Managing Fescue Toxicosis Through Forage Canopy, Limestone Application and Novel Endophytes PDF Download
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Author: Sarah Lynn Kenyon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala [(Morgan-Jones [AND] W. Gams) C.W. Bacon & Schardl, comb. nov.] produces ergovaline and other alkaloids responsible for fescue toxicosis, a livestock disorder. Cultivars re-infected with endophytes that do not produce toxic ergot alkaloids, referred to as "novel endophytes," have been used to alleviate the symptoms of fescue toxicosis. This research includes a series of experiments with the overall objective of identifying management practices that reduce fescue toxicosis in order to provide recommendations to Missouri farmers. The fist experiment examined the distribution of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids throughout the vegetative canopy of tall fescue, and concluded that toxin concentrations are highest in the bottom 5 cm of the plant. The second experiment documented that applying limestone decreased ergovaline concentrations by at least 20 [mu]g kg−1 dry matter. The third experiment evaluated cattle preference among novel endophyte-infected tall fescue cultivars. This experiment concluded that one cultivar, 'BarOptima,' was grazed first and most frequently.
Author: Sarah Lynn Kenyon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala [(Morgan-Jones [AND] W. Gams) C.W. Bacon & Schardl, comb. nov.] produces ergovaline and other alkaloids responsible for fescue toxicosis, a livestock disorder. Cultivars re-infected with endophytes that do not produce toxic ergot alkaloids, referred to as "novel endophytes," have been used to alleviate the symptoms of fescue toxicosis. This research includes a series of experiments with the overall objective of identifying management practices that reduce fescue toxicosis in order to provide recommendations to Missouri farmers. The fist experiment examined the distribution of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids throughout the vegetative canopy of tall fescue, and concluded that toxin concentrations are highest in the bottom 5 cm of the plant. The second experiment documented that applying limestone decreased ergovaline concentrations by at least 20 [mu]g kg−1 dry matter. The third experiment evaluated cattle preference among novel endophyte-infected tall fescue cultivars. This experiment concluded that one cultivar, 'BarOptima,' was grazed first and most frequently.
Author: Craig A. Roberts
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0891186379
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Fescue toxicosis continues to be one of the most devastating problems in forage–livestock agriculture. Because there is presently no cure, using the most up-to-date management and prevention approaches are crucial. The 2nd edition of this important guide presents an easy-to-understand description of this complex problem, along with recommendations that are practical for real farm use.
Author: Craig Arthur Roberts
Publisher: ASA-CSSA-SSSA
ISBN: 9780891181774
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: University of Missouri. Agricultural Extension Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tall fescue
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Fescue toxicosis & management is a field manual for area extension specialists in Misosuri. It was prepared for the in-service education workshop held in Columbia, Missouri on March 23-24, 1993. The manual presents basic and applied research from various disciplines, universities, and agencies. These findings lay the foundation for sound recommendations.
Author: Craig Arthur Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780891181842
Category : Neotyphodium
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
Author: Autumn Nicole Stewart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh., is the predominate pasture grass in the mid-south region of the United States. The most dominant cultivar of tall fescue in the region is Kentucky-31. Kentucky-31 is infected with an endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams), which is responsible for the cultivar's drought tolerance, persistence under stressful conditions, and adaptation to multiple soil types. However, the endophyte is also responsible for producing toxic alkaloids that cause tall fescue toxicosis. Symptoms of fescue toxicosis are retention of winter hair coat, elevated body temperature, increased respiratory rate, reduced average daily gain (ADG), lower serum prolactin levels, and reduced reproductive performance. Four approaches proposed to reduce or eliminate tall fescue toxicosis are to use endophyte-free cultivars, dilute the toxins, dietary supplementation, or switch to novel endophyte cultivars. In this study, Jesup MaxQ, a novel endophyte-infected tall fescue, was investigated at two stocking rates at Blount Livestock Unit of the East Tennessee Research and Education Center. Tall fescue was renovated with white clovers to evaluate the persistence of the clover cultivars and to investigate the interactions of clovers with Kentucky-31 and Jesup MaxQ. Both fescue cultivars were grazed at different stocking rates to provide information needed by beef producers desiring to optimize animal performance. In addition, animal performance was measured for beef steers grazing tall fescue cultivars with and without toxic endophytes. Differences in stocking rate were not found in this study. Patriot clover was more persistent that Regal clover in Ky-31 E+ tall fescue. Animal performance was similar when steers grazed Jesup MaxQ and endophyte-free tall fescue and superior to those grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. Steers grazing E+ tall fescue exhibited the typical performance, hair scores, and prolactin levels found when cattle are experiencing tall fescue toxicosis.
Author: Jim Gerrish
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780972159708
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Using vivid images and detailed explanations, Gerrish takes graziers step by step through the MiG system. He begins from the ground up with the soil, and advances through the management of pastures and animals. Written for those new to MiG grazing, Gerrish's insight and personal experience can help experienced graziers fine tune their grazing operations for added income.
Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pesticides
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Author: Monte Rouquette Jr.
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128144750
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Management Strategies for Sustainable Cattle Production in Southern Pastures is a practical resource for scientists, students, and stakeholders who want to understand the relationships between soil-plant interactions and pasture management strategies, and the resultant performance of cow-calf and stocker cattle. This book illustrates the importance of matching cattle breed types and plant hardiness zones to optimize cattle production from forages and pastures. It explains the biologic and economic implications of grazing management decisions made to improve sustainability of pastures and cattle production while being compliant with present and future environmental concerns and cattle welfare programs. - Documents the effects of cattle grazing on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprints - Discusses strategies to enhance soil fertility, soil health, and nutrient cycling in pastures - Provides information on the use of stocking rates, stocking strategies and grazing systems to optimize cow-calf production of weaned calves and stockers. - Presents innovations in cattle supplementation and watering systems to minimize negative impacts on water and soil health - Includes methods for weed control to maintain pasture condition and ecosystem stability - Describes management strategies to integrate cattle operations with wildlife sustainability
