Long-term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems Following Early-weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves PDF Download
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Author: Philipe Moriel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Experiment 2 demonstrated that EW heifers provided a high-concentrate diet for at least 90 d in drylot and EW heifers grazed on ryegrass pastures, had similar or greater growth performance than NW heifers. Furthermore, it provided evidence that early-exposure to a high-concentrate diet lead to metabolic imprinting effects, such as altered liver IGF-1 expression (during periods of similar nutritional management) and early puberty achievement of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. Calf weaning at the onset of the breeding season enhanced cow growth performance, and tended to enhance reproductive performance of multiparous cows.
Author: Philipe Moriel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Experiment 2 demonstrated that EW heifers provided a high-concentrate diet for at least 90 d in drylot and EW heifers grazed on ryegrass pastures, had similar or greater growth performance than NW heifers. Furthermore, it provided evidence that early-exposure to a high-concentrate diet lead to metabolic imprinting effects, such as altered liver IGF-1 expression (during periods of similar nutritional management) and early puberty achievement of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. Calf weaning at the onset of the breeding season enhanced cow growth performance, and tended to enhance reproductive performance of multiparous cows.
Author: Everett Dennis Loukonen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Michael J. Fields
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849387548
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Factors Affecting Calf Crop summarizes the latest information available from leading cattle physiologists and geneticists regarding factors known to influence the production of live calves at weaning. You get practical information on management techniques for improving reproduction efficiency in the herd. You'll also learn about the functioning of the reproductive system and how this may affect reproductive processes in the cow herd. Managers will benefit from a clearer understanding of the factors known to limit efficient reproduction, while veterinarians and other professionals who advise cattlemen will appreciate the substantial reference material and color photographs for defining cow condition scores. Color photographs are also used to illustrate the discussions of testicular thermographies and their applications. Other chapters in the book cover developments in improving reproductive performance of the replacement heifer, the brood cow, and the bull. Topics on reproduction include physiology/endocrinology, the use of growth promotants, genetics and physiological and economic considerations in selecting the age to breed heifers, heritability of fertility, length of the breeding season, prepartum and postpartum nutrition, nursing by the calf, cloning of embryos, and much more.
Author: Jennifer Marie Barker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Author: Ricardo P. Arias
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355855951
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
The effects of nutrition during late gestation and after insemination, as well as the effects of energy reserves on reproductive function of the beef female and subsequent growth and reproductive function of their offspring were investigated. The aims of this research were: 1) to evaluate how a change in nutritional intake immediately after insemination would affect pregnancy success and concentrations of hormonal mediators, IGF-I and progesterone, 2) to determine the influence that postpartum energy reserves have on embryo viability, early embryonic development, and embryo quality, and 3) to evaluate the impact that maternal protein supplementation of irrigated meadow grass hay during the last trimester of gestation has on cow BW and BCS, calf birth and weaning BW, conception rates of heifer offspring, and feedlot performance of steer offspring. Findings from Chapter III show that suppression in nutritional plane of heifers during the 21-d following AI has a negative impact on heifer performance, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, and AI pregnancy rates. Thus, it is biologically beneficial to ensure that heifers maintain their pre-breeding plane of nutrition during the 21-d following AI. Chapter IV presents evidence that cows with BCS 5.4 tend to produce more total embryos after a superovulation program compared to cows BCS 4.3. Additionally, peripheral concentrations of IGF-I were greatest in cows with a BCS 5.4, which may be an indicator of a more suitable environment in the uterus for further development of an embryo. In Chapter V, cows supplemented with protein during the last trimester of gestation had a greater BW gain and BCS change by calving time. Weaning BW of calves born to protein supplemented dams was greater when compared to calves from non-supplemented cows. There was a trend for pregnancy rates of heifers born supplemented dams to be 16 percentage points greater (95% vs. 79%). And although dam supplementation did not seem to affect intakes, gains, feed efficiency or carcass characteristics on the male progeny in this study, advantages have been observed other peer-reviewed research studies that support the concept that late gestation supplementation can have an impact subsequent progeny.
Author: Connie J. Neubauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Author: Fernando Soberon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The pre-weaning management of dairy calves over the last 30 years has focused on mortality, early weaning and rumen development. Recent data has demonstrated the potential to influence metabolic programming and consequently alter future performance of dairy cattle through nutrition and management during the first few months of life. Two main management practices have been identified as having the greatest impact in future performance: colostrum management and energy intake pre-weaning. Therefore, the first objective was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake from milk replacer and pre and post-weaning growth rate with lactation performance. The evaluation of over 1,800 first lactations resulted in a strong relationship between average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning and milk production so that for every additional kg of ADG pre-weaning first lactation milk production is increased by 850 kg. The relationship is equally strong when assessed by energy intake above maintenance from milk replacer during the pre-weaning period. The second objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preweaning nutrition on mammary gland development. The mammary gland, especially the parenchymal mass were shown to be responsive to nutrient intake such that the parenchymal mass of calves that consumed more nutrients grew 5.6 times faster than that of control calves. This was significant because it demonstrated that allometric growth can be initiated from birth and that the mammary gland is very nutrient responsive, something not readily recognized in dairy cattle. The interaction of colostrum status and pre-weaning nutrient intake was also evaluated and the data suggests that the effects of colostrum management can be amplified or muted depending on nutritional status pre-weaning. Colostrum contains an array of different growth factors that can account for some of the long-term impacts on growth and efficiency; a preliminary study evaluating hormone levels post-colostrum feeding in newborn calves suggest that hormones present in colostrum may be directly absorbed by the calf and could impact metabolic programming through the "Lactocrine hypothesis". Protein synthesis and accretion is proposed as the primary signal that enhances future performance of pre-weaned cattle; however, milk protein sources are expensive and feeding high levels of such proteins may not always be cost effective. Therefore, alternative protein sources were evaluated as a way to reduce the cost of milk replacers. In this study, milk replacers containing whey based protein were the most effective milk replacers, with or without a modified amino acid profile.
Author: David L. Braun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Author: Paul Arthur Beck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author: Jay D. Olsen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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