs. a 'driver' role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, and what remaining questions exist. Humphrey and Kasinski report on recently developed CRISPR-Cas platforms for global genome editing and address the therapeutic potential of CRISPR-Cas technology for genome-wide functional studies of disease processes, as well as applications beyond genome editing.Sanchez-Mejias and Tay review recent discoveries that implicate competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), or natural miRNA sponges, in human cancer. The authors explain how identifying ceRNA regulatory networks can aid the development of new approaches to cancer diagnostics and oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Erbes et al. report that the detection of distinct urinary miRNA profiles can be used as innovative biomarkers in breast cancer patients, in which four urinary miRNAs exhibited altered expression in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Balatti and colleagues review the roles of a few key miRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and the potential for identifying new biomarkers and treatment approaches. Loewen et al. discuss how exploiting the role of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in lung cancer cells could potentially diagnose and treat lung cancer.Jackson and colleagues review our current understanding of the functional consequences of miRNA dysregulation in the development of prostate cancer, and the identification of potential miRNA targets as serum biomarkers. Wang and Chen review the recent literature on how circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic tools in various cancers, as well as how miRNAs enable communication between cells within the tumor microenvironment. Kim and Slack highlight a selection of studies published in 2014 that have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of KRAS regulation by miRNAs. Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk reviews how polymorphisms in miRNA-binding sites (miRSNPs) disturb miRNA-mediated regulation associated with risk and prognosis in hematological malignancies.
Author: Hermann O. Handwerker
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1496331931
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 663
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Book Description
The neurobiology and mechanisms discovered in animals often do not translate to patients with a chronic pain condition. To help researchers and clinicians develop and use models that can help translate data from animals into humans, this book presents experimental animal models, with a focus on how they may translate into humans human experimental pain models, including details about pain induction and assessment human surrogate pain models clinical applications of pain models models that may link mechanisms of pain and pruritus Pain Models contains 29 chapters by internationally recognized experts. It is a comprehensive survey of pain models at different levels, and commentaries by clinicians directly address clinical perspectives. This unique book is unprecedented in its content. It's a quick reminder of the hard work needed to investigate the complex issue of pain perception. With the advent of increasingly sensitive noninvasive investigational tools, the authors want readers to know that basic research is still needed to help develop new drugs. This book will enrich anyone who wishes to know all that goes into conducting pain research with a lab-based pain model.
Author: Vijay Nambi
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323548369
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
Get a quick, expert overview of the ways in which biomarkers can be used to assess and guide the management of cardiovascular disease in the clinical setting. This concise, clinically-focused resource by Dr. Vijay Nambi consolidates today's available information on this rapidly changing topic into one convenient resource, making it an ideal, easy-to-digest reference for cardiology practitioners, fellows, and residents. - Covers lab standards and statistical interpretation of biomarkers with a clinical focus. - Discusses relevant conditions such as hypertension and diabetes as key markers of injury and prognosis. - Includes current information on biomarkers to assess and guide the management of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, chest pain, shortness of breath, and more. - Concludes the book with a timely chapter on how biomarkers may guide cardiologists in the future.
Author: James C. Johnson
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781626184428
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book presents current research in the study of new technologies, developments and applications of microRNA and non-coding RNA. Topics include the role of microRNA and short interfering RNAs in plants; microRNAs, major affective disorders and suicidal behavior; microRNA in endoparasites; the functional roles of non-coding RNAs in glioma and their clinical implications; identifying miRNA function in innate immunity; and how multiple IsomiRs and diversity of miRNA sequences unveil evolutionary roles and functional relationships across animals.
