Author: Rudolf Carnap
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description

Author: Henry E. Kyburg Jr.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401021759
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 440

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Book Description
Everyone knows it is easy to lie with statistics. It is important then to be able to tell a statistical lie from a valid statistical inference. It is a relatively widely accepted commonplace that our scientific knowledge is not certain and incorrigible, but merely probable, subject to refinement, modifi cation, and even overthrow. The rankest beginner at a gambling table understands that his decisions must be based on mathematical ex pectations - that is, on utilities weighted by probabilities. It is widely held that the same principles apply almost all the time in the game of life. If we turn to philosophers, or to mathematical statisticians, or to probability theorists for criteria of validity in statistical inference, for the general principles that distinguish well grounded from ill grounded generalizations and laws, or for the interpretation of that probability we must, like the gambler, take as our guide in life, we find disagreement, confusion, and frustration. We might be prepared to find disagreements on a philosophical and theoretical level (although we do not find them in the case of deductive logic) but we do not expect, and we may be surprised to find, that these theoretical disagreements lead to differences in the conclusions that are regarded as 'acceptable' in the practice of science and public affairs, and in the conduct of business.

Author: George Boole
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486488268
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 514

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Book Description
Authoritative account of the development of Boole's ideas in logic and probability theory ranges from The Mathematical Analysis of Logic to the end of his career. The Laws of Thought formed the most systematic statement of Boole's theories; this volume contains incomplete studies intended for a follow-up volume. 1952 edition.

Author: John M. Vickers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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Book Description
Discussing the relations between logic and probability, this book compares classical 17th- and 18th-century theories of probability with contemporary theories, explores recent logical theories of probability, and offers a new account of probability as a part of logic.

Author: Terrence L. Fine
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483263894
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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Book Description
Theories of Probability: An Examination of Foundations reviews the theoretical foundations of probability, with emphasis on concepts that are important for the modeling of random phenomena and the design of information processing systems. Topics covered range from axiomatic comparative and quantitative probability to the role of relative frequency in the measurement of probability. Computational complexity and random sequences are also discussed. Comprised of nine chapters, this book begins with an introduction to different types of probability theories, followed by a detailed account of axiomatic formalizations of comparative and quantitative probability and the relations between them. Subsequent chapters focus on the Kolmogorov formalization of quantitative probability; the common interpretation of probability as a limit of the relative frequency of the number of occurrences of an event in repeated, unlinked trials of a random experiment; an improved theory for repeated random experiments; and the classical theory of probability. The book also examines the origin of subjective probability as a by-product of the development of individual judgments into decisions. Finally, it suggests that none of the known theories of probability covers the whole domain of engineering and scientific practice. This monograph will appeal to students and practitioners in the fields of mathematics and statistics as well as engineering and the physical and social sciences.

Author:
Publisher: Allied Publishers
ISBN: 9788177644517
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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Book Description
Probability theory

Author: Louis Narens
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812708014
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Book Description
Standard probability theory has been an enormously successful contribution to modern science. However, from many perspectives it is too narrow as a general theory of uncertainty, particularly for issues involving subjective uncertainty. This first-of-its-kind book is primarily based on qualitative approaches to probabilistic-like uncertainty, and includes qualitative theories for the standard theory as well as several of its generalizations.One of these generalizations produces a belief function composed of two functions: a probability function that measures the probabilistic strength of an uncertain event, and another function that measures the amount of ambiguity or vagueness of the event. Another unique approach of the book is to change the event space from a boolean algebra, which is closely linked to classical propositional logic, to a different event algebra that is closely linked to a well-studied generalization of classical propositional logic known as intuitionistic logic. Together, these new qualitative theories succeed where the standard probability theory fails by accounting for a number of puzzling empirical findings in the psychology of human probability judgments and decision making.

Author: Ian Hacking
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521775014
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Book Description
An introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by a foremost philosopher of science.

Author: Rudolf Carnap (red.)
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520018662
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description

Author: Roy Weatherford
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000626091
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Book Description
First published in 1982, Philosophical Foundations of Probability Theory starts with the uses we make of the concept in everyday life and then examines the rival theories that seek to account for these applications. It offers a critical exposition of the major philosophical theories of probability, with special attention given to the metaphysical and epistemological assumptions and implications of each. The Classical Theory suggests probability is simply the ratio of favorable cases to all equi-possible cases: it is this theory that is relied on by gamblers and by most non-specialists. The A Priori Theory, on the other hand, describes probability as a logical relation between statements based on evidence. The Relative Frequency theories locate it not in logic but among empirical rates of occurrence in the real world, while the Subjectivist Theory identifies probability with the degree of a person’s belief in a proposition. Each of these types of theory is examined in turn, and the treatment is unified by the use of running examples and parallel analyses of each theory. The final chapter includes a summary and the author’s conclusions. This book is an essential read for scholars and researchers of Philosophy.