Methodological and Statistical Advances in the Study of Individual Differences PDF Download
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Author: Cecil R. Reynolds
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468449400
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Differential psychology, or the psychology of individual differences as it is better known, is perhaps the single most important basic psychological science that underlies professional practice in psychology. The recent age of behaviorism all but ignored individual differences, but in this decade the study has emerged from relative dormancy with a new vitality, fueled by new concepts, technologies, statistics, and new viewpoints on old ideas that are moving us forward. This work is intended to be a review of as well as a primer on many of these advances and new approaches to the study of individual differences. The venerable, interesting, and often controversial Eysenck opens the volume with a review of recent results and new techniques for unlocking the physiological basis of what is commonly understood to be intelligence. Eysenck and his students, in his London laboratory, have been fostering advances in this field for more than four decades. Their latest work could be the most exciting of Eysenck's illustrious, scholarly career. Eysenck's eye-opening, innovative work on the relationship between evoked potentials and performance on traditional psychometric measures, presented with a new slant, is certain to attract much attention in coming years. Eysenck and Barrett's chapter is followed by a closely related work by Arthur Jensen, who gives us a revitalizing look at the concepts of Sir Francis Galton, the founder of the psychology of individual differences.
Author: Cecil R. Reynolds
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468449400
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Differential psychology, or the psychology of individual differences as it is better known, is perhaps the single most important basic psychological science that underlies professional practice in psychology. The recent age of behaviorism all but ignored individual differences, but in this decade the study has emerged from relative dormancy with a new vitality, fueled by new concepts, technologies, statistics, and new viewpoints on old ideas that are moving us forward. This work is intended to be a review of as well as a primer on many of these advances and new approaches to the study of individual differences. The venerable, interesting, and often controversial Eysenck opens the volume with a review of recent results and new techniques for unlocking the physiological basis of what is commonly understood to be intelligence. Eysenck and his students, in his London laboratory, have been fostering advances in this field for more than four decades. Their latest work could be the most exciting of Eysenck's illustrious, scholarly career. Eysenck's eye-opening, innovative work on the relationship between evoked potentials and performance on traditional psychometric measures, presented with a new slant, is certain to attract much attention in coming years. Eysenck and Barrett's chapter is followed by a closely related work by Arthur Jensen, who gives us a revitalizing look at the concepts of Sir Francis Galton, the founder of the psychology of individual differences.
Author: Lewis R. Aiken
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113567454X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
This text reviews the mass of information concerning the ways in which individuals and groups differ from each other. Reviews of research findings and interpretations are provided on: physical appearance, performance and health; cognitive abilities; personality; and development across the life span. Extensive treatment of foundations (historical, measurement, research methods, biological, social, and cultural) is also provided. Both normal and abnormal behaviors are considered. The book provides an interdisciplinary focus, including material from all the behavior and natural sciences, not just psychology, sociology, or biology.
Author: Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521596480
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 696
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Book Description
Not since the landmark publication of Handbook of Human Intelligence in 1982 has the field of intelligence been more alive than it is today. Spurred by the new developments in this rapidly expanding field, Dr Sternberg has brought together a stellar list of contributors to provide a comprehensive, broad and deeply thematic review of intelligence that will be accessible to both scholar and student. The field of intelligence is lively on many fronts, and this volume provides full coverage on topics such as behavior-genetic models, evolutionary models, cognitive models, emotional intelligence, practical intelligence, and group difference. Handbook of Intelligence is largely expanded, covering areas such as animal and artificial intelligence, as well as human intelligence. It fully reflects important theoretical progress made since the early 1980s.
Author: Hans Jurgen Eysenck
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521485081
Category : Creative ability
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This text presents a theory of genius and creativity, based on the personality characteristics of creative persons and geniuses. It uses modern research into the causes of cognitive over-inclusiveness to suggest possible applications of these theories to c
Author: Sohan Modgil
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135389217
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
First Published in 1987. During the last thirty years, Arthur Jensen’s brilliant contribution to knowledge has been well-known world-wide. From its early transmission, his work has not been without its critics. Naturally, criticisms persist, although his work continues to be frequently acknowledged with great admiration in the channels of psychology. With such prolific work, it would seem justified to consider the discrepancies, the omissions, together with the various interpretations which have been and are currently being highlighted. No theory or practice in modern psychology has been the object of more stringent attack than mental testing, and among the most severe criticisms is that of cultural bias.
