Author: Joanna Rios
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 1260467902
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 535
Book Description
Build Your Competence and Confidence to Communicate Effectively with Your Spanish-speaking Patients McGraw Hill’s Complete Medical Spanish goes far beyond a phrasebook or dictionary. This time-tested resource provides you with the skills and confidence to interact with Spanish-speaking patients and their families, and deliver the high quality of care they deserve. Through sample dialogs, numerous exercises, and more than 200 illustrations, this program will help you: Master a Spanish vocabulary of more than 3,000 key terms Confidently interview patients, take histories, conduct physical exams, prescribe medication, and give follow-up instructions in Spanish Become culturally competent and more aware of major differences between Latino and Anglo-American cultures and how they impact healthcare decisions. New to this edition: Sections on musculoskeletal exam, physical therapy, speech therapy, mental health, women’s health, children’s behavioral problems, pandemics • Questionnaires for GAD7, OASIS •Assessments for OASIS, CAGE• MoCA Test This bestselling guide is supported by bonus content in McGraw Hill’s Language Lab app: Audio recordings of 40 dialogs and monologs to help improve your pronunciation and fluency 2,000 flashcards to help memorize key vocabulary Ideal for: physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses (including NPs, LVNs, LPNs, MAs), hospital technicians, physical therapists, and medical administrators with little or no Spanish-language experience.
McGraw Hill's Complete Medical Spanish, Premium Fourth Edition
Author: Joanna Rios
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 1260467902
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 535
Book Description
Build Your Competence and Confidence to Communicate Effectively with Your Spanish-speaking Patients McGraw Hill’s Complete Medical Spanish goes far beyond a phrasebook or dictionary. This time-tested resource provides you with the skills and confidence to interact with Spanish-speaking patients and their families, and deliver the high quality of care they deserve. Through sample dialogs, numerous exercises, and more than 200 illustrations, this program will help you: Master a Spanish vocabulary of more than 3,000 key terms Confidently interview patients, take histories, conduct physical exams, prescribe medication, and give follow-up instructions in Spanish Become culturally competent and more aware of major differences between Latino and Anglo-American cultures and how they impact healthcare decisions. New to this edition: Sections on musculoskeletal exam, physical therapy, speech therapy, mental health, women’s health, children’s behavioral problems, pandemics • Questionnaires for GAD7, OASIS •Assessments for OASIS, CAGE• MoCA Test This bestselling guide is supported by bonus content in McGraw Hill’s Language Lab app: Audio recordings of 40 dialogs and monologs to help improve your pronunciation and fluency 2,000 flashcards to help memorize key vocabulary Ideal for: physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses (including NPs, LVNs, LPNs, MAs), hospital technicians, physical therapists, and medical administrators with little or no Spanish-language experience.
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 1260467902
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 535
Book Description
Build Your Competence and Confidence to Communicate Effectively with Your Spanish-speaking Patients McGraw Hill’s Complete Medical Spanish goes far beyond a phrasebook or dictionary. This time-tested resource provides you with the skills and confidence to interact with Spanish-speaking patients and their families, and deliver the high quality of care they deserve. Through sample dialogs, numerous exercises, and more than 200 illustrations, this program will help you: Master a Spanish vocabulary of more than 3,000 key terms Confidently interview patients, take histories, conduct physical exams, prescribe medication, and give follow-up instructions in Spanish Become culturally competent and more aware of major differences between Latino and Anglo-American cultures and how they impact healthcare decisions. New to this edition: Sections on musculoskeletal exam, physical therapy, speech therapy, mental health, women’s health, children’s behavioral problems, pandemics • Questionnaires for GAD7, OASIS •Assessments for OASIS, CAGE• MoCA Test This bestselling guide is supported by bonus content in McGraw Hill’s Language Lab app: Audio recordings of 40 dialogs and monologs to help improve your pronunciation and fluency 2,000 flashcards to help memorize key vocabulary Ideal for: physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses (including NPs, LVNs, LPNs, MAs), hospital technicians, physical therapists, and medical administrators with little or no Spanish-language experience.
Manual for (Relatively) Painless Medical Spanish
Author: Ana Malinow Rajkovic
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 029275146X
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
Self-teaching guide to the grammar, pronunciation, and medical vocabulary of Spanish. Presented in a systematic and highly entertaining fashion, twelve lessons cover some of the most commonly encountered situations. These include the family clinic, the emergency room, appendicitis, the social chat, pregnancy, family planning, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary tract infection, depression, children with asthma, patients with angina, explaining a venipuncture and a spinal tap, and patients with shortness of breath. Each lesson closes with a bilingual interview that includes vocabulary and grammar introduced in that lesson. A guide to the medical history and physical examination appears in English and Spanish in the appendix.
