Author: Arnold T. Wilson
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN: 1666774049
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 442

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Author: Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geography
Languages : en
Pages : 710

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 896

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : England
Languages : en
Pages : 858

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Author: Bibliothèque nationale (France)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bibliography, National
Languages : en
Pages : 594

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Author: Lieutenant Colonel James D. Scudieri
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN: 1782896783
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 61

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This paper is a comparative analysis of the British campaign in Mesopotamia during the First World War, 1914-18 and the current campaign in Iraq, 2003-4. The study focuses on an examination of Phase III decisive operations and Phase IV reconstruction operations, including strategic imperatives, operational planning, and the impact of changes during operations. The British had no campaign plan for Mesopotamia upon the outbreak of war in 1914. Deployment to this theater began as a peripheral operation. Overriding politico-strategic requirements spurred further exploitation to reach Baghdad. Failure to match ends and means resulted in the disastrous surrender of a division at Kut on 29 April 1916. Sweeping reorganization and large-scale reinforcements resumed the advance; Baghdad fell on 11 March 1917. The British conducted ad-hoc reconstruction operations throughout this period, beginning in the Basra vilayet and expanding their scope with the capture of Baghdad. The British established viable civil institutions, to include police forces, a functioning legal system, Revenue and Customs Departments, a banking system, and even domestic mail. Conversely, the recent U.S. strategy of pre-emption in Iraq was a policy decision based upon the wider strategic perspective and benefited from exhaustive operational planning. However, the rolling start campaign utilized minimal forces. They had the capability to win the decisive operations phase rapidly, but this same troop level was woefully inadequate to conduct incompletely-planned, sorely under-estimated, post-conflict operations. Both campaigns suffered from a serious mismatch of ends and means at certain stages, especially for post-war reconstruction operations. They achieved significant success due to herculean efforts in theater. The study concludes with recommendations for strategic leaders related to planning and force structure.

Author: Ron Wilcox
Publisher: Pen and Sword
ISBN: 1526781662
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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In 1914 the British expedition to Mesopotamia set out with the modest ambition of protecting the oil concession in Southern Persia but, after numerous misfortunes, ended up capturing Baghdad and Northern Towns in Iraq. Initially the mission was successful in seizing Basra but the British under Generals Nixon and Townshend, found themselves drawn North, becoming besieged by the Turks at Kut. After various failed relief attempts the British surrendered and the prisoners suffered appalling indignities and hardship, culminating in a death march to Turkey. In 1917 General Maude was appointed CinC but, as usual in Iraq, policy kept changing. Hopes that the Russians would come into the war were dashed by the Revolution. Operations were further frustrated by the hottest of summers. Fighting against the Turks continued right up to the Armistice. The conduct of the Campaign was subject to a Commission of Inquiry which was highly critical of numerous individuals and the administrative arrangements.

Author: Foreign Relations Library
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : International relations
Languages : en
Pages : 816

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Author: Great Britain. Colonial Office. Library
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Great Britain
Languages : en
Pages : 728

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Author: University of Chicago. Oriental Institute. Library
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Asia
Languages : en
Pages : 888

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