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Author: Charles G. Gross
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262571357
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
In these engaging tales describing the growth of knowledge about the brain—from the early Egyptians and Greeks to the Dark Ages and the Renaissance to the present time—Gross attempts to answer the question of how the discipline of neuroscience evolved into its modern incarnation through the twists and turns of history. Charles G. Gross is an experimental neuroscientist who specializes in brain mechanisms in vision. He is also fascinated by the history of his field. In these tales describing the growth of knowledge about the brain from the early Egyptians and Greeks to the present time, he attempts to answer the question of how the discipline of neuroscience evolved into its modern incarnation through the twists and turns of history. The first essay tells the story of the visual cortex, from the first written mention of the brain by the Egyptians, to the philosophical and physiological studies by the Greeks, to the Dark Ages and the Renaissance, and finally, to the modern work of Hubel and Wiesel. The second essay focuses on Leonardo da Vinci's beautiful anatomical work on the brain and the eye: was Leonardo drawing the body observed, the body remembered, the body read about, or his own dissections? The third essay derives from the question of whether there can be a solely theoretical biology or biologist; it highlights the work of Emanuel Swedenborg, the eighteenth-century Swedish mystic who was two hundred years ahead of his time. The fourth essay entails a mystery: how did the largely ignored brain structure called the "hippocampus minor" come to be, and why was it so important in the controversies that swirled about Darwin's theories? The final essay describes the discovery of the visual functions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The author traces both developments to nineteenth-century observations of the effect of temporal and parietal lesions in monkeys—observations that were forgotten and subsequently rediscovered.
Author: Charles G. Gross
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262571357
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Get Book Here
Book Description
In these engaging tales describing the growth of knowledge about the brain—from the early Egyptians and Greeks to the Dark Ages and the Renaissance to the present time—Gross attempts to answer the question of how the discipline of neuroscience evolved into its modern incarnation through the twists and turns of history. Charles G. Gross is an experimental neuroscientist who specializes in brain mechanisms in vision. He is also fascinated by the history of his field. In these tales describing the growth of knowledge about the brain from the early Egyptians and Greeks to the present time, he attempts to answer the question of how the discipline of neuroscience evolved into its modern incarnation through the twists and turns of history. The first essay tells the story of the visual cortex, from the first written mention of the brain by the Egyptians, to the philosophical and physiological studies by the Greeks, to the Dark Ages and the Renaissance, and finally, to the modern work of Hubel and Wiesel. The second essay focuses on Leonardo da Vinci's beautiful anatomical work on the brain and the eye: was Leonardo drawing the body observed, the body remembered, the body read about, or his own dissections? The third essay derives from the question of whether there can be a solely theoretical biology or biologist; it highlights the work of Emanuel Swedenborg, the eighteenth-century Swedish mystic who was two hundred years ahead of his time. The fourth essay entails a mystery: how did the largely ignored brain structure called the "hippocampus minor" come to be, and why was it so important in the controversies that swirled about Darwin's theories? The final essay describes the discovery of the visual functions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The author traces both developments to nineteenth-century observations of the effect of temporal and parietal lesions in monkeys—observations that were forgotten and subsequently rediscovered.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309439981
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 587
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Book Description
The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels.
Author: National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309045290
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Author: Timothy F. Brady
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9781003158134
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
"Featuring contributions from world-leading researchers, this book explores the relationship between visual perception and memory. It bridges the traditionally separate fields of vision science and recognition memory and deals with an interdisciplinary set of perspectives combining research in psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. The book makes new connections between the wealth of research from each respective field, developing the idea that visuospatial memory is our best memory system. This volume traverses topics grounded in both empirical study and real-world applications, including working (short-term) memory, long-term memory, the neuroscience of memory, development of memory over the lifespan, autobiographical memories, false memories, and eyewitness testimony. It argues that an increased knowledge of how visuospatial memory works can lead to an improved understanding of the basic features of memory, as well as providing strategies for memory improvement. The book features cutting edge visual memory research, where converging methods in psychophysics, cognitive neuroscience, and computational modelling have been propelling the field forward. Visual Memory is an essential read for all students and researchers of memory and visual perception. It will also be useful for researchers and students in related fields including human-computer interaction, data visualization, cognitive science, and cognitive enhancement"--
Author: Edwidge Danticat
Publisher: Soho Press
ISBN: 1616955023
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
The 20th anniversary edition of Edwidge Danticat's groundbreaking debut, now an established classic--revised and with a new introduction by the author, and including extensive bonus materials At the age of twelve, Sophie Caco is sent from her impoverished Haitian village to New York to be reunited with a mother she barely remembers. There she discovers secrets that no child should ever know, and a legacy of shame that can be healed only when she returns to Haiti—to the women who first reared her. What ensues is a passionate journey through a landscape charged with the supernatural and scarred by political violence. In her stunning literary debut, Danticat evokes the wonder, terror, and heartache of her native Haiti—and the enduring strength of Haiti’s women—with vibrant imagery and narrative grace that bear witness to her people’s suffering and courage.
Author: Steven J. Luck
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0195305485
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
Vision and memory are two of the most intensively studied topics in psychology and neuroscience. This book provides a state-of-the-art account of visual memory systems. Each chapter is written by an internationally renowned researcher, who has made seminal contributions to the topic.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309310628
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda.
Author: Daniel J. Simons
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780863776120
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
A central goal in the study of object and scene perception is to understand how visual information is integrated across views to provide a stable, continuous experience of our environment. Research on issues ranging from visual masking to priming across saccades to the representation of spatial layout across views has addressed the issue of what information is preserved from one view to the next. Recently, research on visual memory for objects and scenes has led to striking claims about the nature of the information that is and is not preserved from one instant to the next. For example, studies of change blindness have shown that striking changes to objects and scenes can go undetected when they coincide with an eye movement, a flashed blank screen, a blink, or an occlusion event. These studies suggest that relatively little visual information about objects and scenes is combined across views. Despite these failures of change detection, observers somehow manage to experience a stable, continuous visual environment. This special issue seeks to unite recent studies of change blindness with studies of visual integration to better understand the nature of our representations and the richness of our visual memory.
Author: Steven C. Vryhof
Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
ISBN: 9780802849328
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
"By closely examining a variety of Protestant schools, education expert Steven Vryhof uncovers the complexities, subtleties, and nuances of faith-based education that often elude those concerned only with producing higher test scores, a "moral environment," or a competitive workforce. Through candid interviews with parents of children in faith-based schools, Vryhof also answers questions that other interested parents may have about the benefits of faith-based education for their own children."--Jacket.
Author: Keith Rayner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461228522
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Edited by a leading scholar in the field, Eye Movements and Visual Cognitionpresents an up-to-date overview of the topics relevant to understanding the relationship between eye movements and visual cognition, particularly in relation to scene perception and reading. Cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, educational psychologists, and reading specialists will find this volume to be an authoritative source of state-of-the art research in this rapidly expanding area of study.