Author: Robert Thompson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475795483
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
This book is the outcome of a decade of research on the neu roanatomical mechanisms of learning in the young laboratory rat. It is essentially a discourse on the functional organization of the brain in relation to problem-solving ability and intelli gence. During the period between 1980 and 1989, well over 1000 weanling albino rats were subjected to localized brain damage (or sham operations in the case of the controls) under deep anesthesia and aseptic surgical conditions, were allowed tore cover, and subsequently were tested on a wide variety of prob lems designed to measure general learning ability. Since vir tually every part of the brain rostral to the medulla has been explored with lesions, it has become possible not only to map a number of "putative" brain systems underlying the acquisition of distinctive problem-solving tasks, but to isolate several neu roanatomical mechanisms that appear to be selectively in volved in the acquisition of particular kinds of goal-directed learned activities. Of particular interest was the discovery of a "nonspecific mechanism" (previously referred to in our re search reports as the "general learning system") inhabiting the interior parts of the brain. One objective of this volume was to make these maps available in a single source. Another was to provide a descrip tion of learning syndromes arising from local lesions to differ ent parts of the brain.
Author: Thomas R. Kratochwill
Publisher: Applying Psychology in the Sch
ISBN: 9781433817519
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Thanks to remarkable methodological and statistical advances in recent years, Single-Case design (SCD) research has become a viable and often essential option for researchers in applied psychology, education, and related fields. This text is a compendium of information and tools for researchers considering SCD research, a methodology in which one or several participants (or other units) comprise a systematically-controlled experimental intervention study. SCD is a highly flexible method of conducting applied intervention research where it is not feasible or practical to collect data from traditional groups of participants. Initial chapters lay out the key components of SCDs, from articulating dependent variables to documenting methods for achieving experimental control and selecting an appropriate design model. Subsequent chapters show when and how to implement SCDs in a variety of contexts and how to analyze and interpret results. Authors emphasize key design and analysis tactics, such as randomization, to help enhance the internal validity and scientific credibility of individual studies. This rich resource also includes in-depth descriptions of large-scale SCD research projects being undertaken at key institutions; practical suggestions from journal editors on how to get SCD research published; and detailed instructions for free, user-friendly, web-based randomization software.
Author: K.B. Madsen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461324874
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
As a follow up to Volume 7, contributors continue to explore the latest developments in developmental psychology. Here, researchers focus on the integration of theory and research and evaluates theoretical progress and advanced research. Continuing with the successful format of previous volumes in Annals of Theoretical Psychology, Volume 10 presents four major contributions--each accompanied by commentaries and replies to commentaries.
Author: Sarah L. Friedman
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483260305
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
The Brain, Cognition, and Education is a collection of papers that deals with cross-disciplinary communication. This book addresses the use of concepts, methodologies, and research results from other experiments in the conduct of finding new knowledge. One paper addresses the relationships among neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and education to arrive at cross-interdisciplinary communication. Other papers discuss attention, the brain, and the control of cognition; one paper notes that selective attention as a cognitive system with its own measurable features can be associated with underlying neural systems. Other authors deal with acquiring, representing, and using knowledge such as language learning, interplay between mind and experience, as well as the neuropsychology of memory. One paper examines infantile amnesia when early life experiences tend to be forgotten. The book then addresses cognitive and neural development, including neural developments before birth covering neurogenesis, cell migration, dendritic maturation, and synaptic development. One author reviews trends and directions in cognitive development and cites the works of Piaget, Simon, and Chomsky. One author presents several models of memory functions, while another author evaluates the possibilities of building bridges between education and the neurosciences. Many psychologists, neuroscientists, phoneticians, philosophers, and linguists will appreciate this book very highly.
Author: S.N. Elliott
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461309050
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 832
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Book Description
What do we know about behavioral analysis and intervention in educational settings? Given that educational institutions were among the first to embrace the new technology of behavior change in the late 1950s and early 1960s, it is apparent that we have had the opportunity to learn a great deal. The evolution of the field of behavior therapy has witnessed a change in the behavior therapist from an adolescent fascination with repeatedly demonstrating the effectiveness of the new technology to a mature recognition of the complex implications of the behav ioral paradigm for individuals, systems, and society. Many "facts" now taken for granted were considered impossibilities a mere two decades ago. In her 1986 presidential address to Division 25 of the American Psychological Association, Beth Sulzer-Azaroff reviewed a number of changes in attitude in education that were strongly influenced by behavior therapy. Most educators now agree that (a) everyone can learn, (b) complex skills can be taught, (c) precise, general, and durable performance can be taught, and (d) barriers to learning can be overcome. In addition, we would add that behavior therapy is being applied to increasingly more complex human problems, such as social skill deficits, internalizing disorders, and dysfunctional systems and organizations.
