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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Our goal is to understand how microbial behavior influences the mechanical stability of illuminated littoral marine sediments. We define "behavior" as the interaction of bacteria and diatoms with environmental signals that are either auto-produced, or arise from another source. A further goal is to investigate whether these processes, which define sediment optical signatures, can be influenced by anthropogenic intervention. Our objectives are to isolate representative bacteria and diatoms from stabilized sediments and use these organisms in axenic and defined mixed cultures to examine the microbially-driven sediment aggregation process in vitro. The surficial chemistry necessary for adhesion is an important variable in sediment particle colonization by microorganisms. We will measure the influence of this parameter on the adhesion process as well as the possibility for cell/cell interaction in the attached cell layer.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Our goal is to understand how microbial behavior influences the mechanical stability of illuminated littoral marine sediments. We define "behavior" as the interaction of bacteria and diatoms with environmental signals that are either auto-produced, or arise from another source. A further goal is to investigate whether these processes, which define sediment optical signatures, can be influenced by anthropogenic intervention. Our objectives are to isolate representative bacteria and diatoms from stabilized sediments and use these organisms in axenic and defined mixed cultures to examine the microbially-driven sediment aggregation process in vitro. The surficial chemistry necessary for adhesion is an important variable in sediment particle colonization by microorganisms. We will measure the influence of this parameter on the adhesion process as well as the possibility for cell/cell interaction in the attached cell layer.
Author: Ann Marie Moore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Marine sediments
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Author: Robert E. Riding
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662040360
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of microbial sediments, featuring excellent artwork. It contains authoritative and stimulating contributions by distinguished authors that cover the field and set the scene for future advances.
Author: Amy Polaczyk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The sediment to a pH of 12 and maintain for 2 hours. The US EPA asserts that this method is at least 99% effective at reducing organisms in biosolids. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of alkaline stabilization reduces the amount of microorganisms in sediments obtained from a freshwater stream. Measurements of heterotrophic bacteria, total fungi, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms were used to assess the effectiveness of alkaline stabilization of sediments. It was determined that the amount of microorganisms in the sediment after treatment with hydrated lime and lime kiln dust was reduced, but the decrease was not 99% for all the indicator organisms as predicted by the US EPA guidance for biosolids. Heterotrophs, E. coli, and total coliforms were reduced by greater than 99%, but fungi were only reduced 86.5% and the opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus was only reduced by 75%.
Author: Neville Burt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
There is an alarming tendency today to assume that something calculated by a computer must be correct, yet the phrase 'garbage in, garbage out' (gigo) is possibly nowhere more (generally) appropriate than in computer modelling of cohesive sediment behaviour. The behaviour of 'mud' is highly complex and one only needs to look at a sample under a microscope to see why - the variety of particle shapes, not to mention the presence of living organisms, make it a substance with properties virtually unique to its situation which even change with time. For many years most researchers tended to avoid it, preferring to study sand and gravel, but a dedicated few tackled it and found a forum for discussing their work in the first Cohesive Sediments Workshop in Florida in 1980. The workshop met about every three years resulting in publication of some of the most definitive papers on the subject. By 1994 it was time to recognise the extensive research being carried on in Europe by holding the workshop in that region. Intercoh '94 (the 4th Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport Conference) drew together about 100 of the world's leading researchers in the field. The resulting papers, presented in this volume, truly represent the definitive state of the art on the measurement and modelling of mud properties today.
Author: Holger Schmidt
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783942036627
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Carol D. Litchfield
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 9780803105119
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Author: K. Reise
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642565573
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Sedimentary coasts with their unique forms of life and productive ecosystems are one of the most threatened parts of the biosphere. This volume analyzes and compares ecological structures and processes at sandy beaches, tidal mudflats and in shallow coastal waters all around the world. Analyses of local processes are paired with comparisons between distant shores, across latitudinal gradients or between separate biogeographic provinces. Emphasis is given to suspension feeders in coastal mud and sand, to biogenic stabilizations and disturbances in coastal sediments, to seagrass beds and faunal assemblages across latitudes and oceans, to recovery dynamics in benthic communities, shorebird predation, and to experimental approaches to the biota of sedimentary shores.
Author: Jan Dirk van Elsas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824727499
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
In the ten years since the publication of Modern Soil Microbiology, the study of soil microbiology has significantly changed, both in the understanding of the diversity and function of soil microbial communities and in research methods. Ideal for students in a variety of disciplines, this second edition provides a cutting-edge examination of a fascinating discipline that encompasses ecology, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology, and makes use of biochemical and biophysical approaches. The chapters cover topics ranging from the fundamental to the applied and describe the use of advanced methods that have provided a great thrust to the discipline of soil microbiology. Using the latest molecular analyses, they integrate principles of soil microbiology with novel insights into the physiology of soil microorganisms. The authors discuss the soil and rhizosphere as habitats for microorganisms, then go on to describe the different microbial groups, their adaptive responses, and their respective processes in interactive and functional terms. The book highlights a range of applied aspects of soil microbiology, including the nature of disease-suppressive soils, the use of biological control agents, biopesticides and bioremediation agents, and the need for correct statistics and experimentation in the analyses of the data obtained from soil systems.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264324
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
