Measurement of Smoke Point in Laminar Jet Diffusion Flames at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressures PDF Download
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Author: Tiffany Leigh Berry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Keywords: smoke point, elevated pressure, diffusion flame.
Author: Tiffany Leigh Berry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Keywords: smoke point, elevated pressure, diffusion flame.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Using a Burke-Schumman modeled co-flow burner, a quartz chimney, and a pressure vessel with good optical access, the smoke points in pure and diluted fuels were measured in a laminar jet diffusion flame. Ethylene and methane, burning in a velocity matched, over-ventilated co-flow of air, were tested over the ranges of 1 to 8 atmospheres and 2 to 16 atmospheres, respectively. Various diluents (nitrogen, argon, helium, and carbon dioxide) were added individually to the pure fuels to observe the effects they have on the smoke points and the adiabatic flame temperatures at atmospheric and elevated pressures. These diluents were chosen to allow a wide range of flame temperatures and fuel Lewis numbers to be investigated. For a given fuel flow rate, the dilution level was increased until the flame ceased emitting visible soot (defined as the smoke point). The height of the flame was then measured and the adiabatic flame temperature was calculated based on equilibrium chemistry. While some previous research has focused on the effects of flame temperature (through dilution) on smoke points, the measurements reported here were made to investigate the effects of pressure, different diluents, and varying dilution rates on sooting tendency. The main findings of these experiments were: increasing the amount of diluent to a pure fuel increases the smoke point, the smoke point is a function of the air to fuel velocity ratio, smoke point is strongly dependent on the inverse of pressure, and residence time decreases with increases in pressure.
Author: Peter Bradford Sunderland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Author:
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Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 954
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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721281633
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Ground-based studies of soot processes in laminar flames proceeded in two phases, considering laminar premixed flames and laminar diffusion flames, in turn. The test arrangement for laminar premixed flames involved round flat flame burners directed vertically upward at atmospheric pressure. The test arrangement for laminar jet diffusion flames involved a round fuel port directed vertically upward with various hydrocarbon fuels burning at atmospheric pressure in air. In both cases, coflow was used to prevent flame oscillations and measurements were limited to the flame axes. The measurements were sufficient to resolve soot nucleation, growth and oxidation rates, as well as the properties of the environment needed to evaluate mechanisms of these processes. The experimental methods used were also designed to maintain capabilities for experimental methods used in corresponding space-based experiments. This section of the report will be limited to consideration of flame structure for both premixed and diffusion flames. Dai, Z. and El-Leathy, A. M. and Lin, K.-C. and Sunderland, P. B. and Xu, F. and Faeth, G. M. and Urban, D. L. (Technical Monitor) and Yuan, Z.-G. (Technical Monitor) Glenn Research Center
Author: Rose L. Schalla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: D. L. Urban
Publisher: BiblioGov
ISBN: 9781289280956
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
The NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) houses half a million publications that are a valuable means of information to researchers, teachers, students, and the general public. These documents are all aerospace related with much scientific and technical information created or funded by NASA. Some types of documents include conference papers, research reports, meeting papers, journal articles and more. This is one of those documents.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Author: Marc Robert Joseph Charest
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494777626
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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![Forced and Natural Convection in Laminar-Jet Diffusion Flames. [normal-Gravity, Inverted-Gravity and Zero-Gravity Flames] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/QXyZuQEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781723397417
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
An experimental investigation was conducted on methane, laminar-jet, diffusion flames with coaxial, forced-air flow to examine flame shapes in zero-gravity and in situations where buoyancy aids (normal-gravity flames) or hinders (inverted-gravity flames) the flow velocities. Fuel nozzles ranged in size from 0.051 to 0.305 cm inside radius, while the coaxial, convergent, air nozzle had a 1.4 cm inside radius at the fuel exit plane. Fuel flows ranged from 1.55 to 10.3 cu cm/sec and air flows from 0 to 597 cu cm/sec. A computer program developed under a previous government contract was used to calculate the characteristic dimensions of normal and zero-gravity flames only. The results include a comparison between the experimental data and the computed axial flame lengths for normal gravity and zero gravity which showed good agreement. Inverted-gravity flame width was correlated with the ratio of fuel nozzle radius to average fuel velocity. Flame extinguishment upon entry into weightlessness was studied, and it was found that relatively low forced-air velocities (approximately 10 cm/sec) are sufficient to sustain methane flame combustion in zero gravity. Flame color is also discussed. Haggard, J. B., Jr. Glenn Research Center NASA-TP-1841, E-487 RTOP 506-55-22