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 029275146X
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
Self-teaching guide to the grammar, pronunciation, and medical vocabulary of Spanish. Presented in a systematic and highly entertaining fashion, twelve lessons cover some of the most commonly encountered situations. These include the family clinic, the emergency room, appendicitis, the social chat, pregnancy, family planning, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary tract infection, depression, children with asthma, patients with angina, explaining a venipuncture and a spinal tap, and patients with shortness of breath. Each lesson closes with a bilingual interview that includes vocabulary and grammar introduced in that lesson. A guide to the medical history and physical examination appears in English and Spanish in the appendix.
Medical Spanish
Author: Lingo Mastery
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781079365184
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Book Description
Have you faced a medical emergency with a Spanish-speaking patient and found yourself unable to communicate with them? Do you want to have the ability to read through Spanish medical texts? Are you moving to a Spanish-speaking country and need to learn the language on a technical level? As a healthcare professional, you will come across all types of challenges in your daily work - as if the tasks you face already weren't tough enough, right? - so coping with each and every little thing can be a daunting task. One of the biggest roadblocks you can hit as a nurse, doctor or other health professional is a language barrier, in which you simply cannot understand or express what needs to be said. Everything slows down, and many times people suffer negative consequences because of it. For that precise reason, we have produced Medical Spanish: Real Spanish Medical Conversations for Healthcare Professionals to provide you with powerful, up-to-date and necessary tools to master the use of medical Spanish at all levels, from beginner to expert. With this book: Discover essential medical vocabulary, giving you the ability to express many terms that you will use on a day-to-day basis as a healthcare professional. Learn to recognize a person's health condition and make a diagnosis based on the information you have. Read through over 25 conversations detailing very specific, common situations that any healthcare professional will face, with a resolution to each conflict provided. Stay up to date with accurate, modern terminologies and procedures used - all while learning how to express them in Spanish! Make use of an incredible learning material that will boost your vocabulary and fluency skills in no-time! So with that said, all that's left for you is to purchase this book now and begin seeing the advantages that only Medical Spanish: Real Spanish Medical Conversations for Healthcare Professionals can provide you. Good luck!
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781079365184
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Book Description
Have you faced a medical emergency with a Spanish-speaking patient and found yourself unable to communicate with them? Do you want to have the ability to read through Spanish medical texts? Are you moving to a Spanish-speaking country and need to learn the language on a technical level? As a healthcare professional, you will come across all types of challenges in your daily work - as if the tasks you face already weren't tough enough, right? - so coping with each and every little thing can be a daunting task. One of the biggest roadblocks you can hit as a nurse, doctor or other health professional is a language barrier, in which you simply cannot understand or express what needs to be said. Everything slows down, and many times people suffer negative consequences because of it. For that precise reason, we have produced Medical Spanish: Real Spanish Medical Conversations for Healthcare Professionals to provide you with powerful, up-to-date and necessary tools to master the use of medical Spanish at all levels, from beginner to expert. With this book: Discover essential medical vocabulary, giving you the ability to express many terms that you will use on a day-to-day basis as a healthcare professional. Learn to recognize a person's health condition and make a diagnosis based on the information you have. Read through over 25 conversations detailing very specific, common situations that any healthcare professional will face, with a resolution to each conflict provided. Stay up to date with accurate, modern terminologies and procedures used - all while learning how to express them in Spanish! Make use of an incredible learning material that will boost your vocabulary and fluency skills in no-time! So with that said, all that's left for you is to purchase this book now and begin seeing the advantages that only Medical Spanish: Real Spanish Medical Conversations for Healthcare Professionals can provide you. Good luck!
