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Author: Gordon Blake
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1442633794
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
The Canadian tariff has been a singularly faithful mirror of economic and political change in this country, but it is a glass through which much has been seen darkly. This study is an attempt to improve the view. It traces the administration of the tariff through Canadian history, and provides the first complete treatment of the subject and its significance for the country's commerce. Dr. Blake's work begins with customs administration during the French régime, and follows with the British period---the struggle for responsible government, the problem of smuggling, and the establishment of free ports. The author discusses such early problems as customs union in the Canadas, reciprocity and the Galt tariff, and ad valorem duties and their administrative consequences. Confederation and its effect on customs administration are analysed, as are the tariff schedule up to modern times, valuation and the effects of war, and the system and problems of appraisement. The customs establishment since Confederation is studied under such heads as organization, problems of adjustment, and political patronage in the service. Finally, the Canadian Tariff Board is put under examination. This study does not constitute an argument on either side of the policy controversy as regards free trade or protection nor is it a linearly historical treatment of Canadian commercial policy. It is an attempt to fit into the Canadian environment certain more or less theoretical concepts which may serve to explain the tariff as an important economic institution. It will be of interest to students of Canadian economic history, particularly in the area of national revenue.
Author: Gordon Blake
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1442633794
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 421
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Canadian tariff has been a singularly faithful mirror of economic and political change in this country, but it is a glass through which much has been seen darkly. This study is an attempt to improve the view. It traces the administration of the tariff through Canadian history, and provides the first complete treatment of the subject and its significance for the country's commerce. Dr. Blake's work begins with customs administration during the French régime, and follows with the British period---the struggle for responsible government, the problem of smuggling, and the establishment of free ports. The author discusses such early problems as customs union in the Canadas, reciprocity and the Galt tariff, and ad valorem duties and their administrative consequences. Confederation and its effect on customs administration are analysed, as are the tariff schedule up to modern times, valuation and the effects of war, and the system and problems of appraisement. The customs establishment since Confederation is studied under such heads as organization, problems of adjustment, and political patronage in the service. Finally, the Canadian Tariff Board is put under examination. This study does not constitute an argument on either side of the policy controversy as regards free trade or protection nor is it a linearly historical treatment of Canadian commercial policy. It is an attempt to fit into the Canadian environment certain more or less theoretical concepts which may serve to explain the tariff as an important economic institution. It will be of interest to students of Canadian economic history, particularly in the area of national revenue.
Author: George A. Elliott
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1487596669
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Most Canadians are vividly aware of some of the effects tariffs have on their daily lives. As consumers they pay more than their American neighbours for many articles in everyday use; as producers they often find their markets drastically restricted because of tariff barriers. Indeed, the customs tariff has been a burning issue in the political and economic life of the country for most of its history. It is always a current topic of discussion, in ordinary conversation, in newspapers and periodicals, in scholarly studies, and in surveys and reports by government and industry. But while Canadians, as consumers and producers, have personal experience and a general knowledge of the rates of duty explicitly stated in the customs tariff and knowingly ratified by the legislators and the public, they are not so well informed about another set of costs which, like the duties, have to be borne by importers and exporters, and ultimately by consumers and producers. These are the costs of administration, not only of the tariff, but also of other regulations designed primarily to preserve health or to prevent fraud or the infringement of patents. Certain costs of this nature are inevitable, and the delays, uncertainties, and expense they cause to exporters and importers, though not so readily apparent to the public, are nevertheless as much a part of the obstacle to trade as are the stated rates of duty. A more serious aspect of procedures for collecting customs and enforcing regulations, however, is the fact that they may confer an inordinate degree of protection on certain domestic producers, either unintentionally through inept regulations or administrative inefficiency, or intentionally by regulations designed to discriminate unobtrusively against imported merchandise. But whether they are part of the necessary cost of collection and enforcement, or unintended expenses resulting from inadvertence, or calculated burdens imposed by stealth, they all confer a greater measure of protection on the domestic consumer than has been proved by the electorate. This additional, 'indirect' protection is the subject of Professor Elliott's interesting and informative study. By a clear and orderly marshalling of the facts, and a wealth of illustrative cases, he has furnished a picture of the burden imposed on the economic life of the country and the obstacles put in the way of international trade by 'procedures.' In so doing he has provided a background of information against which the total effects of tariffs and import regulations may be assessed. It is in the interests of all that the customs tariff, like any other tax, should be designed to secure its objectives as efficiently as possible. A good customs tariff, like a good tax system, should conform to the four canons of taxation laid down long ago by Adam Smith: it should provide equity, certainty, convenience, and economy. This book is intended not as a customs manual for importers and exporters, but as a source of information and enlightenment for that alert and critical public whose interest in international economic relations and constant awareness of facts have already provided a strong impetus to a world movement in favour of more liberal trade policies. Professor Elliott's book is published under the auspices of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs and the Canadian Tax Foundation.
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Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 712
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Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Author: Toronto Public Libraries
Publisher:
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Category : Bibliography, National
Languages : en
Pages : 988
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Author:
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Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 750
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Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author: Richard Norman Kottman
Publisher: Ithaca, N.Y : Cornell University Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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