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Author: Stephen Burgess
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 146657318X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Presents the Terminology and Methods of Mendelian Randomization for Epidemiological StudiesMendelian randomization uses genetic instrumental variables to make inferences about causal effects based on observational data. It, therefore, can be a reliable way of assessing the causal nature of risk factors, such as biomarkers, for a wide range of disea
Author: Stephen Burgess
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 146657318X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Get Book Here
Book Description
Presents the Terminology and Methods of Mendelian Randomization for Epidemiological StudiesMendelian randomization uses genetic instrumental variables to make inferences about causal effects based on observational data. It, therefore, can be a reliable way of assessing the causal nature of risk factors, such as biomarkers, for a wide range of disea
Author: Stephen Burgess
Publisher: Chapman and Hall/CRC
ISBN: 9781466573178
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Presents the Terminology and Methods of Mendelian Randomization for Epidemiological Studies Mendelian randomization uses genetic instrumental variables to make inferences about causal effects based on observational data. It, therefore, can be a reliable way of assessing the causal nature of risk factors, such as biomarkers, for a wide range of disease outcomes. Mendelian Randomization: Methods for Using Genetic Variants in Causal Estimation provides thorough coverage of the methods and practical elements of Mendelian randomization analysis. It brings together diverse aspects of Mendelian randomization spanning epidemiology, statistics, genetics, and econometrics. Although the book mainly focuses on epidemiology, much of the material can be applied to other areas of research. Through several examples, the first part of the book shows how to perform simple applied Mendelian randomization analyses and interpret their results. The second part addresses specific methodological issues, such as weak instruments, multiple instruments, power calculations, and meta-analysis, relevant to practical applications of Mendelian randomization. In this part, the authors draw on data from the C-reactive protein Coronary heart disease Genetics Collaboration (CCGC) to illustrate the analyses. They present the mathematics in an easy-to-understand way by using nontechnical language and reinforcing key points at the end of each chapter. The last part of the book examines the potential of Mendelian randomization in the future, exploring both methodological and applied developments. This book gives statisticians, epidemiologists, and geneticists the foundation to understand issues concerning the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables. It will get them up to speed in undertaking and interpreting Mendelian randomization analyses. Chapter summaries, paper summaries, web-based applications, and software code for implementing the statistical techniques are available on a supplementary website.
Author: Melinda C. Mills
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262357445
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
A comprehensive introduction to modern applied statistical genetic data analysis, accessible to those without a background in molecular biology or genetics. Human genetic research is now relevant beyond biology, epidemiology, and the medical sciences, with applications in such fields as psychology, psychiatry, statistics, demography, sociology, and economics. With advances in computing power, the availability of data, and new techniques, it is now possible to integrate large-scale molecular genetic information into research across a broad range of topics. This book offers the first comprehensive introduction to modern applied statistical genetic data analysis that covers theory, data preparation, and analysis of molecular genetic data, with hands-on computer exercises. It is accessible to students and researchers in any empirically oriented medical, biological, or social science discipline; a background in molecular biology or genetics is not required. The book first provides foundations for statistical genetic data analysis, including a survey of fundamental concepts, primers on statistics and human evolution, and an introduction to polygenic scores. It then covers the practicalities of working with genetic data, discussing such topics as analytical challenges and data management. Finally, the book presents applications and advanced topics, including polygenic score and gene-environment interaction applications, Mendelian Randomization and instrumental variables, and ethical issues. The software and data used in the book are freely available and can be found on the book's website.
Author: Tyler J. VanderWeele
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199325871
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 729
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Book Description
A comprehensive examination of methods for mediation and interaction, VanderWeele's book is the first to approach this topic from the perspective of causal inference. Numerous software tools are provided, and the text is both accessible and easy to read, with examples drawn from diverse fields. The result is an essential reference for anyone conducting empirical research in the biomedical or social sciences.
Author: Karin B. Michels
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400724950
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
The exploding field of epigenetics is challenging the dogma of traditional Mendelian inheritance. Epigenetics plays an important role in shaping who we are and contributes to our prospects of health and disease. While early epigenetic research focused on plant and animal models and in vitro experiments, population-based epidemiologic studies increasingly incorporate epigenetic components. The relevance of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and histone modification for disease causation has yet to be fully explored.This book covers the basic concepts of epigenetic epidemiology, discusses challenges in study design, analysis, and interpretation, epigenetic laboratory techniques, the influence of age and environmental factors on shaping the epigenome, the role of epigenetics in the developmental origins hypothesis, and provides the state of the art on the epigenetic epidemiology of various health conditions including childhood syndromes, cancer, infectious diseases, inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis. With contributions from: Peter Jones, Jean-Pierre Issa, Gavin Kelsey, Robert Waterland, and many other experts in epigenetics!