Spanish and the Medical Interview
Author: Pilar Ortega
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323371140
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 515
Book Description
Focusing on communication needs in real-world clinical situations, Dr. Pilar Ortega's updated edition of this practical text helps you address today's growing demand for Spanish-speaking physicians and healthcare workers. This pocket-sized resource provides basic Spanish skills, sample interview questions, relevant cultural information, and more, in addition to online videos of physician-patient interactions, interactive self-assessment tools, and clinical vignettes. You'll find exactly what you need to develop better physician-patient communication skills, increase your cultural competence, and make better clinical decisions in your practice. Understand the nuts and bolts of better communication through Spanish grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, sample interview questions, and helpful interview techniques. Pocket size allows for quick reference in an easily accessible format. Improve your skills with new and expanded content including more practice exercises for self-assessment, information on cultural issues, grammar tips and practice, complex clinical scenarios, and how to best use interpreters in your practice. Stay up to date with new chapters on pediatric health; common procedures and informed consent; the physician's impression and plan; diabetes medication; travel history and special exposures; adult immunization history; exercise and adult health safety screening; and specialized physical examination. Gauge and hone your doctor-patient communication skills with interactive self-assessment tools and practice exercises. Watch video of real-time physician-patient exchanges (with English and Spanish subtitles), complete interactive practice exercises, and learn from clinical vignettes-all online at Student Consult. eBook version included! Access the entire book online or offline across all devices with the Student Consult eBook.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323371140
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 515
Book Description
Focusing on communication needs in real-world clinical situations, Dr. Pilar Ortega's updated edition of this practical text helps you address today's growing demand for Spanish-speaking physicians and healthcare workers. This pocket-sized resource provides basic Spanish skills, sample interview questions, relevant cultural information, and more, in addition to online videos of physician-patient interactions, interactive self-assessment tools, and clinical vignettes. You'll find exactly what you need to develop better physician-patient communication skills, increase your cultural competence, and make better clinical decisions in your practice. Understand the nuts and bolts of better communication through Spanish grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, sample interview questions, and helpful interview techniques. Pocket size allows for quick reference in an easily accessible format. Improve your skills with new and expanded content including more practice exercises for self-assessment, information on cultural issues, grammar tips and practice, complex clinical scenarios, and how to best use interpreters in your practice. Stay up to date with new chapters on pediatric health; common procedures and informed consent; the physician's impression and plan; diabetes medication; travel history and special exposures; adult immunization history; exercise and adult health safety screening; and specialized physical examination. Gauge and hone your doctor-patient communication skills with interactive self-assessment tools and practice exercises. Watch video of real-time physician-patient exchanges (with English and Spanish subtitles), complete interactive practice exercises, and learn from clinical vignettes-all online at Student Consult. eBook version included! Access the entire book online or offline across all devices with the Student Consult eBook.
Spanish and the Medical Interview: Clinical Cases and Exam Review - E-Book
Author: Pilar Ortega
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323756492
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 637
Book Description
Offering a practical, case-based approach, Spanish and the Medical Interview: Clinical Cases and Exam Review is a unique, immersive study and review resource for medical Spanish. It provides extensive training and review in two formats: the print book contains numerous cases spanning a wide variety of clinical settings, formatted as a patient would present for medical attention, while the audio cases provide multiple opportunities to hone your listening comprehension skills. Together, these learning components test your knowledge and skills in caring for Spanish-speaking patients and prepare you for case-based examinations that test clinical skills in Spanish. This first-of-its-kind title is ideal as a stand-alone resource or as a companion to Dr. Ortega's Spanish and the Medical Interview: A Textbook for Clinically Relevant Medical Spanish. - Helps you improve your interviewing skills, your understanding of patient responses, and your ability to explain a diagnosis and plan of care to Spanish-speaking patients, so you can provide a higher quality of patient care and safety in your practice. - Covers multiple presentations of cases in main organ system areas, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, genitourinary, neurologic, psychiatric, eye/ear/nose/throat, and pediatric, in multiple patient care settings such as urgent care, emergency department, outpatient clinic, and inpatient wards. · - Focuses on topics that are particularly common in Hispanic/Latino patients and includes cultural health issues that may impact the patient's understanding of medical information, belief system, decision-making preferences, or access to care—all of which have a significant impact on your medical decision making and interviewing styles and effectiveness. - Leads you through key information for each case, prompting you to use your medical Spanish clinical skills in a series of prompts and questions as the case unfolds. Assessment questions follow each case to test your comprehension. - Provides more than two dozen audio cases to improve your listening comprehension of different nationalities and accents of Spanish-speaking patients. - Provides real-world content from Drs. Pilar Ortega and Marco Alemán, who serve on the steering committee for the National Medical Spanish Taskforce that aims to standardize the educational approach to a national assessment examination for Medical Spanish. - Expands your global skills set: in your home country, when caring for patients who speak Spanish, or when caring for patients in other countries through global medicine programs. - Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323756492
