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Author: V. F. Brekhovskikh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
The hardening of steel in the zone of action of focused radiation from a laser in the free-generation mode and with modulated-Q is considered. The maximum extent of the hardened areas is estimated, taking into account the characteristics of the laser radiation. The heating and cooling rates of the material were determined theoretically. The surface hardening of metal products is of much interest in machine design. A great many methods of surface hardening of metals are known: high-frequency current hardening, volume hardening of PP (low-annealing) steels, volume hardening of cemented and nitro-cemented items, etc. With the exception of the electron beam all other methods of surface hardening do not permit obtaining case-hardening of micro-regions to a depth of some tens or hundreds of microns. However, use of an electron beam is not always warranted due to the high cost of the equipment and the requirement for placing the item being treated in a vacuum. Experiments have shown that after laser treatment of the surfaces of U8, 45, KhVG and other steels, the micro-hardness in the treatment zone is increased from 300-400 up to 900-1000 kg/sq mm, and in certain cases to 2200 kg/sq mm. In this connection it is of interest to discuss some aspects of the possible use of laser radiation for the thermal treatment of steels and alloys. The paper analyzes some experimental data on the surface hardening of a number of steels and theoretical estimates are made of the dimensions of the regions of hardening obtained after irradiation by a laser. (Author).
Author: V. F. Brekhovskikh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
The hardening of steel in the zone of action of focused radiation from a laser in the free-generation mode and with modulated-Q is considered. The maximum extent of the hardened areas is estimated, taking into account the characteristics of the laser radiation. The heating and cooling rates of the material were determined theoretically. The surface hardening of metal products is of much interest in machine design. A great many methods of surface hardening of metals are known: high-frequency current hardening, volume hardening of PP (low-annealing) steels, volume hardening of cemented and nitro-cemented items, etc. With the exception of the electron beam all other methods of surface hardening do not permit obtaining case-hardening of micro-regions to a depth of some tens or hundreds of microns. However, use of an electron beam is not always warranted due to the high cost of the equipment and the requirement for placing the item being treated in a vacuum. Experiments have shown that after laser treatment of the surfaces of U8, 45, KhVG and other steels, the micro-hardness in the treatment zone is increased from 300-400 up to 900-1000 kg/sq mm, and in certain cases to 2200 kg/sq mm. In this connection it is of interest to discuss some aspects of the possible use of laser radiation for the thermal treatment of steels and alloys. The paper analyzes some experimental data on the surface hardening of a number of steels and theoretical estimates are made of the dimensions of the regions of hardening obtained after irradiation by a laser. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1028
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Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Joseph R. Davis
Publisher: ASM International
ISBN: 1615032509
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Annotation A practical selection guide to help engineers and technicians choose the mot efficient surface hardening techniques that offer consistent and repeatable results. Emphasis is placed on characteristics such as processing temperature, case/coating thickness, bond strength, and hardness level obtained. The advantages and limitations of the various thermochemical, thermal and coating/surface modification technologies are compared
Author: Harry Brearley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Case hardening
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Author: Materials Information (Firm)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Rashid A. Ganeev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400773412
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
This book is about the interaction of laser radiation with various surfaces at variable parameters of radiation. As a basic principle of classification we chose the energetic or intensity level of interaction of laser radiation with the surfaces. These two characteristics of laser radiation are the most important parameters defining entire spectrum of the processes occurring on the surfaces during interaction with electromagnetic waves. This is a first book containing a whole spectrum of the laser-surface interactions distinguished by the ranges of used laser intensity. It combines the surface response starting from extremely weak laser intensities (~1 W cm-2) up to the relativistic intensities (~1020 W cm-2 and higher). The book provides the basic information about lasers and acquaints the reader with both common applications of laser-surface interactions (laser-related printers, scanners, barcode readers, discs, material processing, military, holography, medicine, etc) and unusual uses of the processes on the surfaces under the action of lasers (art conservation, rangefinders and velocimeters, space and earth explorations, surface engineering and ablation, and others). The scientific applications of laser-surfaces interactions (surface optical nonlinearities, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface nanostructuring, nanoripples and clusters formation, X-ray lasers and harmonic generation from the surfaces) are discussed from the point of view of the close relations between the properties of surface and matter, which is a cornerstone of most of studies of materials. The novelty of the approach developed in Laser - Surface Interactions is related with the interconnection of scientific studies with numerous applications of the laser-surface interactions separated in different chapters by the ranges of laser intensities. We present most recent achievements in this field. The book provides valuable information for different ranges of reader's preparedness to the laser-related topics (from unprepared readers, to students, engineers and researchers, professionals and academics).
Author: Simeon M. Metev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642973272
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
Laser-Assisted Microtechnology deals with laser applications to a wide variety of problems in microelectronic design and fabrication. It covers micromachining of thin films, microprocessing of materials, maskless laser micropatterning and laser-assisted synthesis of thin-film systems. The monograph describes fundamental aspects and practical details of the technological processes as well as the optimum conditions for their realization.
Author: Flavia Aline Goia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Case hardening
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Laser surface treatments represent some of the most advanced and versatile processes for enhanced materials applications. Laser hardening is a technique to generate a hard wear-resistant surface microstructure in metals due to the rapid heating and cooling cycles imposed by a laser beam. This work intends to understand the influence of the laser variables on hardness after laser hardening of an AISI D6 steel. A fiber laser, which is a new source available for industrial applications, has been used. The overall absorptivity measured was ∼37 % and the laser treatment produced two different zones: Remelted and heat-affected. The surface layer was remelted and composed of martensite and retained austenite. The region next to the free surface is composed of primary austenite dendrites with martensite plates with hardness between 400 and 500 HV. The region called the heat-affect zone is composed of martensite, retained austenite, and carbides and has a hardness up to 800 HV. The case depth in laser treated samples was between 1 and 2 mm.
Author: Lucio Salgado
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN: 3038131652
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 918
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Book Description
Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). This interesting volume focuses on powder production, sintering mechanisms, sintering furnaces and nanomaterials, automotive applications and future possibilities.
Author: Janez Grum
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789616238670
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