Author: Michael P. Hengartner
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030825876
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
This book addresses the over-prescribing of antidepressants in people with mostly mild and subthreshold depression. It outlines the steep increase in antidepressant prescription and critically examines the current scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in depression. The book is not only concerned with the conflicting views as to whether antidepressants are useful or ineffective in various forms of depression, but also aims at detailing how flaws in the conduct and reporting of antidepressant trials have led to an overestimation of benefits and underestimation of harms. The transformation of the diagnostic concept of depression from a rare but serious disorder to an over-inclusive, highly prevalent but predominantly mild and self-limiting disorder is central to the books argument. It maintains that biological reductionism in psychiatry and pharmaceutical marketing reframed depression as a brain disorder, corroborating the overemphasis on drug treatment in both research and practice. Finally, the author goes on to explore how pharmaceutical companies have distorted the scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of antidepressants and how patient advocacy groups, leading academics, and medical organisations with pervasive financial ties to the industry helped to promote systematically biased benefit-harm evaluations, affecting public attitudes towards antidepressants as well as medical education, training, and practice.
Author: Evangelos Evangelou
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781493978670
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This volume details fast-moving research while providing in-depth descriptions of methods and analytical approaches that are helping to understand the genome and how it is related to complex diseases. Chapters guide the reader through common and rare variation, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and state-of-the-art approaches for the synthesis of genome-wide and gene expression data. Novel approaches for associations in the HLA region, family-based designs, Mendelian Randomization and Copy Number Variation are also presented. The volume concludes with the challenges researchers face while moving from identifying variants to their functional role and potential drug targets. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, a thorough presentation of methods and approaches and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Author: Constantine Gatsonis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351659456
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 634
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Book Description
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care (IOM 2009). CER is conducted to develop evidence that will aid patients, clinicians, purchasers, and health policy makers in making informed decisions at both the individual and population levels. CER encompasses a very broad range of types of studies—experimental, observational, prospective, retrospective, and research synthesis. This volume covers the main areas of quantitative methodology for the design and analysis of CER studies. The volume has four major sections—causal inference; clinical trials; research synthesis; and specialized topics. The audience includes CER methodologists, quantitative-trained researchers interested in CER, and graduate students in statistics, epidemiology, and health services and outcomes research. The book assumes a masters-level course in regression analysis and familiarity with clinical research.
Author: Hugh S. Markus
Publisher:
ISBN: 0198515863
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Stroke is a major cause of death and the major cause of adult neurological disability in most of the world. Despite its importance on a population basis, research into the genetics of stroke has lagged behind that of many other disorders. However, the situation is now changing. An increasing number of single gene disorders causing stroke are being described, and there is growing evidence that polygenic factors are important in the risk of apparently "sporadic" stroke. Stroke Genetics provides an up-to-date review of the area, suitable for clinicians treating stroke patients, and both clinical and non-clinical researchers in the field of cerebrovascular disease. The full range of monogenic stroke disorders causing cerebrovascular disease, including ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, are covered. For each, clinical features, diagnosis, and genetics are described. Increasing evidence suggest that genetic factors are also important for the much more common multifactorial stroke; this evidence is reviewed along with the results of genetic studies in this area. Optimal and novel strategies for investigating multifactorial stroke, including the use of intermediate phenotypes such as intima-media thickness and MRI detected small vessel disease are reviewed. The book concludes by describing a practical approach to investigating patients with stroke for underlying genetic disorders. Also included is a list of useful websites.
Author: Una MacLean
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483182991
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
Social and Community Medicine for Students presents an extensive examination of the application of medical sociology to community treatment. It discusses the principles behind the scope and methods of epidemiology. It addresses studies in attitudes and illness. Some of the topics covered in the book are the sick role in Western Societies; sickness behavior in a traditional society; statistics vital to social medicine; geographical pathology of cancer; scope and methods of epidemiology; possibilities and limitations of health education; and health in industry and external disability. The definition and description of social provisions for health and welfare are fully covered. An in-depth account of the common features and development of social medicine are provided. The epidemiology of the cancer of the esophagus is completely presented. A chapter is devoted to description and diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. Another section focuses on the practical applications of social medicine. The book can provide useful information to doctors, students, and researchers.