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 637
Book Description
Offering a practical, case-based approach, Spanish and the Medical Interview: Clinical Cases and Exam Review is a unique, immersive study and review resource for medical Spanish. It provides extensive training and review in two formats: the print book contains numerous cases spanning a wide variety of clinical settings, formatted as a patient would present for medical attention, while the audio cases provide multiple opportunities to hone your listening comprehension skills. Together, these learning components test your knowledge and skills in caring for Spanish-speaking patients and prepare you for case-based examinations that test clinical skills in Spanish. This first-of-its-kind title is ideal as a stand-alone resource or as a companion to Dr. Ortega's Spanish and the Medical Interview: A Textbook for Clinically Relevant Medical Spanish. - Helps you improve your interviewing skills, your understanding of patient responses, and your ability to explain a diagnosis and plan of care to Spanish-speaking patients, so you can provide a higher quality of patient care and safety in your practice. - Covers multiple presentations of cases in main organ system areas, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, genitourinary, neurologic, psychiatric, eye/ear/nose/throat, and pediatric, in multiple patient care settings such as urgent care, emergency department, outpatient clinic, and inpatient wards. · - Focuses on topics that are particularly common in Hispanic/Latino patients and includes cultural health issues that may impact the patient's understanding of medical information, belief system, decision-making preferences, or access to care—all of which have a significant impact on your medical decision making and interviewing styles and effectiveness. - Leads you through key information for each case, prompting you to use your medical Spanish clinical skills in a series of prompts and questions as the case unfolds. Assessment questions follow each case to test your comprehension. - Provides more than two dozen audio cases to improve your listening comprehension of different nationalities and accents of Spanish-speaking patients. - Provides real-world content from Drs. Pilar Ortega and Marco Alemán, who serve on the steering committee for the National Medical Spanish Taskforce that aims to standardize the educational approach to a national assessment examination for Medical Spanish. - Expands your global skills set: in your home country, when caring for patients who speak Spanish, or when caring for patients in other countries through global medicine programs. - Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.
McGraw-Hill's Complete Medical Spanish
Author: Joanna Ríos
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN: 9780071439909
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 335
Book Description
A guide to the Spanish language for health care workers emphasizes the expressions and terminology needed in medical situations and offers advice on cultural differences.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN: 9780071439909
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 335
Book Description
A guide to the Spanish language for health care workers emphasizes the expressions and terminology needed in medical situations and offers advice on cultural differences.
McGraw-Hills Spanish for Emergency Care Providers
Author: Joanna Ríos
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780071439954
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780071439954
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Emergency Medical Responder
Author: David Schottke
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 0763782653
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 532
Book Description
Updated to the new National EMS Education Standards and endorsed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the fifth edition of our core first responder textbook, Emergency Medical Responder, continues to take an assessment-based approach to emergency medical responder training. Designed to meet the needs of law enforcement personnel, fire fighters, rescue squad personnel, athletic trainers, college students, and laypersons, the text and features found in the fifth edition will help students take the next step toward becoming outstanding Emergency Medical Responders.
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 0763782653
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 532
Book Description
Updated to the new National EMS Education Standards and endorsed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the fifth edition of our core first responder textbook, Emergency Medical Responder, continues to take an assessment-based approach to emergency medical responder training. Designed to meet the needs of law enforcement personnel, fire fighters, rescue squad personnel, athletic trainers, college students, and laypersons, the text and features found in the fifth edition will help students take the next step toward becoming outstanding Emergency Medical Responders.
Guide to the Essentials in Emergency Medicine - with Corrections
Author: Ooi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789814742580
Category : Emergency medical services
Languages : en
Pages : 941
Book Description
This book focuses on the practical management of the most life-threatening and common conditions encounterd by emergency physicians. It is designed to offer a balanced viewpoint advocating the tenets of evidence-based medicine.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789814742580
Category : Emergency medical services
Languages : en
Pages : 941
Book Description
This book focuses on the practical management of the most life-threatening and common conditions encounterd by emergency physicians. It is designed to offer a balanced viewpoint advocating the tenets of evidence-based medicine.
Basic Spanish
Author: Raquel Lebredo
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 9780618505692
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
Drawn from the successful "Basic Spanish Grammar," 6/e, and accompanying career manuals, "TheBasic Spanish Series" offer a flexible, concise prologue to Spanish grammar and communication. The series has been enhanced and updated to better address the needs of today's students, pre-professionals, and professionals who need a working knowledge of Spanish. The core text, "Basic Spanish," provides the essential grammatical structures needed for communicating in Spanish. The six worktexts, "Basic Spanish for Getting Along, Basic Spanish for Business and Finance, Basic Spanish for Medical Personnel, Basic Spanish for Law Enforcement, Basic Spanish for Social Services," and "Basic Spanish for Teachers," are communication worktexts that encourage students to use and practice the grammar learned in "Basic Spanish." The worktexts present realistic situations a student will encounter in everyday life when needing to communicate in Spanish as well as a variety of authentic workplace situations likely to be encountered by professionals, with attention to specialized vocabulary of each profession, dialogue completions, role-plays, and realia-based activities. "The Basic Spanish Series" offers flexibility for an array of academic, professional, and adult education settings. "Basic Spanish" can be used independently or with any combination of the six worktexts. "Basic Spanish" combined with "Basic Spanish for Getting Along" is ideal for an Introductory Conversation course, while combining the text with any of the career-specific worktexts serves students, pre-professionals, or professionals who need a working knowledge of the language in a short period of time. A comprehensive supplementspackage enhances the program and offers students and professionals helpful tools for developing their language skills outside of the classroom."Early introduction of essential communicative concepts" enables students to begin speaking immediately."Chapter-opening spread" orients and organizes students by previewing the chapter's "Objectives, Structures, and Communication; " highlighting a different Spanish-speaking country, with a profile in English and a map; and providing a legend of icons that indicate additional resources available with the program."Clear, concise grammar presentation" lists the grammar topic in English and Spanish, followed by explanations in English, language models in Spanish with translations and charts, and "Vamos a practicar" exercises for reinforcement of the material."Practical vocabulary presentation" contains lists of chapter vocabulary clearly divided into the following categories: Cognates, Verbs, Adjectives, and Other Words and Expressions--all containing translations with the exception of cognates."Cuanto sabe usted ahora? self-tests" offer assessment opportunities after every five lessons. Answers on the ClassPrep CD give instructors the option to cover the answers in class or provide students the answers so they can monitor their own progress."Para escuchar y entender section" reinforces listening through two types of audio exercises "Practica" (grammar exercises) and "Que dicen?" (listening comprehension)."End-of-lesson activity" provides practice of the active vocabulary introduced in each lesson, in the "Palabras y mas palabras" (words and more words), followed by "En estas situaciones," a pair/group activity that encourages students to applystructures and vocabulary learned in the lesson."Communicative activities" encourage practice of the grammar points through role-plays and group situations.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 9780618505692
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
Drawn from the successful "Basic Spanish Grammar," 6/e, and accompanying career manuals, "TheBasic Spanish Series" offer a flexible, concise prologue to Spanish grammar and communication. The series has been enhanced and updated to better address the needs of today's students, pre-professionals, and professionals who need a working knowledge of Spanish. The core text, "Basic Spanish," provides the essential grammatical structures needed for communicating in Spanish. The six worktexts, "Basic Spanish for Getting Along, Basic Spanish for Business and Finance, Basic Spanish for Medical Personnel, Basic Spanish for Law Enforcement, Basic Spanish for Social Services," and "Basic Spanish for Teachers," are communication worktexts that encourage students to use and practice the grammar learned in "Basic Spanish." The worktexts present realistic situations a student will encounter in everyday life when needing to communicate in Spanish as well as a variety of authentic workplace situations likely to be encountered by professionals, with attention to specialized vocabulary of each profession, dialogue completions, role-plays, and realia-based activities. "The Basic Spanish Series" offers flexibility for an array of academic, professional, and adult education settings. "Basic Spanish" can be used independently or with any combination of the six worktexts. "Basic Spanish" combined with "Basic Spanish for Getting Along" is ideal for an Introductory Conversation course, while combining the text with any of the career-specific worktexts serves students, pre-professionals, or professionals who need a working knowledge of the language in a short period of time. A comprehensive supplementspackage enhances the program and offers students and professionals helpful tools for developing their language skills outside of the classroom."Early introduction of essential communicative concepts" enables students to begin speaking immediately."Chapter-opening spread" orients and organizes students by previewing the chapter's "Objectives, Structures, and Communication; " highlighting a different Spanish-speaking country, with a profile in English and a map; and providing a legend of icons that indicate additional resources available with the program."Clear, concise grammar presentation" lists the grammar topic in English and Spanish, followed by explanations in English, language models in Spanish with translations and charts, and "Vamos a practicar" exercises for reinforcement of the material."Practical vocabulary presentation" contains lists of chapter vocabulary clearly divided into the following categories: Cognates, Verbs, Adjectives, and Other Words and Expressions--all containing translations with the exception of cognates."Cuanto sabe usted ahora? self-tests" offer assessment opportunities after every five lessons. Answers on the ClassPrep CD give instructors the option to cover the answers in class or provide students the answers so they can monitor their own progress."Para escuchar y entender section" reinforces listening through two types of audio exercises "Practica" (grammar exercises) and "Que dicen?" (listening comprehension)."End-of-lesson activity" provides practice of the active vocabulary introduced in each lesson, in the "Palabras y mas palabras" (words and more words), followed by "En estas situaciones," a pair/group activity that encourages students to applystructures and vocabulary learned in the lesson."Communicative activities" encourage practice of the grammar points through role-plays and group situations.